Deck 20: Muscular System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which of the following is the tendinous attachment on the bone and is more movable during contraction?

A) Belly
B) Origin
C) Insertion
D) Inversion

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Muscle insertions are the tendinous attachment on more movable bones during contraction. Insertions usually move toward origins.

Question 2

Which tissue surrounds the entire muscle?

A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Endometrium

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Muscles are groups of fasciculi that are surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called epimysium and anchored to bone by tendons.

Question 3

Which term means heat production?

A) Thermogenesis
B) Homeostasis
C) Glycolysis
D) Extensibility

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Skeletal muscles are the most metabolically active structures in the body and produce a significant amount of heat. This mechanism is called thermogenesis and is important for maintaining body temperature.

Question 4

Which ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release?

A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Potassium
D) Phosphorus

Question 5

What is the model of muscle contraction called?

A) Lever system
B) Sliding filament
C) Proprioceptive sense
D) Action potential

Question 6

Which phenomenon occurs when a muscle's origin moves toward the insertion?

A) Threshold stimulus
B) Functional reversibility
C) Isometric contraction
D) Power stroke

Question 7

Which term means the covering of a muscle cell?

A) Epimysium
B) Sarcoplasm
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma

Question 8

Which structure anchors muscles to bone?

A) Tendon
B) Fascicle
C) Ligament
D) Retinaculum

Question 9

What is the principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction?

A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 10

Which term means the tendinous attachment on bone that is less movable during contraction?

A) Belly
B) Origin
C) Insertion
D) Inversion

Question 11

Which structure is a band of connective tissue that acts like a bracelet to help stabilize tendons and keep them in place?

A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Fascicle
D) Retinaculum

Question 12

Which term means continuous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles?

A) Gait
B) Posture
C) Muscle tone
D) Muscle twitch

Question 13

Which term refers to folded sections of the sarcolemma that are part of the neuromuscular junction?

A) Endomysium
B) Thick filament
C) Muscle spindle
D) Motor end plate

Question 14

What is the basic unit of contraction in a muscle cell?

A) Fascicle
B) Retinacula
C) Sarcomere
D) Perimysium

Question 15

Which structure is a broad, flat tendon?

A) Retinaculum
B) Fascicle
C) Ligament
D) Aponeurosis

Question 16

Which state are muscle cells in when they receive a stimulus by the nervous system via a motor neuron?

A) Elastic
B) Excited
C) Contracted
D) Relaxed

Question 17

Which function does the muscular system perform?

A) Filtration of wastes
B) Heat production
C) Exchange of gases
D) Immune responses

Question 18

Which term refers to a thin filament protein?

A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Fascicle
D) Sarcolemma

Question 19

Which term refers to a thick filament?

A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Fascicle
D) Sarcolemma

Question 20

Which area contains the motor end plate, the terminal end of the motor neuron, and the synaptic gap?

A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcomere
C) Neuromuscular junction
D) Axon terminal

Question 21

Which classification of muscles cause specific or desired movements?

A) Fixators
B) Synergists
C) Antagonists
D) Agonists

Question 22

Which term refers to contractions that generate force while muscle length remains the same, without movement occurring?

A) Isotonic
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Concentric

Question 23

Which classification has muscle fibers joining at one end with fibers spreading out like a fan at the other end?

A) Pennate
B) Circular
C) Fusiform
D) Convergent

Question 24

Which classification has muscles fibers arranged as a central tendon with muscle fibers emerging diagonally, giving them a featherlike appearance?

A) Pennate
B) Circular
C) Fusiform
D) Convergent

Question 25

Which classification has parallel muscle fiber arrangement?

A) Pennate
B) Circular
C) Fusiform
D) Convergent

Question 26

Which term refers to the stage of glucose breakdown that uses oxygen?

A) Recruitment
B) Thermogenesis
C) Aerobic glycolysis
D) Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 27

Which classification of muscles cross two joints?

A) Isotonic
B) Postural
C) Biarticular
D) Uniarticular

Question 28

Which type of athletes tend to have a high ratio of slow twitch muscles present in their lower extremities?

A) Boxers
B) Sprinters
C) Tennis players
D) Marathon runners

Question 29

Which type of muscle fibers are referred to as type 2 or white muscle?

A) Fast twitch
B) Slow twitch
C) Moderate twitch
D) Intermediate twitch

Question 30

Breathing heavily after strenuous exercise is due to which process?

A) Tonus
B) Aerobic glycolysis
C) Oxygen debt
D) Thermogenesis

Question 31

Which type of muscle fibers are referred to as type 1 muscle fibers, or red muscle?

A) Fast twitch
B) Slow twitch
C) Moderate twitch
D) Intermediate twitch

Question 32

Which term means motor unit activation based on need?

A) Tonus
B) Excitability
C) Recruitment
D) All-or-none response

Question 33

Which classification of muscles assist prime movers by performing the same movement at the same time?

A) Fixators
B) Agonists
C) Synergists
D) Antagonists

Question 34

Which term refers to myosin pulling thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere?

A) Recruitment
B) Power stroke
C) Cross-bridge formation
D) Functional reversibility

Question 35

Which chemical is the universal unit of energy in the cell?

A) Calcium
B) Growth hormone
C) Acetylcholine
D) Adenosine triphosphate

Question 36

Which classification of muscles lengthen while prime movers and their synergists contract to produce the desired action?

A) Fixators
B) Agonists
C) Synergists
D) Antagonists

Question 37

Which class of levers involves the fulcrum positioned between the load and the pull?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 38

Which term refers to contractions that cause a muscle to shorten in length while generating force?

A) Physiologic
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Concentric

Question 39

Which term refers to a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates?

A) Fascicle
B) Motor unit
C) Motor end plate
D) Retinaculum

Question 40

Which molecule is the red respiratory pigment found in sarcoplasm?

A) Glucose
B) Myoglobin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Dopamine

Question 41

Which condition is characterized by localized areas or tender points, widespread pain, joint stiffness, and fatigue, with the affected person having no signs of inflammation or degeneration in the tissues?

A) Fibromyalgia syndrome
B) Osgood-Schlatter disease
C) de Quervain tenosynovitis
D) Myofascial pain syndrome

Question 42

Which condition is inflammation of a tendon?

A) Strain
B) Sprain
C) Tendinitis
D) Torticollis

Question 43

Which condition is characterized pain along the medial tibia?

A) Tendinitis
B) Tenosynovitis
C) Shin splints
D) Plantar fasciitis

Question 44

Which term refers to a group of disorders involving spasms of sternocleidomastoid?

A) Strain
B) Sprain
C) Tendinitis
D) Torticollis

Question 45

Which condition is chronic inflammation of the fascia on the bottom of the foot?

A) Tendinitis
B) Torticollis
C) Shin splints
D) Plantar fasciitis

Question 46

Which condition is a strain of the cervical spine, most commonly at the junction of fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae?

A) Whiplash
B) Shin splints
C) Plantar fasciitis
D) de Quervain tenosynovitis

Question 47

Which condition involves patellar tendinitis at the tibial tuberosity in immature bone?

A) Fibromyalgia syndrome
B) Osgood-Schlatter disease
C) de Quervain tenosynovitis
D) Myofascial pain syndrome

Question 48

Which condition occurs when muscles or tendons become overstretched or torn?

A) Strain
B) Sprain
C) Tendinitis
D) Tenosynovitis

Question 49

Which condition is characterized by the presence of trigger points and muscular pain?

A) Fibromyalgia syndrome
B) Osgood-Schlatter disease
C) de Quervain tenosynovitis
D) Myofascial pain syndrome

Question 50

Which condition is inflammation of the tendinous sheath located on the radial side of the wrist?

A) Fibromyalgia syndrome
B) Osgood-Schlatter disease
C) de Quervain tenosynovitis
D) Myofascial pain syndrome