Deck 8: Vitamins: Nutrients That Multitask

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
B) Most vitamins can be made by the human body.
C) The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
D) Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Vitamins are organic micronutrients.
B) Foods generally supply larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.
C) Vitamins D and A are water soluble.
D) Your body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an)

A) amino acid.
B) teratogen.
C) free radical.
D) antioxidant.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

A) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
B) In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
C) The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
D) The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 5

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

A) Carcinogens
B) Megadoses
C) Antioxidants
D) Coenzymes

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

A) Vitamins don't occur naturally in foods.
B) Vitamins are safe to consume, so you should consider taking megadoses of the micronutrients to achieve optimal health.
C) Compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins.
D) Thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid are fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 7

Damon has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, he takes an antibiotic every day. Despite his illness, Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate, and he exercises regularly. Based on this information, Damon may need to

A) take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K.
B) eat more vitamin-C rich foods.
C) consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids.
D) reduce his protein intake.

Question 8

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A) Vitamins B-12 and B-6
B) Niacin and thiamin
C) Pantothenic acid and vitamin A
D) Vitamins D and E

Question 9

A(An) _____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA.

A) coenzyme
B) carotenoid
C) free radical
D) intrinsic factor

Question 10

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A) Thiamin
B) Choline
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B-6

Question 11

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A) Vitamins K, D, and A
B) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
C) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E
D) Pantothenic acid, vitamin E, and choline

Question 12

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A) Thiamin, vitamin K, and niacin
B) Vitamin D, A, and E
C) Vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C
D) Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

Question 13

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E
B) Vitamins K, D, and E
C) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
D) Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline

Question 14

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A) Vitamins K, E, and D
B) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E
C) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
D) Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline

Question 15

A(An)_____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A) free radical
B) coenzyme
C) antioxidant
D) intrinsic factor

Question 16

Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?

A) Pancreatic amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Bile
D) Hydrochloric acid

Question 17

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

A) Beta-carotene
B) Alpha-tocopherol
C) Biotin
D) Collagen

Question 18

The human body can absorb some _____ that's made by intestinal bacteria.

A) vitamin C
B) beta-carotene
C) biotin
D) riboflavin

Question 19

The body can store large amounts of ____ in the liver.

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B-12
C) riboflavin
D) thiamin

Question 20

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that's made by intestinal bacteria.

A) thiamin
B) vitamin K
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin A

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Vitamins are inorganic substances that the body requires in gram amounts.
B) Poor vision in dim light is an early symptom of vitamin E deficiency.
C) B vitamins are a source of energy for cellular activity.
D) Excessive intakes of vitamin A are toxic.

Question 22

Vitamin A is necessary for the

A) production of carcinogens in the liver.
B) breakdown of collagen in the small intestine.
C) function of rods and cones in the retina.
D) transfer of homocysteine into proteins.

Question 23

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

A) pancreas
B) stomach
C) large intestine
D) small intestine

Question 24

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A) Vitamin B-6
B) Pantothenic acid
C) Niacin
D) Vitamin D

Question 25

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

A) steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.
B) add fat to vegetables during the cooking process.
C) store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air.
D) cook slowly in large amounts of water.

Question 26

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

A) headaches.
B) swollen tongue.
C) night blindness.
D) hair loss.

Question 27

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed

A) rickets.
B) pernicious anemia.
C) carotenemia.
D) kidney failure.

Question 28

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

A) sugar
B) water
C) oil
D) wine

Question 29

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

A) C
B) D
C) B-12
D) E

Question 30

After learning about the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Arthur decided to take a dietary supplement that the Guidelines referred to as a "nutrient of public health concern." Which of the following dietary supplements did Arthur take?

A) Ginger root
B) Vitamin C
C) Choline
D) Vitamin D

Question 31

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

A) Niacin
B) Riboflavin
C) C
D) D

Question 32

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B-12
C) Pantothenic acid
D) Vitamin C

Question 33

Which of the following foods is a rich dietary source of beta-carotene?

A) Canned salmon
B) Baked chicken
C) Pumpkin pie
D) Sliced ham

Question 34

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A) Vitamin D
B) Pantothenic acid
C) Vitamin B-6
D) Riboflavin

Question 35

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

A) Mushrooms
B) Celery
C) Chicken
D) Peaches

Question 36

In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

A) beriberi.
B) megaloblastic anemia.
C) blindness.
D) spina bifida.

Question 37

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A) Enriched breads
B) Deli meats
C) Fortified milk
D) Fresh fruits

Question 38

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

A) B-12
B) A
C) B-6
D) K

Question 39

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A) Steaming in a vegetable steamer
B) Boiling in a saucepan of water
C) Microwaving in little or no water
D) Stir-frying in a small amount of oil

Question 40

In the body, vitamin A helps

A) insulin enter cells.
B) reduce collagen synthesis.
C) the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus.
D) maintain epithelial cells.

Question 41

____ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.

A) Alpha-tocopherol
B) Retinol
C) Beta-carotene
D) Ascorbic acid

Question 42

Most B vitamins function as

A) structural components of body cells.
B) hormones.
C) chemical messengers.
D) parts of coenzymes.

Question 43

Blake doesn't have time to plan a varied diet that includes nutrient-dense items from all food groups. He thinks the vitamin supplement he takes each day will keep him healthy, because it contains all B vitamins and vitamin

A) vitamin E
B) thiamin
C) vitamin A
C) Lately, he's been having trouble coordinating his muscular movements and he seems to get infections easily. Based on this information, Blake probably has a ____ deficiency.
D) biotin

Question 44

_____ is a sign of vitamin E deficiency in humans.

A) Diarrhea
B) Skin redness
C) Difficulty walking
D) Irritability

Question 45

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K?

A) Fresh ground beef
B) Fresh peaches
C) Enriched hamburger buns
D) Soybean oil

Question 46

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A) Deli meats
B) Enriched breads
C) Green leafy vegetables
D) Citrus fruits

Question 47

Vitamin D helps the body absorb

A) magnesium and iodine.
B) sodium and potassium.
C) iron and copper.
D) phosphorus and calcium.

Question 48

The liver needs _____ to make certain blood clotting factors.

A) homocysteine
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) riboflavin

Question 49

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A) D
B) A
C) E
D) Thiamin

Question 50

Which of the following foods is a naturally good source of vitamin D?

A) Fatty fish and fish oils
B) Dark orange and yellow vegetables
C) Whole-grain breads and cereals
D) Red meat

Question 51

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She's not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of

A) beriberi.
B) osteomalacia.
C) pellegra.
D) scurvy.

Question 52

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E?

A) Fat-free milk
B) Sunflower seeds
C) Ground turkey
D) Fresh apples

Question 53

The human body needs vitamin K to

A) absorb phosphorus from foods.
B) release the energy stored in glucose.
C) produce blood clotting factors.
D) make DNA.

Question 54

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

A) D
B) K
C) E
D) B-12

Question 55

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in

A) deposition of calcium in soft tissues.
B) increased blood clot formation.
C) no particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine.
D) megaloblastic anemia.

Question 56

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E?

A) safflower oil
B) Fat-free milk
C) White bread
D) Ground beef

Question 57

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K?

A) Citrus fruit
B) Spinach salad
C) Enriched breads
D) Roast chicken

Question 58

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

A) Safflower oil
B) Sunflower seeds
C) Ground beef
D) Olive oil

Question 59

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

A) vitamin C; collagen breakdown
B) thiamin; beriberi
C) vitamin K; bleeding
D) niacin; pellagra

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults.
B) Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
C) Hair loss is the primary sign of vitamin D deficiency.
D) Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children.

Question 61

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A) K
B) A
C) Ascorbic acid
D) Niacin

Question 62

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

A) Fruits
B) Fats and oils
C) Vegetables
D) Dairy products

Question 63

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A) Fresh spinach
B) Enriched bread
C) Iceberg lettuce
D) Whole milk

Question 64

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should

A) increase his vitamin B-6 intake, because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working.
B) discontinue taking vitamin B-6, because his body doesn't require the micronutrient.
C) stop taking vitamin B-6, because he's showing signs and having symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity.
D) continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6, because his body needs more time to heal.

Question 65

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A) Niacin
B) Riboflavin
C) Thiamin
D) Folate

Question 66

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A) night blindness.
B) heartburn.
C) dermatitis.
D) weak bones.

Question 67

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A) night blindness.
B) diarrhea.
C) edema.
D) dry cough.

Question 68

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that directly participates in energy metabolism?

A) A
B) K
C) Riboflavin
D) Folate

Question 69

Which of the following groups of foods includes items that are good sources of riboflavin?

A) Oils
B) Grains
C) Vegetables
D) Fruits

Question 70

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A) Thiamin
B) Riboflavin
C) Niacin
D) A

Question 71

Which of the following foods is a rich source of riboflavin?

A) Canned peaches
B) Fat-free milk
C) Fresh tomatoes
D) Corn oil

Question 72

Which of the following foods is a rich source of thiamin?

A) Canned peaches
B) Olive oil
C) Wheat germ
D) Fat-free milk

Question 73

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

A) riboflavin
B) niacin
C) vitamin D
D) thiamin

Question 74

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

A) Riboflavin
B) C
C) Choline
D) K

Question 75

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that

A) metabolizes vitamin
B) transmits nervous impulses.
C) helps form DNA.
D) protects fatty acids from oxidation.
E)

Question 76

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A) weak bones.
B) night blindness.
C) heartburn.
D) dementia.

Question 77

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine. His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

A) B-6
B) C
C) D
D) A

Question 78

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

A) Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
B) Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues.
C) Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who don't take such high doses of the vitamin.
D) Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins.

Question 79

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends. She plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Libby should

A) keep the milk in the refrigerator until it's time to serve it.
B) add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it.
C) pour the milk into a clear glass container and place it on the picnic table.
D) heat the milk to the boiling point, and let it cool before serving it.

Question 80

Humans need vitamin B-6 for

A) vitamin C synthesis.
B) carbohydrate excretion.
C) amino acid metabolism.
D) magnesium absorption.