Deck 17: Body Temperature and Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to a warm or cold environment? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)In a cold environment, arterioles in the dermis dilate to keep the skin warm.
B)In a warm environment, sweat glands secrete more sweat onto the skin surface.
C)In a cold environment, muscle tone decreases to prevent fatigue and waste of energy.
D)In a warm environment, blood flow through the dermis increases.
E)In a cold environment, digestion speeds up to produce more energy in the form of heat.
F)In a warm and humid environment, vasoconstriction is the most efficient mechanism of heat loss.

Answer 1

In a warm environment, sweat glands secrete more sweat onto the skin surface.
In a warm environment, blood flow through the dermis increases.

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of a fever? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)A substance or pathogen that causes a fever is a pyrogen.
B)A low fever may be beneficial in that WBCs become more active.
C)A pyrogen activates the heat gain mechanisms regulated by the thalamus.
D)A very high fever may cause brain damage because carbohydrates become denatured.
E)Some chemicals produced as part of inflammation are endogenous pyrogens.
F)A fever may be beneficial in that a higher temperature inhibits some bacteria.

Answer 2

A substance or pathogen that causes a fever is a pyrogen.
A low fever may be beneficial in that WBCs become more active.
Some chemicals produced as part of inflammation are endogenous pyrogens.
A fever may be beneficial in that a higher temperature inhibits some bacteria.

Question 3

Five degrees C is closest to ____ degrees F.

A)36
B)41
C)46
D)51

Answer 3

41

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of the use of food molecules other than glucose in cell respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)An amino acid may be changed to pyruvic acid to enter the Krebs cycle.
B)Glycerol is a small molecule that can go directly to the cytochromes.
C)An amino acid may be changed to an acetyl group to enter the Krebs cycle.
D)Fatty acids are changed to pyruvic acid in the process of beta-oxidation.
E)The process of beta-oxidation takes place primarily in the pancreas.
F)Both fatty acids and amino acids may be changed to ketones.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of metabolism? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Catabolic reactions are synthesis or building reactions.
B)Energy production can be measured as heat production, which is measured in kilocalories.
C)An infant has a higher metabolic rate than does an adult, because the infant is much younger.
D)Muscle tissue has a lower metabolic rate than does adipose tissue.
E)Anabolic reactions include the stages of cell respiration.
F)Basal metabolic rate is the energy production of the body at rest.

Question 6

The normal range of human body temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) is:

A)35 to 37
B)34 to 36
C)36 to 38
D)37 to 39

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the molecules in cell respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The molecule that enters glycolysis is glucose.
B)The molecule that enters the Krebs cycle is pyruvic aciD.
C)The molecules that are carried to the cytochromes are hydrogens.
D)The products of glycolysis are pyruvic acid, NADH₂, and ATP.
E)The products of the Krebs cycle are NADH₂, FADH₂, CO₂, and ATP.
F)The products of the cytochrome (electron) transport system are ATP and water.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of human body temperature? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The thermostat of the human body is in the cerebrum, the thinking part of the brain.
B)The normal range of human body temperature is 36^o to 38^oF.
C)Body temperature is usually lowest in the early morning hours.
D)The average person's body temperature fluctuates 3^o to 4^oF in 24 hours.
E)Most heat comes from cell respiration, which is the production of ATP energy from food molecules.
F)The human thermostat balances heat production and heat loss.

Question 9

In cell respiration, the molecular (nonenergy) product that is useful and remains in the cell is:

A)glucose
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)water

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of the synthesis uses of food molecules? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Amino acids may be used to synthesize the non-essential amino acids.
B)Glucose is used to synthesize glycogen for energy storage.
C)Glycerol is used to synthesize phospholipids for cell membranes.
D)Acetyl groups from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids are used to synthesize cholesterol.
E)Amino acids are used to synthesize proteins.
F)Glucose is used to synthesize the heptose sugars for DNA and RNA.

Question 11

Sixty-eight degrees F is closest to ____ degrees C.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 12

Forty-one degrees F is closest to ____ degrees C.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 13

The equation of cell respiration is: Glucose + ____ $\rightarrow$ ____ + H₂O + ____ + heat.

A)O₂/CO₂/ADP
B)CO₂/O₂/ADP
C)CO₂/O₂/ATP
D)O₂/CO₂/ATP

Question 14

Twenty degrees C is closest to ____ degrees F.

A)56
B)60
C)64
D)68

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true of temperature fluctuations in individuals?

A)Infants tend to retain heat and have higher body temperatures.
B)The lowest body temperature usually occurs during sleep.
C)In the elderly, temperature regulation may not be as efficient as it is in younger adults.
D)Exercise tends to increase body temperature.

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of the stages of cell respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.
B)The enzymes for the Krebs citric acid cycle are in the cytoplasm of the cell.
C)The cytochromes of the electron transport system are in the mitochondria.
D)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle but not for glycolysis.
E)Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain but not for the Krebs cyclE
F)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle but not for the electron transport chain or for glycolysis.

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of the calorie content of foods? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)A gram of fat has 6 calories.
B)A gram of carbohydrate has 5 calories.
C)A gram of protein has 4 calories.
D)A snack with 5 grams of fat, 15 grams of carbohydrate, and 2 grams of protein has 113 calories.
E)A snack with 3 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrate, and 4 grams of protein has 95 calories.
F)A snack with 20 grams of fat, 10 grams of carbohydrate, and 10 grams of protein has 260 calories.

Question 18

The normal range of human body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) is:

A)96 to 98
B)96.5 to 99.5
C)97 to 98
D)98.5 to 99.9

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of heat production and heat loss? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The skin is a large organ and produces 30% of the body's total heat.
B)The liver is a large organ and produces 20% of the body's total heat.
C)Heat production is a constant process because ATP production is a constant process.
D)Skeletal muscles produce heat only during exercise.
E)The process of sweating brings about heat loss by way of diffusion.
F)Most heat that is lost from the body is lost through the skin.
G)Blood is warmed by passage through active organs and carries heat to cooler body areas.
H)Small amounts of body heat are lost with exhalations.

Question 20

In a 24-hour period, an individual's body temperature normally fluctuates ____ degrees F.

A)0 to 0.5
B)0 to 1.0
C)1.0 to 4.0
D)1.0 to 2.0

Question 21

The disadvantage of sweating as a heat-loss mechanism is:

A)loss of water
B)potential dehydration
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and retention of sodium

Question 22

In cell respiration, the energy product that is used for cellular work is:

A)ATP
B)ADP
C)heat
D)light

Question 23

Air currents that take warm air away from the body surface provide heat loss by the process of:

A)conduction
B)convection
C)sweating
D)radiation

Question 24

The skeletal muscles produce a significant amount of body heat at rest because of their:

A)muscle sense
B)muscle tone
C)coordination
D)sensory impulses

Question 25

Vasodilation in the dermis will ____ the flow of blood near the body surface and thereby ____ the loss of heat.

A)increase/decrease
B)decrease/decrease
C)increase/increase
D)decrease/increase

Question 26

In a warm environment, the arterioles in the dermis will:

A)dilate to release heat
B)dilate to conserve heat
C)constrict to conserve heat
D)constrict to release heat

Question 27

Some body heat is lost by way of the respiratory tract by:

A)exhalation of carbon dioxide
B)evaporation of water in exhaled air
C)evaporation of water in inhaled air
D)inhalation of oxygen

Question 28

Sweating cools the body by the process of:

A)conduction
B)convection
C)evaporation
D)radiation

Question 29

In a cold environment, the arterioles in the dermis will:

A)dilate to release heat
B)dilate to conserve heat
C)constrict to release heat
D)constrict to conserve heat

Question 30

Vasoconstriction in the dermis will ____ the flow of blood near the body surface and thereby ____ the loss of heat.

A)increase/decrease
B)decrease/decrease
C)increase/increase
D)decrease/increase

Question 31

The hormone that is most important for daily regulation of cell respiration and heat production is:

A)aldosterone
B)norepinephrine
C)epinephrine
D)thyroxine

Question 32

Thyroxine is an important hormone that regulates heat production because it:

A)increases muscle contractions
B)decreases the activity of the digestive tract
C)decreases the rate of cell respiration
D)increases the rate of cell respiration

Question 33

Vasoconstriction in the dermis will:

A)increase the loss of body heat by sweating
B)decrease the loss of body heat by sweating
C)increase the loss of body heat by radiation
D)decrease the loss of body heat by radiation

Question 34

In cell respiration, the energy product that contributes to body temperature is:

A)ATP
B)ADP
C)heat
D)light

Question 35

Vasodilation in the dermis will:

A)increase the loss of body heat by radiation
B)decrease the loss of body heat by sweating
C)increase the loss of body heat by sweating
D)decrease the loss of body heat by radiation

Question 36

The hormone that is most important for increasing the rate of cell respiration and heat production during stressful situations is:

A)aldosterone
B)norepinephrine
C)epinephrine
D)thyroxine

Question 37

In cell respiration, the molecular product that is a waste product is:

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide
C)water
D)heat

Question 38

Which statement is NOT true of the skin and temperature regulation?

A)Sweating promotes heat loss by the process of radiation.
B)Vasoconstriction in the dermis occurs in cold environments.
C)Convection involves air currents that move warm air away from the skin.
D)Blood flow through the skin determines how much heat will be lost.

Question 39

A windy 50s°F day feels cooler than a still 50°F day because of the process of:

A)conduction
B)convection
C)evaporation
D)radiation

Question 40

Much of the body's heat is produced by active organs, especially the:

A)liver and skeletal muscles
B)skeletal muscles and brain
C)brain and heart
D)heart and liver

Question 41

A fever-producing substance that is produced by a person's own cells is called a(n):

A)exogenous pyrogen
B)heat-induction factor
C)endogenous pyrogen
D)thermal intrinsic factor

Question 42

When the humidity is high, ____ is not an effective mechanism of heat loss.

A)vasoconstriction
B)vasodilation
C)sweating
D)convection

Question 43

Vasodilation in the dermis is NOT an effective heat-loss mechanism when:

A)the atmospheric humidity is high
B)the atmospheric humidity is low
C)the environmental temperature is warmer than body temperature
D)the environmental temperature is colder than body temperature

Question 44

Substances that cause fevers are called ____ and include ____.

A)pyrogens/bacteria
B)antipyretics/viruses
C)antipyretics/bacteria
D)pyrogens/red blood cells

Question 45

The part of the brain that regulates body temperature is the:

A)cerebrum
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)medulla

Question 46

In a warm environment, less heat will be produced because:

A)muscle tone decreases
B)breathing rate decreases
C)breathing rate increases
D)muscle tone increases

Question 47

In a warm environment, decreased muscle tone will decrease ____, and dermal vasodilation will increase ____.

A)heat production/heat production
B)heat loss/heat production
C)heat production/heat loss
D)heat loss/heat loss

Question 48

When the environmental temperature is as warm as body temperature, ____ is not an effective mechanism of heat loss.

A)vasoconstriction
B)vasodilation
C)sweating
D)all of these

Question 49

Substances that cause fevers are called:

A)pyrogens
B)pyrotechnics
C)pyromaniacs
D)antipyretics

Question 50

Which of these is NOT a response to a warm environment?

A)increased sweating
B)vasodilation in muscles
C)decreased muscle tone
D)vasodilation in the dermis

Question 51

The hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body because it:

A)produces heat when the body is too cold
B)gives off heat when the body is too warm
C)regulates heat-production and heat-loss responses by the body
D)keeps the body at a constant temperature of 35°C

Question 52

In a cold environment, more heat will be produced because:

A)muscle tone decreases
B)breathing rate decreases
C)breathing rate increases
D)muscle tone increases

Question 53

In a cold environment, shivering will increase ____, and dermal vasoconstriction will decrease ____.

A)heat production/heat loss
B)heat loss/heat loss
C)heat production/heat production
D)heat loss/heat production

Question 54

Sweating is NOT an effective heat-loss mechanism when:

A)the atmospheric humidity is high
B)the atmospheric humidity is low
C)the environmental temperature is warmer than body temperature
D)the environmental temperature is lower than body temperature

Question 55

An endogenous pyrogen is one that is produced by:

A)bacteria
B)a person's own cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and by viruses

Question 56

All of these may cause fevers except:

A)cells of the stratum corneum
B)bacteria
C)chemicals released by damaged cells
D)viruses

Question 57

Which statement is NOT true of fevers?

A)High fevers may cause brain damage because proteins become denatured.
B)Pyrogens include viruses, bacteria, and chemicals released by damaged tissues.
C)WBCs become more efficient during low fevers, and this may be beneficial.
D)A pyrogen causes a fever by activating the heat-loss mechanisms regulated by the hypothalamus.

Question 58

Which of these is NOT a response to a cold environment?

A)decreased sweating
B)vasoconstriction in the dermis
C)increased muscle tone
D)decreased muscle tone

Question 59

The term for synthesis reactions in the body is:

A)anabolism
B)metabolism
C)catabolism
D)metabolic rate

Question 60

A high fever may cause brain damage because ____ lose their shapes.

A)proteins
B)enzymes
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and glucose molecules

Question 61

The term for decomposition reactions in the body is:

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)metabolism
D)metabolic rate

Question 62

Glycolysis takes place in the ____ of the cell, and oxygen ____ requireD.

A)cytoplasm/is
B)mitochondria/is
C)cytoplasm/is not
D)mitochondria/is not

Question 63

The units of measure for the energy content of foods are:

A)degrees
B)grams
C)kilodegrees
D)kilocalories

Question 64

In cell respiration, oxygen is NOT required for:

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)A and B only

Question 65

The Krebs cycle takes place in the ____ of cells, and oxygen ____ requireD.

A)cytoplasm/is
B)mitochondria/is
C)cytoplasm/is not
D)mitochondria/is not

Question 66

Which statement is NOT true of the stages of cell respiration?

A)Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and begins with a molecule of glucose.
B)The Krebs cycle takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.
C)The cytochromes are proteins found in the mitochondria.
D)The cytochrome (electron) transport system requires oxygen.

Question 67

In the cell respiration of glucose, carbon dioxide is formed during which stage?

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)all three stages

Question 68

Catabolism is the collective term for:

A)synthesis reactions
B)reversible reactions
C)decomposition reactions
D)energy-requiring reactions

Question 69

In the cell respiration of glucose, most of the ATP is formed during which stage?

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)none of these, all stages are equal

Question 70

The cytochrome (electron) transport system takes place in the ____ of cells, and oxygen ____ requireD.

A)cytoplasm/is
B)mitochondria/is
C)cytoplasm/is not
D)mitochondria/is not

Question 71

Metabolism is the collective term for:

A)synthesis reactions
B)decomposition reactions
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and all other reactions in the body

Question 72

Anabolism is the collective term for:

A)synthesis reactions
B)reversible reactions
C)decomposition reactions
D)energy-producing reactions

Question 73

In the cell respiration of glucose, ATP is formed during which stage?

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)all three stages

Question 74

The stage of cell respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm of cells is:

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)all of these

Question 75

The stages of cell respiration that take place in the mitochondria of cells are:

A)glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
B)the Krebs cycle and the cytochrome (electron) transport system
C)the cytochrome (electron)transport system and glycolysis
D)all three stages

Question 76

The term for the total heat production by the body is:

A)anabolic rate
B)catabolic rate
C)metabolic rate
D)energy rate

Question 77

In the cell respiration of glucose, pyruvic acid is formed during which stage?

A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)all three stages

Question 78

Kilocalories (or more simply, calories) are a measure of:

A)the energy content of food
B)the fat factor of food
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the growth potential of food

Question 79

In cell respiration, oxygen is required for:

A)glycolysis
B)glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
C)the Krebs cycle and the cytochrome (electron) transport system
D)the cytochrome (electron) transport system and glycolysis

Question 80

Which statement is NOT true of metabolic rate?

A)The elderly usually have lower metabolic rates.
B)Stress situations decrease the metabolic rate to conserve energy.
C)Heat production is measured in kilocalories.
D)The basal metabolic rate is the heat production when the body is at rest.