Deck 9: Key Minerals, Water, and the Nonnutrient Alcohol

Question 1

Copper is a trace mineral, because the

A) liver stores traces of the mineral.
B) daily production of muscle tissue requires 50 to 150 g of the mineral.
C) mineral is difficult to find in the body.
D) body's RDA for copper (adults) is 0.9 mg per day.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true?

A) In their natural forms, most foods are poor sources of minerals.
B) Cells can't metabolize minerals for energy.
C) Typical cooking methods destroy up to 75% of a food's mineral contents.
D) In general, a person's daily needs for essential minerals don't change as he or she grows or enters a new life stage.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration.
B) Total body water doesn't include metabolic water.
C) A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.
D) Vomiting or diarrhea don't alter the body's fluid balance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the human body, water is involved in the

A) storage of water-soluble wastes.
B) regulation of energy metabolism.
C) digestion of food.
D) protection of cell membranes from free radical damage.

Question 5

About _____ % of an average healthy young man's body weight is water.

A) 55 to 60
B) 15 to 20
C) 75 to 80
D) 35 to 40

Question 6

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?

A) Phenylalanine
B) Iron
C) Caffeine
D) Vitamin A

Question 7

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?

A) sodium, copper, and potassium
B) potassium, magnesium, and sodium
C) iron, fluoride, and selenium
D) calcium, phosphorus, and zinc

Question 8

Intracellular water

A) surrounds cells.
B) supplies about 4 kcal/g.
C) is within cells.
D) includes the plasma of blood.

Question 9

In the human body, water is needed to

A) remove wastes.
B) monitor nerve cell function.
C) regulate energy production.
D) dissolve fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 10

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?

A) sodium, copper, and potassium
B) sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
C) selenium, calcium, and phosphorus
D) calcium, zinc, and sodium

Question 11

Extracellular water

A) is within cells.
B) provides cellular energy.
C) includes plasma and tissue fluid.
D) is within the nucleus and DNA.

Question 12

Extracellular water

A) supplies about 4 kcal/g.
B) includes the fluid within cells.
C) regulates metabolic processes.
D) surrounds cells.

Question 13

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals?

A) calcium, magnesium, and sodium
B) sodium, copper, and potassium
C) calcium, phosphorus, and zinc
D) iron, copper, and zinc

Question 14

Iron is a trace mineral, because the

A) daily production of hemoglobin requires 50 to 150 g of the mineral.
B) body's RDA for iron (adult women) is 18 mg/day.
C) mineral is needed in trace amounts.
D) liver stores traces of the mineral.

Question 15

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,

A) sodium ions move into cells.
B) cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.
C) excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces.
D) the body uses the sodium ions for energy.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A) About 30% of an average person's body is water.
B) A person's body water content increases with increasing age.
C) Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue.
D) On average, a healthy young woman has slightly less body water than a healthy young man.

Question 17

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

A) Calcium
B) Alcohol
C) Iron
D) Salt

Question 18

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status. Her cells have difficulty removing excess ions from intracellular fluid. As a result of this condition,

A) extracellular fluid moves into her cells, causing them to swell.
B) her cells die from a lack of intracellular fluid.
C) excess calcium and magnesium ions enter her bloodstream.
D) she develops type 1 diabetes.

Question 19

In the human body, water is needed to

A) transport substances.
B) make glucose from fatty acids.
C) provide energy to fuel cellular activity.
D) protect DNA from free radical damage.

Question 20

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals?

A) potassium, copper, and iron
B) chromium, iodine, and selenium
C) magnesium, zinc, and sodium
D) calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

Question 21

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

A) Cesium
B) Calcium
C) Aluminum
D) Selenium

Question 22

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A) Whole-wheat bread
B) Butter
C) Baked white potato, in skin
D) Leaf lettuce

Question 23

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

A) Leaf lettuce
B) Corn oil
C) Apple with skin
D) Whole-wheat bread

Question 24

____ is a trace mineral in your body.

A) Copper
B) Sulfur
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium

Question 25

Which of the following foods is a good source of calcium?

A) Fried chicken
B) Fat-free yogurt
C) Red delicious apples
D) Ground beef

Question 26

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

A) salivary glands
B) tonsils
C) kidneys
D) parathyroid glands

Question 27

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A) Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants.
B) The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process.
C) The relatively high temperature that's needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables.
D) The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.

Question 28

Lydia's diet lacks _____, which is classified as a major mineral.

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) selenium
D) iron

Question 29

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A) Tomato
B) Whole-wheat bread
C) Apple with skin
D) Corn oil

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight.
B) Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.
C) Beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.
D) Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.

Question 31

____ is a major mineral in your body.

A) Iodine
B) Iron
C) Zinc
D) Potassium

Question 32

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young men is approximately _____ cups/day.

A) 25.5
B) 15.5
C) 18 to 20.5
D) 4 to 6.5

Question 33

The body eliminates water through the

A) lungs.
B) spleen.
C) lymphatic system.
D) liver.

Question 34

Derek's diet contains high amounts of _____, which is classified as a major mineral.

A) iodine
B) phosphorus
C) lithium
D) iron

Question 35

Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. To help reduce her risk of this condition, Jade should

A) avoid foods such as kale and frozen yogurt.
B) consume more iron-rich foods.
C) reduce her physical activity level.
D) avoid smoking cigarettes.

Question 36

While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron may have been

A) experiencing delayed alcohol metabolism disorder.
B) suffering from acute alcoholism.
C) experiencing dehydration.
D) suffering from ion overload syndrome.

Question 37

____ is a trace mineral in your body.

A) Calcium
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Zinc

Question 38

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young women is approximately _____ cups/day.

A) 25.5
B) 15.5
C) 18.0
D) 11.0

Question 39

The body eliminates excess water through the

A) spleen.
B) thyroid gland.
C) skin.
D) lymphatic system.

Question 40

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from

A) kidney failure.
B) heat cramps.
C) brain cancer.
D) water intoxication.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
B) Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it's needed.
C) Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.
D) Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

Question 42

Which of the following activities is "weight-bearing"?

A) Watching TV
B) Swimming laps
C) Lying down
D) Lifting weights

Question 43

Roberto has a tumor in one his parathyroid glands that's causing the gland to secrete too much parathyroid hormone. Based on this information, which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect him to be experiencing?

A) Elevated blood triglyceride levels
B) High blood levels of calcium
C) Bones with higher than normal sodium stores
D) Bones with higher than normal mineral density

Question 44

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) A 40-year-old, white woman who has a large body frame and plays singles tennis twice a week.
B) A tall 35-year-old African-American woman who consumes 3 cups of dairy products daily.
C) A 30-year-old Hispanic-American man who plays basketball 5 days a week.
D) A sedentary white male college student who smokes cigarettes.

Question 45

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ____ is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant women.

A) iron
B) chloride
C) magnesium
D) chromium

Question 46

Calcitonin

A) signals certain bone cells to remove excess calcium from blood.
B) enables glucose to enter cells.
C) increases iodine absorption in the small intestine.
D) increases the kidney's rate of potassium excretion.

Question 47

Osteoporosis is characterized by

A) defective collagen production.
B) destruction of epithelial cells.
C) immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin.
D) loss of bone mass.

Question 48

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic.

A) consume fluoridated water
B) drink three alcoholic beverages daily
C) exercise regularly
D) have African-American ancestry

Question 49

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic.

A) smoke cigarettes
B) consume kale, spinach, and yogurt
C) have African-American ancestry
D) exercise regularly

Question 50

____ is needed for normal bone development and maintenance.

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Estrogen

Question 51

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ____ is a nutrient of public health concern.

A) sulfur
B) calcium
C) chromium
D) copper

Question 52

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A) After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.
B) A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.
C) The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body.
D) Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.

Question 53

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic.

A) avoid alcohol
B) consume fluoridated water
C) exercise regularly
D) have anorexia nervosa

Question 54

Performing weight-bearing exercise can

A) strengthen bones.
B) delay the development of goiter.
C) reduce the body's need for iron.
D) increase intestinal absorption of zinc.

Question 55

Parathyroid hormone

A) signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream.
B) enables glucose to enter cells.
C) enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.
D) increases the body's rate of potassium excretion.

Question 56

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than ____ per day.

A) 10 mg
B) 2300 mg
C) 150 mg
D) 3000 mg

Question 57

Which of the following statements is false?

A) People with Asian ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with African ancestry.
B) Physical activities such as jumping rope, walking, and jogging help keep bones strong.
C) Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.
D) People who have large body frames have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who have small body frames.

Question 58

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ____ is a nutrient of public health concern.

A) chloride
B) chromium
C) potassium
D) magnesium

Question 59

Foods that contain calcium that has high bioavailability include

A) sweet potatoes.
B) collard greens.
C) fresh spinach.
D) reduced-fat yogurt.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.
B) Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
C) People with African ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with Asian or white ancestry.
D) Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.

Question 61

____ is a major risk factor for hypertension.

A) Consuming a potassium-rich diet
B) Being underweight
C) Smoking cigarettes
D) Having Asian ancestry

Question 62

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

A) Sodium
B) Copper
C) Fluoride
D) Iron

Question 63

Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of

A) selenium.
B) sodium.
C) potassium.
D) magnesium.

Question 64

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of

A) zinc.
B) potassium.
C) iron.
D) calcium.

Question 65

In the United States, many communities add very small amounts of ____to their public water supplies, because the mineral strengthens teeth.

A) iodide
B) phosphorus
C) fluoride
D) calcium

Question 66

Since she was a 2-year-old, Gina has been drinking well water that contains a high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have

A) type 1 diabetes.
B) stained teeth.
C) iron-deficiency anemia.
D) hair loss.

Question 67

Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium?

A) Soy sauce
B) Dill pickles
C) Orange juice
D) Canned soup

Question 68

Joseph has hypertension. The last time he measured his blood pressure, the reading was ____ mm Hg.

A) 95/110
B) 148/92
C) 121/82
D) 110/78

Question 69

Because Lonnie doesn't like to cook, he eats fast food at least three times a week. When he doesn't eat fast food, he opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, he prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of

A) hypothyroidism.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) hypertension.
D) metabolic syndrome.

Question 70

Ricky has prehypertension, because his blood pressure readings are consistently around

A) 128/88 mm Hg.
B) 117/65 mm Hg.
C) 90/120 mm Hg.
D) 142/92 mm Hg.

Question 71

The prevalence of _____ tends to be higher in populations that consume diets rich in sodium.

A) hypertension
B) goiter
C) diabetes
D) fluorosis

Question 72

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

A) Fluoride
B) Potassium
C) Copper
D) Iron

Question 73

_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet.

A) Fresh fruit
B) Whole milk
C) Processed food
D) Tap water

Question 74

Christy uses a form of calcitonin to treat a hormonal disorder. If she didn't have the treatment, she would be likely to develop _____.

A) gallbladder stones
B) weak bones that break easily
C) a form of anemia that iron can't cure
D) type 2 diabetes

Question 75

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

A) Catsup
B) Cured ham
C) Hot dog
D) Banana

Question 76

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

A) Asian Americans
B) Non-Hispanic white Americans
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older.
B) "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.
C) Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.
D) A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range.

Question 78

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A) 118/69 mm Hg
B) 80/120 mm Hg
C) 70/120 mm Hg
D) 145/60 mm Hg

Question 79

In the United States, _____ have a high risk of hypertension.

A) African Americans
B) young, physically active non-Hispanic white males
C) teens who consume large amounts of fruit
D) college-age non-Hispanic white females who do not drink alcohol

Question 80

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A) 145/60 mm Hg
B) 80/120 mm Hg
C) 117/69 mm Hg
D) 70/120 mm Hg