Deck 13: The Vascular System

Question 1

In veins, the outer layer is thinner than in arteries because:

A)blood will not clot in veins
B)the blood pressure in veins is so low that rupture is unlikely
C)it has to help prevent backflow of blood
D)blood pressure is high in veins

Answer 1

the blood pressure in veins is so low that rupture is unlikely

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of the maintenance of blood pressure (BP)? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)If more blood returns to the heart, the ventricles contract more forcefully to pump it out, and this raises BP.
B)The hormone ADH helps the kidneys conserve water and helps prevent a decrease in BP.
C)The elasticity of the large arteries helps decrease diastolic BP.
D)If BP decreases, filtration in the kidneys decreases.
E)Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na⁺ ions by the kidneys, which lowers BP.
F)If BP decreases, the kidneys secrete the enzyme renin, which stimulates the secretion of epinephrine to prevent a further decrease.
G)Norepinephrine stimulates vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal muscles, all of which lower BP.
H)The hormone ANP increases the excretion of K⁺ ions by the kidneys, which helps conserve water and raise BP.

Answer 2

If more blood returns to the heart, the ventricles contract more forcefully to pump it out, and this raises BP.
The hormone ADH helps the kidneys conserve water and helps prevent a decrease in BP.
If BP decreases, filtration in the kidneys decreases.

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of pulmonary circulation? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)This pathway of circulation begins at the right ventricle and ends at the right atrium.
B)Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is 30 to 35 mmHg.
C)Gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries depends on the process of filtration.
D)The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the right atrium.
E)None are correct.

Answer 3

None are correct.

Question 4

The layer in the wall of an artery that helps maintain blood pressure is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of venous return? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Starling's law of the heart depends upon venous return.
B)Venous return is the volume of blood the veins return to the heart.
C)Ordinary walking increases venous return because it increases the skeletal muscle pump.
D)Breathing faster and deeper will increase venous return.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the nervous regulation of blood pressure (BP)? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The vasomotor center is in the hypothalamus of the brain.
B)Pressoreceptors throughout the length of the aorta detect changes in BP.
C)The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves are sensory for BP changes.
D)Increased vasoconstriction, to raise BP, is brought about by an increase in sympathetic impulses to the walls of arteries.
E)Nervous regulation of BP is a negative feedback mechanism.
F)If BP is high and must be brought back to normal, heart rate will decrease and vasodilation will occur.

Question 7

The layer in the wall of an artery that is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of fetal circulation? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The foramen ovale permits fetal blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle.
B)The ductus arteriosus permits fetal blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
C)Gases, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged between fetal blood and maternal blood in the placenta.
D)The two umbilical veins take blood directly to the fetal heart.
E)The two umbilical arteries take blood from the fetus to the placentA
F)Shortly after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and the flap of the foramen ovale closes.

Question 9

The function of the lining of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP by raising it
B)prevent abnormal clotting
C)help maintain BP by lowering it
D)keep the blood moving

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of arteries and veins? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Venous anastomoses ensure that oxygenated blood will get to tissues.
B)The endothelium of both arteries and veins contributes to the prevention of abnormal clotting.
C)The smooth muscle layer of veins is thicker than that of arteries because veins are farther from the heart.
D)Only veins have valves, which keep the blood moving between heartbeats.
E)The fibrous connective tissue layer of arteries is relatively thin because the blood is moving fast.
F)Arterial anastomoses ensure that blood will be able to return to the heart.

Question 11

The function of the outer layer of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP
B)prevent rupture
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to anchor the artery in place

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of capillaries? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Their walls are made of simple squamous epithelium.
B)Blood plasma in capillaries becomes tissue fluid by the process of filtration.
C)The process of osmosis returns some tissue fluid to the blood at the venous end of capillaries.
D)The process of filtration brings dissolved nutrients to tissues.
E)The colloid osmotic pressure of blood is created by plasma proteins such as albumin.
F)The flow of blood into a capillary network is regulated by a precapillary sphincter.

Question 13

The tissues of the wall of an artery or vein, in order from innermost to outermost, are:

A)smooth muscle, simple squamous epithelium, elastic connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelium, smooth muscle, fibrous connective tissue
C)fibrous connective tissue, smooth muscle, simple squamous epithelium
D)smooth muscle, fibrous connective tissue, elastic connective tissue

Question 14

The function of valves in veins is to:

A)help pump blood
B)keep the blood moving
C)prevent blood from flowing too fast
D)prevent backflow of blood

Question 15

The function of the middle layer of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP
B)prevent rupture
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to prevent abnormal clotting

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to a small loss of blood? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Heart rate will increase.
B)Vasoconstriction will take place.
C)Filtration in the kidneys will increase.
D)Breathing will decrease to conserve energy.

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of hepatic portal circulation? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The liver is essential because its two sets of capillaries help regulate blood pressure.
B)Blood from the digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart.
C)As blood flows through the liver, excess glucose is stored as glycogen.
D)The liver is a storage site for iron and the water-soluble vitamins.

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of the locations of arteries and veins? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The femoral artery and vein are in the thigh.
B)The common iliac veins empty into the superior vena cava.
C)The celiac artery branches into the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
D)The right and left common carotid arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
E)The jugular veins drain blood from the shoulders and arms.
F)The renal arteries are branches of the thoracic aorta.

Question 19

The layer in the wall of a vein that is folded into valves is the:

A)lining
B)middle layer
C)outer layer
D)smooth muscle layer

Question 20

The layer in the wall of an artery that prevents rupture of the artery is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 21

In capillaries, filtration is the process by which:

A)nutrients are brought to tissues
B)waste products are brought into the blood
C)gases are exchanged
D)A and B only

Question 22

In capillaries, nutrients dissolved in plasma are brought to tissues by the process of:

A)filtration
B)diffusion
C)osmosis
D)phagocytosis

Question 23

In capillaries, diffusion is the process by which:

A)nutrients are brought to tissues
B)waste products are brought to tissues
C)hormones exert their effects
D)gases are exchanged

Question 24

The function of the lining in both arteries and veins is to:

A)prevent abnormal clotting
B)prevent backflow of blood
C)help maintain blood pressure
D)prevent the blood from flowing too fast

Question 25

In capillaries, osmosis is the process by which:

A)tissue fluid is formed
B)tissue fluid flows into capillaries
C)hormones exert their effects
D)A and B only

Question 26

The tissue of which capillaries are made is:

A)simple squamous epithelium
B)smooth muscle
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 27

An arterial anastomosis is important because it:

A)provides another pathway for blood to return to the heart
B)provides another pathway for blood to leave the capillaries of an organ
C)provides another pathway for blood to get to the capillaries of an organ
D)exchanges materials between blood and tissues

Question 28

Anastomoses are important if a blood vessel becomes blocked because they:

A)exert force to remove the blockage
B)exchange materials between blood and tissues
C)help prevent an increase in blood pressure
D)provide other pathways for the flow of blood

Question 29

An anastomosis in the vascular system is a connection between:

A)two arteries or two veins
B)two capillaries
C)arteries and capillaries
D)veins and capillaries

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT have capillary networks?

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)the epidermis
C)the iris of the eye
D)adipose tissue

Question 31

A venous anastomosis is important because it:

A)provides another pathway for blood to leave the heart
B)provides another pathway for blood to return to the heart
C)provides another pathway for blood to get to the capillaries of an organ
D)exchanges materials between blood and tissues

Question 32

Capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium because this tissue is:

A)strong, to resist high blood pressure
B)thin, to permit exchanges of materials
C)elastic, to prevent ruptures
D)thick, to prevent leaking

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT have capillary networks?

A)bone
B)skeletal muscle
C)cartilage
D)dermis of the skin

Question 34

Capillaries carry blood from:

A)arteries to arterioles
B)veins to the heart
C)venules to arterioles
D)arterioles to venules

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of capillaries?

A)They are made of simple squamous epithelium that is thin.
B)Their function is to exchange materials between the blood and the tissue fluid (or cells).
C)Gases are exchanged by the process of osmosis.
D)They are found in networks in most tissues.

Question 36

In capillaries, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by the process of:

A)osmosis
B)phagocytosis
C)filtration
D)diffusion

Question 37

Which statement is NOT true of the structure of arteries and veins?

A)The outer layer is fibrous connective tissue that prevents rupture of arteries.
B)The smooth muscle layer helps regulate blood pressure.
C)The epithelial lining is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting.
D)Valves in veins are made of smooth muscle to help keep the blood moving.

Question 38

Blood flow into capillary networks is regulated by:

A)precapillary sphincters made of fibrous connective tissue
B)postcapillary sphincters made of fibrous connective tissue
C)precapillary sphincters made of smooth muscle
D)postcapillary sphincters made of smooth muscle

Question 39

Arteries carry blood from:

A)capillaries to the heart
B)veins to capillaries
C)veins to the heart
D)the heart to capillaries

Question 40

In capillaries, waste products dissolved in tissue fluid are returned to the blood by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)filtration
D)phagocytosis

Question 41

Which of these is NOT an example of the purpose of hepatic portal circulation?

A)regulation of blood glucose level
B)removal of bilirubin from the blood for excretion
C)regulation of blood pressure
D)removal of iron from the blood for storage

Question 42

All of these arteries are branches of the thoracic aorta except the:

A)intercostal arteries
B)hepatic artery
C)esophageal arteries
D)bronchial arteries

Question 43

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta is the:

A)foramen ovale
B)ductus arteriosus
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen magnum

Question 44

Which statement is NOT true of the circle of Willis?

A)It is an arterial anastomosis.
B)The vertebral arteries contribute to it.
C)It ensures a sufficient blood supply to the brain.
D)The external carotid arteries contribute to it.

Question 45

Which artery is NOT paired with the part of the body to which it supplies blood?

A)superior mesenteric - spleen
B)bronchial - bronchial tubes
C)gastric - stomach
D)hepatic - liver

Question 46

In pulmonary circulation, blood is pumped to the lungs by the:

A)left ventricle
B)right ventricle
C)left atrium
D)right atrium

Question 47

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium is the:

A)foramen ovale
B)ductus arteriosus
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen magnum

Question 48

The superior mesenteric artery is a branch of the:

A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta

Question 49

The purpose of pulmonary circulation is to:

A)take blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange
B)take blood to the body to supply oxygen
C)regulate blood pressure in the lungs and body
D)regulate blood flow and oxygen in systemic capillaries

Question 50

Blood from the digestive organs and spleen flows into the liver through the:

A)inferior vena cava
B)portal vein
C)hepatic artery
D)hepatic vein

Question 51

Blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation and capillaries is:

A)always high, to get sufficient oxygen into the blood
B)always high, to get carbon dioxide out of the alveoli
C)always low, to prevent rupture
D)always low, to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

Question 52

Which artery is NOT paired with the part of the body to which it supplies blood?

A)radial - forearm
B)anterior tibial - lower leg
C)brachial - shoulder
D)femoral - thigh

Question 53

All of these arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta except the:

A)celiac artery
B)inferior mesenteric artery
C)pericardial arteries
D)lumbar arteries

Question 54

Which vein is NOT paired with the part of the body it drains of blood?

A)renal - kidney
B)great saphenous - lower limb
C)ulnar - forearm
D)axillary - abdominal organs

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct pathway of pulmonary circulation?

A)left ventricle to lungs to left atrium
B)left ventricle to lungs to right atrium
C)right ventricle to lungs to right atrium
D)right ventricle to lungs to left atrium

Question 56

The intercostal arteries are branches of the:

A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta

Question 57

Veins carry blood from:

A)arteries to capillaries
B)the heart to capillaries
C)capillaries to arteries
D)capillaries to the heart

Question 58

Which vein is NOT paired with the part of the body it drains of blood?

A)external jugular - neck
B)common iliac - forearm
C)subclavian - shoulder
D)popliteal - knee

Question 59

In portal circulation, blood from the ____ flows through the liver before returning to the ____.

A)digestive organs and spleen/heart
B)heart/lungs
C)heart/digestive organs and spleen
D)lungs/heart

Question 60

The purpose of hepatic portal circulation is to enable the liver to:

A)regulate blood pressure by increasing it
B)remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in urine
C)increase venous return to the heart
D)regulate blood levels of nutrients and other substances

Question 61

Blood flows from the placenta to the fetus through the:

A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical arteries
C)umbilical vein
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 62

Which statement is NOT true of fetal circulation?

A)The foramen ovale permits blood to bypass the fetal liver.
B)The umbilical arteries take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
C)The ductus arteriosus permits blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
D)The placenta is the site of exchanges between maternal blood and fetal blood.

Question 63

The respiratory pump is an important mechanism for venous return for the:

A)jugular veins
B)veins of the arms
C)veins of the legs
D)veins in the thoracic cavity

Question 64

The purpose of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus is to permit most blood to:

A)bypass the fetal liver
B)flow more slowly through the fetal lungs
C)flow through the fetal liver
D)bypass the fetal lungs

Question 65

Which of these is NOT a mechanism that increases venous return?

A)more forceful contraction of the right ventricle
B)the respiratory pump
C)the skeletal muscle pump
D)constriction of the veins themselves

Question 66

In the fetus, the foramen ovale permits blood to flow:

A)from the right atrium to the left atrium
B)from the left atrium to the right atrium
C)from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
D)from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

Question 67

Venous return is important to return blood to the:

A)heart, to maintain cardiac output
B)tissues, to prevent overworking the heart
C)heart, to keep blood pressure low
D)tissues, to supply sufficient oxygen

Question 68

In fetal circulation, most blood bypasses the fetal lungs by way of the:

A)foramen ovale and ductus venosus
B)ductus venosus and umbilical vein
C)umbilical vein and ductus arteriosus
D)ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 69

Which statement is NOT true of fetal circulation?

A)Blood in the umbilical vein is high in oxygen.
B)The ductus venosus takes blood to the umbilical vein.
C)Fetal blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
D)The placenta contains both fetal and maternal vessels.

Question 70

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus permits blood to flow:

A)from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B)from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
C)from the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein
D)from the aorta to the pulmonary vein

Question 71

Exchanges between fetal blood and maternal blood take place in the:

A)placenta
B)umbilical arteries
C)ductus venosus
D)umbilical vein

Question 72

Veins are able to constrict and increase venous return because of their:

A)smooth muscle receiving parasympathetic impulses
B)valves receiving parasympathetic impulses
C)smooth muscle receiving sympathetic impulses
D)valves receiving sympathetic impulses

Question 73

In the fetus, the ductus venosus permits blood to flow:

A)from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
B)from the umbilical artery to the superior vena cava
C)from the umbilical vein to the superior vena cava
D)from the umbilical artery to the inferior vena cava

Question 74

Which statement is true of the effect of the elasticity of the large arteries on BP?

A)It lowers diastolic BP and raises systolic BP.
B)It lowers systolic BP and raises diastolic BP.
C)It lowers both systolic and diastolic BP.
D)It raises both systolic and diastolic BP.

Question 75

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava is the:

A)foramen magnum
B)foramen ovale
C)ductus venosus
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 76

If the large arteries lose their elasticity, systolic BP will be:

A)lower than normal
B)higher than normal
C)erratic and constantly changing
D)unpredictable

Question 77

Blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the:

A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical arteries
C)umbilical vein
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 78

The large arteries have elastic connective tissue in their ____ layer, which is important to ____.

A)middle/help regulate blood pressure
B)outer/help prevent backflow of blood
C)outer/help regulate blood pressure
D)middle/help prevent backflow of blood

Question 79

Which statement is NOT true of venous return?

A)The respiratory pump increases venous return in the veins of the chest cavity.
B)Walking increases venous return in the legs.
C)The smooth muscle of veins enables them to constrict and increase venous return.
D)If venous return decreases, cardiac output will increase to compensate.

Question 80

The skeletal muscle pump is an important mechanism for venous return in the:

A)cranial venous sinuses
B)veins of the legs
C)superior vena cava
D)jugular veins