Deck 2: Some Basic Chemistry

Question 1

For cobalt, copper, calcium, and carbon, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are:

A)Cb, Co, Ca, C
B)Co, Cp, Ca, Cr
C)Cb, Cu, Cm, C
D)Co, Cu, Ca, C

Answer 1

Co, Cu, Ca, C

Question 2

For iron, iodine, potassium, and phosphorus, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are:

A)I, Io, P, Ph
B)Fe, I, P, Ph
C)I, Io, K, P
D)Fe, I, K, P

Answer 2

Fe, I, K, P

Question 3

An ionic bond is formed when:

A)an atom of sodium loses an electron to another atom of sodium
B)an atom of sodium shares two electrons with two atoms of chlorine
C)an atom of sodium gains an electron from an atom of chlorine
D)an atom of sodium loses an electron to an atom of chlorine

Answer 3

an atom of sodium loses an electron to an atom of chlorine

Question 4

For sodium, sulfur, zinc, and chlorine, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are:

A)S, Su, Z, Cl
B)Na, S, Zn, Cl
C)No, Su, Z, C
D)Na, S, Z, Cl

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of covalent, hydrogen, or disulfide bonds? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
B)Organic molecules such as glucose are held together by covalent bonds.
C)The element carbon only rarely forms covalent bonds.
D)Hydrogen bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins.
E)Disulfide bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of carbohydrates.
F)Covalent bonds are relatively strong, except in water, where they weaken and tend to break.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of water and the body's water compartments? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Once water is part of plasma, it always remains part of plasma.
B)The spaces between cells contain tissue fluiD.
C)Lymph is the name for the fluid in lymphatic vessels.
D)Water in veins is called plasma.
E)Intercellular water is the water within cells.
F)Intracellular water is another name for tissue fluid.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of elements? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)C, H, and O stand for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
B)Cu and Cl stand for copper and chlorine.
C)Fe and I stand for iron and iodine.
D)N and Na stand for nitrogen and potassium.
E)Ca and K stand for calcium and sodium.
F)Z and M stand for zinc and magnesium.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of trace elements? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Iron is part of the hemoglobin in RBCs.
B)Vitamin B₁₂ contains the mineral copper.
C)The transmission of nerve impulses depends on sodium and potassium.
D)Cobalt is needed for the hormone thyroxine.
E)Phosphorus is part of DNA and RNA
F)The mineral necessary for blood clotting is iodine.
G)The mineral that helps store oxygen in muscle cells is magnesium.
H)Sulfur is part of some proteins.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the functions of organic molecules? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)True fats are energy-storage molecules.
B)Glycogen forms structural components of cells, such as membranes.
C)Pentose sugars are part of polysaccharides.
D)DNA is the genetic code in chromosomes.
E)Phospholipids are part of cell membranes.
F)Cholesterol is the precursor molecule for a hormone such as insulin.
G)Oligosaccharides form antigens on cell membranes.
H)Cellulose is made of glucose and is a source of energy.

Question 10

Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol?

A)sodium - S
B)oxygen - O
C)magnesium - Mg
D)chlorine - Cl

Question 11

Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol?

A)hydrogen - H
B)sulfur - S
C)calcium - Ca
D)iron - I

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of ions and ionic bonds? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)When an atom loses one electron, it then has a charge of negative 1.
B)A positive ion may be called a cation.
C)A sodium ion will bond with two chloride ions to form a molecule of sodium chloride.
D)A chloride ion is a cation.
E)Ionic bonds may break in an aqueous solution.
F)The ionic bonds of a salt are weak in the solid state.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of water and its functions? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The human body changes temperature slowly because it is 90% water.
B)Excessive sweating may lead to dehydration.
C)Excess body heat may be lost in the evaporation of sweat on the skin surface.
D)The sense of taste depends on the lubricant function of water.
E)Urine is a fluid in which waste products are dissolveD
F)Synovial fluid is mostly water and is a lubricant in the digestive tract.
G)Water prevents sudden, drastic changes in temperature because of its low heat capacity.
H)The sense of smell depends on the solvent function of water.

Question 14

Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol?

A)carbon - C
B)potassium - P
C)nitrogen - N
D)cobalt - Co

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the active site theory of enzyme functioning? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The shape of the enzyme is important.
B)The shape of the substrate is important.
C)The shape of the active site may be altered by changes in pH.
D)The active site portion of the enzyme is not affected by temperature changes.
E)The active site is a specific sequence of amino acids.
F)Most enzymes are proteins, but a few are lipids.

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of chemical reactions? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)In a synthesis reaction, bonds are formed.
B)In a decomposition reaction, bonds are broken.
C)The body's chemical reactions take place in water.
D)Synthesis reactions are directly necessary for energy release from food.
E)The ionization of a molecule of sodium chloride is a synthesis reaction.
F)Digestion of food involves decomposition reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of the structure of organic molecules? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides.
B)Amino acids are the subunits of nucleic acids.
C)Fatty acids are subunits of phospholipids.
D)Glycerol is a subunit of steroids.
E)Glucose is the subunit of glycogen.
F)Nucleotides are large molecules made of DNA or RNA.

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The reacting molecules are CO₂ and glucose.
B)All the energy released is in the form of heat.
C)The reacting molecules are glucose and oxygen.
D)The waste products of the process are CO₂ and water.
E)Energy is released when glucose is broken down gradually.
F)Energy a cell can use is trapped in molecules of ATP.
G)The water that is produced is exhaled.
H)A molecule of ATP is made from ADP plus a phosphate plus energy.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of the bicarbonate buffer system? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)This buffer system is found in the blood.
B)Buffers are chemicals that can create large changes in pH when needeD.
C)A disadvantage of this system is that it works very slowly.
D)The weak acid part of the system is NaHCO₃.
E)H₂CO₃ ionizes to HCO₃^- and H₂.
F)When this buffer system buffers a strong base, water is formed.

Question 20

Which of the following statements are true of pH and solutions? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral.
B)Only a pH of 8 or higher is alkaline.
C)The entire pH scale ranges from 1 to 15.
D)As the number of H⁺ ions in a solution increases, so does the pH value.
E)A solution with 100 OH^- ions and 200 H⁺ ions is an acidic solution.
F)The average pH of the blood is the same as the pH of pure water.
G)The pH of the blood is important for the chemical reactions that take place in the blooD.H.A body fluid such as gastric juice has the same pH range as blood because both are extracellular fluids.

Question 21

A cation has:

A)a positive charge
B)a negative charge
C)a neutral charge
D)none of these, because the charge may vary

Question 22

A covalent bond is formed when:

A)two or more atoms share electrons
B)two atoms form ions and are attracted to each other
C)one atom loses two electrons that are gained by another atom
D)a carbon atom loses all of its electrons to other atoms

Question 23

The bonds that help maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins and nucleic acids are:

A)covalent bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)water bonds

Question 24

Which statement is NOT true of ionic bonds?

A)They form salts.
B)In the solid state, they are very strong.
C)In water, many ionic bonds weaken.
D)They involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 25

Dissociation of salts is important to:

A)free ions to take part in other reactions
B)produce energy
C)keep salt molecules stable in water
D)keep salt molecules stable as solids

Question 26

The term dissociation refers to:

A)ionic bonds
B)the breaking of bonds in a water solution
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and covalent bonds

Question 27

The bonds that make water cohesive are:

A)disulfide bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)water bonds

Question 28

An atom that has gained an electron is called:

A)an ion that is neutral
B)an ion with a charge of +1
C)an ion with a charge of -1
D)an atom with a charge of +1

Question 29

Disulfide bonds may be part of:

A)some starches
B)some proteins
C)DNA and RNA
D)true fats

Question 30

A synonym for dissociation is:

A)decomposition
B)ionization
C)synthesis
D)reformulation

Question 31

Which statement is NOT true of ions?

A)An ion has either a positive or negative charge.
B)Atoms become ions by gaining or losing protons.
C)Ions with unlike charges are attracted to one another and form ionic bonds.
D)An atom that loses an electron will have a charge of +1.

Question 32

An atom of carbon has ____ electrons to share to form ____ bonds.

A)2/ionic
B)4/covalent
C)2/covalent
D)4/ionic

Question 33

An anion has:

A)a positive charge
B)a negative charge
C)a neutral charge
D)none of these, because the charge may vary

Question 34

The bonds that hold the two chains of an insulin molecule together are:

A)disulfide bonds
B)peptide bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)Protein bonds

Question 35

Large molecules of glycogen are made of the smaller subunits called:

A)glucose
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides

Question 36

A cation has:

A)a positive charge, and an example is a chloride ion
B)a negative charge, and an example is a potassium ion
C)a positive charge, and an example is a calcium ion
D)a negative charge, and an example is an iron ion

Question 37

Ionization of salts such as sodium chloride takes place:

A)when the temperature rises
B)when the temperature falls
C)in the solid state
D)in water

Question 38

An anion has:

A)a positive charge, and an example is a hydrogen ion
B)a negative charge, and an example is a bicarbonate ion
C)a positive charge, and an example is a chloride ion
D)a negative charge, and an example is a sodium ion

Question 39

A bond in which electrons are shared between atoms is:

A)ionic
B)reciprocal
C)covalent
D)di-electron

Question 40

Which statement is NOT true of covalent bonds?

A)These bonds are not weakened when in water.
B)A molecule of water is formed by covalent bonds.
C)These bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
D)The atoms of most inorganic molecules are bonded by covalent bonds.

Question 41

Which statement is NOT true of the subunits of organic molecules?

A)Glycogen is made of glucose.
B)Glycerol is found in true fats and in diglycerides.
C)DNA subunits are called deoxyprecursors.
D)The subunits of enzymes are amino acids.

Question 42

Glycogen and starch are ____ that are made of ____.

A)disaccharides/sucrose
B)polysaccharides/glucose
C)disaccharides/glucose
D)polysaccharides/sucrose

Question 43

Fatty acids and glycerol are the subunits of:

A)phospholipids
B)true fats
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and cholesterol

Question 44

Which statement is NOT true of amino acids?

A)They all contain the elements C, H, O, and N.
B)They are the subunits of proteins.
C)A chain of amino acids is linked by ionic bonds.
D)There are about 20 different amino acids in human proteins.

Question 45

Lymph is a fluid that is found in:

A)lymph vessels
B)tissue spaces
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and between cells

Question 46

The fluid found within lymph vessels is called:

A)lymph
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)tissue fluid

Question 47

Large molecules of DNA and RNA are made of the smaller subunits called:

A)glucose
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides

Question 48

The chemical formula for glucose is:

A)C₁₂H₆O₁₂
B)C₁₂H₆O₆
C)C₆H₆O₆
D)C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 49

Glucose is a molecule that is a:

A)double sugar
B)hexose sugar
C)pentose sugar
D)triple sugar

Question 50

The fluid found within cells is called:

A)intercellular fluid
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)extracellular fluid

Question 51

Which statement is NOT true of saturated fats?

A)Most are plant oils.
B)They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C)They have single bonds between carbons.
D)They have been implicated in heart disease.

Question 52

Large molecules of true fats are made of the smaller subunits called:

A)fatty acids and glucose
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides

Question 53

Glucose molecules are the subunits of:

A)starch
B)glycogen
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and cellulose

Question 54

Large molecules of protein are made of the smaller subunits called:

A)glucose
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides

Question 55

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are:

A)hexose sugars
B)monosaccharides
C)both A and B
D)both A and B, and all have the same chemical formula

Question 56

Plasma is a fluid that is found in:

A)veins
B)arteries
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and in capillaries

Question 57

Intracellular fluid is found:

A)within cells
B)between cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and in tissue spaces

Question 58

Glucose is a molecule that is:

A)a hexose sugar
B)a monosaccharide
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and inorganic

Question 59

Which statement is NOT true of unsaturated fats?

A)They have one or more double bonds between carbons.
B)They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C)Most are plant oils.
D)They are made of fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 60

The fluid found within veins is called:

A)lymph
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)tissue fluid

Question 61

The storage form for energy in adipose tissue is:

A)glycogen
B)true fats
C)pentose sugars
D)oligosaccharides

Question 62

The pentose sugars are part of:

A)starches
B)DNA and RNA
C)specialized enzymes
D)cell membranes

Question 63

Disaccharides in the diet are digested and used for:

A)energy
B)amino acids
C)proteins
D)cell membranes

Question 64

Which of these is NOT a disaccharide?

A)sucrose
B)galactose
C)maltose
D)lactose

Question 65

The sense of taste depends upon water as a:

A)solvent
B)lubricant
C)transporter
D)heat absorber

Question 66

The fact that water changes temperature slowly is important for:

A)digestion of food
B)pumping of the heart
C)keeping a fairly constant body temperature
D)nerve impulse transmission

Question 67

Which of these is an example of the lubricant function of water?

A)the senses of smell and taste
B)synovial fluid in joints
C)transport of nutrients in the blood
D)excretion of waste products in urine

Question 68

The oligosaccharides are attached to:

A)DNA and RNA as part of the genetic code
B)certain enzymes as part of the active site
C)structural proteins to provide stability
D)cell membranes as self antigens

Question 69

The fluid found in spaces between cells is called:

A)tissue fluid
B)intercellular fluid
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and lymph

Question 70

Which of these is NOT an example of the importance of water as a solvent?

A)the senses of smell and taste
B)synovial fluid in joints
C)transport of nutrients in the blood
D)excretion of waste products in urine

Question 71

The storage form for glucose in the liver is:

A)glycogen
B)true fats
C)pentose sugars
D)oligosaccharides

Question 72

Swallowing depends upon water as a:

A)solvent
B)lubricant
C)cushion
D)heat absorber

Question 73

The fluid found in spaces between cells is called:

A)lymph
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)tissue fluid

Question 74

The process of sweating depends upon water as a:

A)solvent
B)lubricant
C)transporter
D)heat absorber

Question 75

The excretion of waste products in urine depends upon water as a:

A)solvent
B)lubricant
C)cushion
D)heat absorber

Question 76

Intercellular fluid is found:

A)within cells
B)between cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and around cells

Question 77

The carbohydrates that are part of DNA and RNA are:

A)glucose
B)starch
C)pentose sugars
D)oligosaccharides

Question 78

The disaccharides are sugars that:

A)will be digested and used for energy, such as sucrose
B)will become part of DNA and RNA
C)will be digested for energy, such as fructose
D)are part of specialized enzymes

Question 79

Water can absorb a great deal of heat, and this is important for:

A)sweating to lose excess body heat
B)digestion of very large meals
C)nerve impulse transmission
D)production of RBCs

Question 80

The self antigens on cell membranes are:

A)starch
B)pentose sugars
C)glucose
D)oligosaccharides