Deck 12: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

All of the following statements are true regarding mitosis and meiosis II EXCEPT:  

A) The earliest eukaryotes were almost always single-celled and haploid, and they produced by mitosis.
B) Mitosis evolved later, from meiosis.
C) By mitosis and cytoplasmic division, one cell becomes two new cells.
D) The outcomes of mitosis and meiosis differ.
E) The molecular machinery of mitosis became remodeled into meiosis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During prophase II,____.  

A) a new spindle forms
B) crossing over occurs
C) chromosomes are single-stranded
D) the cell is diploid
E) the nuclear envelope re-forms

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Crossing over _________________________.  

A) occurs during mitosis
B) involves centrioles
C) involves breakages and exchanges between sister chromatids
D) results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells
E) only occurs in animal cells.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Chromatids are ____________________.  

A) attached at the centriole.
B) a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father
C) attached to the nuclear envelope
D) identical before and after crossing over occurs.
E) identical until crossing over occurs

Question 5

The production of which cell type requires a different nuclear division mechanism that halves the chromosome number?  

A) Somatic cells
B) Kidney cells
C) Germ cells
D) Brain cells
E) Lymphatic cells

Question 6

During meiosis II,____.  

A) cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells
B) sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other
C) homologous chromosomes pair up
D) homologous chromosomes separate
E) sister chromatids exchange parts

Question 7

The essence of meiosis is that __________________________________.  

A) one gamete receives the maternal chromosomes, and the other gamete receives the paternal chromosomes
B) diploid gametes are formed
C) gametes are formed after one cell division
D) diploid spores are formed
E) haploid gametes are formed

Question 8

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because _________________.  

A) it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes
B) homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells
C) the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved
D) homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells
E) the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be split in fourths

Question 9

Anaphase _______________________.  

A) involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
B) is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.
C) is initiated when the chromosomes begin to move apart
D) results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells
E) occurs after telophase

Question 10

The process of chromosome segregation begins at which phase?  

A) Anaphase I
B) Telophase I
C) Metaphase I
D) Prophase I
E) Meiosis II

Question 11

Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?  

A) Mother
B) Parallel
C) Sister
D) Homogenous
E) Haploid

Question 12

The figure above represents ___________________.

A) individual genes from an asexual worm
B) maternal chromosomes that are identical
C) paternal chromosomes that are identical
D) homologous chromosomes
E) nonhomologous chromosomes

Question 13

After meiosis,what process restores the chromosome number in diploid individuals?  

A) Spermatogenesis
B) Transcription
C) Fertilization
D) Oogenesis
E) Gametogenesis

Question 14

Which of the following occur in telophase I of meiosis?  

A) Nuclear envelope formation
B) Pairing of homologues
C) Formation of a bipolar spindle
D) Crossing over
E) Condensation of chromosomes

Question 15

Figure 12.4

The cell in the accompanying illustration is in ____.  

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase I
D) prophase II
E) anaphase II

Question 16

Sexual reproduction _____________________.  

A) leads to uniform characteristics within a population
B) results in new combinations of genetic traits
C) creates genetic clones
D) requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction
E) produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction

Question 17

____________________ reproduction produces clones of the parent.  

A) Meiotic
B) Mitotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Translation
E) Gemmule

Question 18

Pairs of maternal and paternal chromosomes line up between the two spindle poles during _______________.  

A) metaphase I
B) telophase I
C) prophase II
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase II

Question 19

Crossing over occurs during _________________.  

A) anaphase I
B) metaphase II
C) prophase I
D) prophase II
E) telophase II

Question 20

Meiosis typically results in the production of _____________________.  

A) two diploid cells
B) four diploid cells
C) four haploid cells
D) two haploid cells
E) one triploid cell

Question 21

Gamete formation results in __________________________.  

A) offspring that are genetic clones of the parent
B) the pairing of homologous chromosomes
C) offspring that are genetically distinct from each other
D) the fusion of gametes.
E) asexual reproduction

Question 22

Many of the molecules that actively maintain the integrity of a cell's chromosomes,particularly during DNA replication and mitosis,are involved in crossing over during ____ of meiosis.  

A) prophase II
B) prophase I
C) metaphase II
D) metaphase I
E) telophase II

Question 23

If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of four pairs of homologous chromosomes,it can produce ____ different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes (disregarding crossing over).  

A) 4
B) 8
C) 12
D) 16
E) 32

Question 24

In sexual reproducers,meiosis gives rise to _____________.  

A) diploid gametes
B) haploid gametes
C) triploid gametes
D) haploid germ cells
E) diploid germ cells

Question 25

Figure 12.7

The accompanying illustration shows one possible outcome of the random alignment of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I.How many OTHER possible arrangements exist?  

A) None
B) One
C) Two
D) Seven
E) Eight

Question 26

Which action is unable to produce variation?  

A) Crossing over
B) Random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Genetic recombination of alleles
E) Sexual reproduction

Question 27

Figure 12.5

The accompanying figure illustrates ____.  

A) anaphase I
B) metaphase I
C) metaphase II
D) crossing over
E) migration

Question 28

Which statement correctly describes human chromosomes after meiosis I?  

A) The haploid number is 22.
B) Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
C) There are 46 chromosomes in each cell.
D) Each of the 23 chromosomes contains two sister chromatids.
E) Human gametes end up with one of each type of 22 chromosomes.

Question 29

If a child more strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's,the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during ________________.  

A) anaphase II
B) metaphase II
C) prophase II
D) prophase I
E) telophase I

Question 30

Homologous chromosomes become attached to either ____ in prophase I.  

A) sister
B) spindle pole
C) nucleus
D) chromosome
E) chromatid

Question 31

Crossing over is facilitated by a ____ orientation between homologous chromosomes.  

A) tightly angled
B) separated, perpendicular
C) tight, perpendicular
D) separated, parallel
E) tight, parallel

Question 32

During ____,microtubules fasten the cell's chromosomes to the spindle poles.  

A) prophase I
B) anaphase II
C) metaphase I
D) metaphase II
E) telophase I

Question 33

In comparing mitosis and meiosis,which statement is true?
 

A) Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II..
B) Both processes result in four cells.
C) Crossing over of homologues occurs in both.
D) Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
E) Meiosis II resembles mitosis..

Question 34

Which of the following is TRUE at the end of telophase I in corn (2n = 20)?  

A) Each cell has 20 chromosomes.
B) Each chromosome is paired with its homologue.
C) Centromeres connect homologous chromosomes.
D) Each cell is diploid.
E) Centromeres connect sister chromatids.

Question 35

In both mitosis and meiosis II,____________.  

A) the cells double in number, and the chromosomes in product cells also double in number
B) the cells quadruple in number, and the chromosomes are reduced by half in each cell
C) the cells double in number, and the number of chromosomes in each cell remains the same
D) the cells quadruple in number, and the number of chromosomes in each cell remains the same
E) the cells double in number, and the chromosomes are reduced by half in each cell

Question 36

Chromosome segregation in anaphase I is consistent with which statement?  

A) The position where crossing over occurs is random.
B) The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in human cells.
C) Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole.
D) The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random.
E) The number of crossing over events is random.

Question 37

Fertilization of plant gametes produces a ________________.  

A) zygote
B) gametophyte
C) spore
D) meiospore
E) multicellular haploid plant

Question 38

Crossing over ___________________.  

A) increases variability in gametes
B) happens only once per homologous pair
C) occurs between sister chromatids
D) prevents genetic recombination
E) is followed immediately by separation of the chromatids

Question 39

All of the microtubules are the same length,and homologous chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles at ____.  

A) telophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase I
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase II

Question 40

In which of the following processes do the chromosome and its homologous partner exchange corresponding pieces of DNA?  

A) Crossing over
B) Gametes
C) Alleles
D) Haploid
E) Germ cell

Question 41

With __________,offspring inherit the same number and kinds of genes from one parent.

Question 42

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
Recombination via crossing over occurs during this stage.

Question 43

If meiosis did not precede fertilization,what would happen to the chromosome number after each generation?  

A) It would be half of the parents' chromosome number.
B) It would be two times the parents' chromosome number.
C) It would be four times the parents' chromosome number.
D) It would be eight times the parents' chromosome number.
E) It would remain the same.

Question 44

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
New genetic combinations are present after this stage.

Question 45

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
During this phase,homologues separate.

Question 46

Which phase(s)of meiosis occur in a similar manner to mitosis?  

A) Prophase I and Prophase II
B) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I.
C) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
D) Prophase I, Metaphase, I, Prophase II, Metaphase II
E) Prophase I, Anaphase I

Question 47

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
Following this phase,each individual cell is haploid.

Question 48

Sexual reproduction in animals starts with diploid ________ cells that form haploid __________

Question 49

Match the term to the correct description.
a.Prophase II
b.Metaphase I
c.Telophase II
d.Meiosis II
Chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

Question 50

Match the term to the correct description.
a.Prophase II
b.Metaphase I
c.Telophase II
d.Meiosis II
Spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks up.

Question 51

Genetic diversity arises as a consequence of ________,which produce(s)different alleles of a gene.  

A) crossing over
B) chromosome segregation
C) gene swapping
D) gene splicing
E) mutations

Question 52

A diploid organism has ten homologous chromosome pairs.Disregarding crossing over,how many genetically different gametes are possible?  

A) 100
B) 240
C) 480
D) 1024
E) 2048

Question 53

Match the term to the correct description.
a.Prophase II
b.Metaphase I
c.Telophase II
d.Meiosis II
A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes,so four haploid (n)nuclei form.

Question 54

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
During this stage,the sister chromatids begin to separate.

Question 55

At __________,the fusion of two gametes produces a(n)__________.

Question 56

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
By the end of this phase,a nuclear envelope forms around each set of haploid chromosomes.

Question 57

__________ are different forms of the same gene.

Question 58

Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.Prophase I
b.Metaphase II
c.Anaphase I
d.Anaphase II
e.Telophase I
Pairing of homologues occurs during this stage.

Question 59

Match the term to the correct description.
a.Prophase II
b.Metaphase I
c.Telophase II
d.Meiosis II
This process is most similar to mitosis.