Deck 24: Endocrine System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which hormone stimulates protein synthesis for muscle and bone maintenance and repair, and plays a role in metabolism?

A) Oxytocin
B) Growth hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Prolactin

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) stimulates protein synthesis for muscle and bone growth, maintenance and repair, and plays a role in metabolism. Growth hormone is also called somatotrophin or STH.

Question 2

Which term applies to hormones that stimulate the activity of other endocrine glands?

A) Releasing
B) Positive
C) Negative
D) Tropic

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Hormones that stimulate the activity of other endocrine glands are called tropic hormones.

Question 3

Which region secretes growth hormone?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone.

Question 4

Which term refers to a response to stimulus that moves current levels in the opposite direction?

A) Neural regulation
B) Positive feedback
C) Negative feedback
D) Hormonal regulation

Question 5

Which substances are also known as local hormones?

A) Glucocorticoids
B) Androgens
C) Estrogens
D) Prostaglandins

Question 6

Which region is interconnected to the hypothalamus by the hypophyseal portal system?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 7

Which gland extends from the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

A) Pineal
B) Thyroid
C) Thymus
D) Pituitary

Question 8

Which region secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 9

Which hormone causes the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones?

A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 10

Which gland lies in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?

A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Pituitary
D) Hypothalamus

Question 11

What do hormones do?

A) Eliminate cellular waste products
B) Regulate physiologic activity of other cells
C) Help maintain the oxygen content of blood
D) Provide physical protection from the outside environment

Question 12

Which glands are endocrine?

A) Adrenal
B) Salivary
C) Ceruminous
D) Sudoriferous

Question 13

Which statement describes endocrine glands?

A) Located only in the skin
B) Use ducts to transport their products to the site of action
C) Ductless glands that secrete hormones
D) Types include sudoriferous, sebaceous, and salivary

Question 14

Which function does the endocrine system perform?

A) Produces heat, maintains posture, and produces movement
B) Digests, adsorbs, and eliminates ingested substances
C) Combats hemorrhage and blood loss
D) Regulates reproductive processes and helps the body adapt during stress

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroxine?

A) Oxytocin
B) Growth hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 16

Which structure secretes hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Pancreas
D) Hypothalamus

Question 17

Which mechanism controls most hormone levels?

A) Nerve impulse
B) Positive feedback systems
C) Negative feedback systems
D) Neurotransmitter release

Question 18

What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called?

A) Hormones
B) Antibodies
C) Enzymes
D) Neurotransmitters

Question 19

Which region is also called the adenohypophysis?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 20

Which region is also called the neurohypophysis?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 21

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclastic activity?

A) Calcitonin
B) Thyroxine
C) Thymopoietin
D) Parathyroid hormone

Question 22

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

A) Estrogen
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) Progesterone

Question 23

Which hormone promotes milk production in the breasts?

A) Estrogen
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) Progesterone

Question 24

Which gland is both endocrine and exocrine?

A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 25

Which hormone stimulates the release of estrogens and progesterone?

A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Prolactin

Question 26

Which hormones are collectively called gonadotropins?

A) Prolactin and oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone and growth hormone
C) Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 27

Which hormone decreases urine production?

A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Prolactin

Question 28

Which region secretes cortisol and aldosterone?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 29

Which hormone stimulates testosterone and sperm production in the testes?

A) Oxytocin
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Prolactin

Question 30

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 31

Which region secretes luteinizing hormone?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 32

Which region secretes the hormone prolactin?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 33

Which hormone maintains the body's circadian rhythm?

A) Cortisol
B) Glucagon
C) Melatonin
D) Calcitonin

Question 34

Which hormones require iodine in order to be produced?

A) Thymosin and thymopoietin
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
D) Tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine

Question 35

Which hormone has an anti-inflammatory effect?

A) Cortisol
B) Glucagon
C) Melatonin
D) Calcitonin

Question 36

Which gland secretes T₃ (tri-iodothyronine) and T₄ (thyroxine)?

A) Testis
B) Thymus
C) Thyroid
D) Parathyroid

Question 37

What is the function of T₃ (tri-iodothyronine) and T₄ (thyroxine)?

A) Regulate metabolism
B) Decrease urine production
C) Inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone
D) Stimulate the release of estrogens and progesterone

Question 38

Which glands secrete calcitonin?

A) Testes
B) Ovaries
C) Adrenals
D) Parathyroids

Question 39

Which region secretes follicle-stimulating hormone?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 40

Which hormone enhances and prolongs the physiological effects of stress?

A) Cortisol
B) Calcitonin
C) Aldosterone
D) Epinephrine

Question 41

Which glands secrete estrogens and progesterone?

A) Ovaries
B) Testes
C) Parathyroids
D) Adrenals

Question 42

Which condition is an enlargement of the thyroid gland?

A) Lupus
B) Goiter
C) Baker cyst
D) Ganglion cyst

Question 43

Which condition is characterized by damaged or destroyed pancreatic beta-cells, creating a lack of insulin?

A) Diabetes mellitus type 1
B) Diabetes mellitus type 2
C) Lupus
D) Goiter

Question 44

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

A) Progesterone
B) Erythropoietin
C) Thymosin
D) Testosterone

Question 45

Which hormone decreases blood glucose levels?

A) Insulin
B) Prolactin
C) Glucagon
D) Aldosterone

Question 46

Which condition is caused by an underactive thyroid gland leading to thyroid hormone deficiency?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Goiter
C) Lupus
D) Hashimoto disease

Question 47

Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?

A) Diabetes mellitus type 1
B) Diabetes mellitus type 2
C) Lupus
D) Goiter

Question 48

Which hormone maintains the uterine lining for implantation and gestation?

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Progesterone
D) Testosterone

Question 49

Which hormone is secreted by adipocytes?

A) Leptin
B) Secretin
C) Renin
D) Ghrelin

Question 50

Which condition is a group of disorders characterized by chronic elevated blood glucose levels?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hashimoto disease
C) Goiter
D) Lupus

Question 51

Which effect does atrial natriuretic peptide have?

A) Decreases blood calcium levels
B) Increases blood glucose levels
C) Decreases blood pressure
D) Increases blood pressure

Question 52

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells?

A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Thymosin
D) Testosterone

Question 53

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?

A) Insulin
B) Prolactin
C) Glucagon
D) Aldosterone

Question 54

Which hormone is referred to as the "hunger hormone?"

A) Renin
B) Secretin
C) Thymosin
D) Ghrelin

Question 55

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells?

A) Insulin
B) Prolactin
C) Glucagon
D) Aldosterone