Deck 6: Lipids: Focusing on Fats and Cholesterol

Question 1

Which of the following substances is not an omega-3 fatty?

A) Alpha-linolenic acid
B) Linoleic acid
C) Eicosapentaenoic acid
D) Docosahexaenoic acid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

A) Butter fat
B) Palm oil
C) Chicken fat
D) Coconut oil

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

A) Palm oil
B) Cocoa butter
C) Olive oil
D) Chicken fat

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

A) Sunflower oil
B) Palm oil
C) Canola oil
D) Grapeseed oil

Question 5

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that don't separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add _____ and stir the ingredients together.

A) egg yolks
B) fruit juice
C) milk protein
D) sugar

Question 6

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

A) Butter
B) Pork fat
C) Sunflower oil
D) Palm oil

Question 7

A fatty acid

A) contains hundreds of glucose molecules.
B) has carbons arranged in ring-like structures.
C) has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.
D) is either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

A) Chicken fat
B) Sunflower oil
C) Grapeseed oil
D) Beef fat

Question 9

Most lipids have _____ in their chemical structures.

A) nitrogen atoms
B) glucose molecules
C) phospholipids
D) fatty acids

Question 10

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) _____ fatty acid.

A) polyunsaturated
B) monounsaturated
C) essential
D) saturated

Question 11

Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he had to live in a special medical unit at the university hospital. He wasn't permitted to eat anything other than the synthetic formula diet provided by the researchers. The formula contained vitamins, choline, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When _____ were added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.

A) essential fatty acids
B) steroid hormones
C) partially-hydrogenated oils
D) simple carbohydrates

Question 12

Which of the following substances is a dietary essential?

A) High-density lipoprotein
B) Cholesterol
C) Alpha-linolenic acid
D) Lecithin

Question 13

A baby's body needs essential fatty acids

A) to form glycogen.
B) for nervous system system development.
C) for maintaining fluid balance.
D) to make proteins.

Question 14

In the body, some lipids

A) stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals.
B) assist protein absorption.
C) provide insulation against cold temperatures.
D) are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber.

Question 15

In the body, certain lipids

A) stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals.
B) increase the rate of protein absorption.
C) are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber.
D) help maintain cell membranes.

Question 16

In the body, fat

A) stimulates the production of vitamins and minerals.
B) is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber.
C) provides energy.
D) speeds up chemical reactions.

Question 17

Franklin wants to increase his intake of omega-6 fatty acids, so he should choose foods that contain _____.

A) docosahexaenoic acid
B) eicosapentaenoic acid
C) linoleic acid
D) alpha-linolenic acid

Question 18

Which of the following substances is an essential nutrient?

A) Lecithin
B) Bile salt
C) Linoleic acid
D) Cholesterol

Question 19

Amber is underweight. To keep warm in chilly environments, she wears more clothing than her overweight friend Kim. Why?

A) Compared to Kim, Amber has a higher HDL cholesterol level.
B) Compared to Kim, Amber has more phospholipids in her cell membranes.
C) Compared to Kim, Amber doesn't have as much insulating fat under her skin.
D) Compared to Kim, Amber consumes more partially hydrogenated fatty acids.

Question 20

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she had to live in a special unit of the university hospital. She could only eat the synthetic formula diet that was provided by the scientists who were in charge of the study. The formula contained vitamins, minerals, choline, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. When _____ were added to her formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.

A) alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids
B) cholesterol and partially-hydrogenated oils
C) chylomicrons
D) bile salts

Question 21

Desi wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. He currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, he should limit his saturated fat intake to less than ____ kcal per day.

A) 270
B) 135
C) 405
D) 540

Question 22

Which of the following foods is a natural source of trans fat?

A) Meat
B) Tomato sauce
C) Olive oil
D) Avocados

Question 23

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are poor sources of trans fat and don't contain cholesterol. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he include in his recipes?

A) Partially hydrogenated oils
B) Unsalted butter
C) Lard
D) Corn oil

Question 24

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that's a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should she select?

A) Ccoconut oil
B) Cream cheese
C) Unsalted butter
D) Canola oil

Question 25

Lecithin is a type of

A) triglyceride.
B) sterol.
C) fatty acid.
D) phospholipid.

Question 26

Which of the following foods is a major source of saturated fat in American diets?

A) Pizza with mozzarella cheese and pepperoni slices
B) Dipping sauce made with olive oil and fresh basil leaves
C) Salad dressing made with corn oil and vinegar
D) Guacamole made with avocados, tomatoes, and onions

Question 27

Jason is an endurance athlete training for a triathlon. While he's in training, he wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. His current diet supplies 3600 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, he should limit his saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.

A) 60
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their daily saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total calories. Ten percent of 3600 kcal is 360 kcal (3600 kcal X .10). Each gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, so divide 360 kcal by 9 kcal/gram = 40 grams.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Your body can make alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid.
B) Trans fatty acids are a by-product of the emulsification process.
C) Your body is unable to make cholesterol.
D) Phospholipids are partially water soluble.

Question 29

Which of the following foods is a natural source of trans fat?

A) Corn oil
B) Butter
C) Coconut oil
D) Egg yolk

Question 30

Chylomicrons are a type of ______.

A) metabolic waste product
B) lipid fragment
C) lipoprotein
D) fat-soluble vitamin

Question 31

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.

A) polyunsaturated
B) saturated
C) monounsaturated
D) unsaturated

Question 32

When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat and contains little or no trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he select?

A) Coconut oil
B) Unsalted butter
C) Canola oil
D) Partially hydrogenated oil

Question 33

Chylomicrons ______.

A) metabolize cholesterol for energy in the liver.
B) are a source of partially hydrogenated oils.
C) are eliminated in urine.
D) transport lipids from the small intestine.

Question 34

Layla loves to cook, but she's concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats and oils that are naturally low in trans fats and saturated fatty acids, and high in monounsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following foods should she select?

A) Coconut oil
B) Cocoa butter
C) Olive oil
D) Butter fat

Question 35

A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a man-made formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect

A) none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.
B) about 20% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of participating in the study.
C) about 50% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of the study.
D) 100% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of cholesterol deficiency within the first 3 weeks of participating in the study.

Question 36

Martha wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. She currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 20
D) 10
According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their daily saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total calories. Ten percent of 2700 kcal is 270 kcal (2700 kcal X .10). Each gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, so divide 270 kcal by 9 kcal/gram = 30 grams.

Question 37

Krystal is an endurance athlete training for a marathon. While she's in training, she wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. Her current diet supplies 3150 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.

A) 55
B) 65
C) 45
D) 35
According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their daily saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total calories. Ten percent of 3150 kcal is 315 kcal (3150 kcal X .10). Each gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, so divide 315 kcal by 9 kcal/gram = 35 grams.

Question 38

Two-month-old Jacob's diet lacks alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids. Based on this information, Jacob isn't _____.

A) burning fat for energy.
B) digesting fiber properly.
C) growing properly.
D) making bile salts.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The fat that's in food isn't a source of essential nutrients.
B) Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."
C) Fatty foods lack the smooth texture that carbohydrate-rich foods have.
D) Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Question 40

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin?

A) Raw carrots
B) Green apples
C) Peanut butter
D) Chinese cabbage

Question 41

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A) Raw carrots
B) Corn oil
C) Ground beef
D) 1% Milk

Question 42

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of

A) whole-grain products.
B) butter and beef.
C) nuts and seeds.
D) fruit juices.

Question 43

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

A) HDL
B) LDL
C) VLDL
D) Chylomicron

Question 44

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin?

A) Green beans
B) Ripe avocado
C) Brown rice
D) Wheat germ

Question 45

The largest and most dense lipoprotein is a

A) chylomicron.
B) VLDL.
C) LDL.
D) C-reactive protein.

Question 46

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

A) Sunflower seeds
B) Coconut oil
C) Peanut butter
D) Whole milk

Question 47

Nick wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should

A) limit his intake of nuts and seeds.
B) increase his intake of trans fat.
C) eat more whole-grain products.
D) switch from drinking fat-free milk to whole milk.

Question 48

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

A) Peanuts
B) Broccoli
C) Chicken
D) Oranges

Question 49

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

A) Pork loin
B) Rolled oats
C) Organic carrots
D) Corn syrup

Question 50

Lauren wants to lower her risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on this information, she should

A) use lard instead of sunflower seed oil.
B) become more physically active.
C) increase her saturated fat intake.
D) reduce her intake of whole-grain products.

Question 51

Chylomicrons transport

A) iron.
B) vitamin C
C) cholesterol.
D) bile.

Question 52

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A) Cherries
B) Beef
C) 1% Milk
D) Peanuts

Question 53

Carla wants to lower her risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on this information, she should limit her intake of

A) fruit juices.
B) whole-grain products.
C) nuts and seeds.
D) salty foods.

Question 54

In 2018, food manufacturers will no longer be able to use partially hydrogenated oils in foods. Why were these substances banned?

A) They increase the cost of foods.
B) They become rancid too quickly.
C) They prevent water-soluble vitamins from being absorbed by the human GI tract.
D) They are harmful to health.

Question 55

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A) Beef fat
B) Soybean oil
C) Cocoa butter
D) Avocado

Question 56

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A) Green beans
B) Roast beef
C) 2% Milk
D) Soybean oil

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true?

A) All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy, because they increase the risk of diabetes.
B) VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.
C) Your intestinal cells convert bile into chylomicrons.
D) Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.

Question 58

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A) Coconut oil
B) Canola oil
C) Butter fat
D) Corn oil

Question 59

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

A) Beans
B) Butter
C) Potato
D) Banana

Question 60

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin?

A) Soybeans
B) Cabbage
C) Watermelon
D) Peaches

Question 61

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A) Baked trout
B) Brown rice
C) Raw carrots
D) Jonathan apples

Question 62

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories; his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories; and his average daily cholesterol intake was 350 mg. Based on this information, his total fat intake is _____ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A) within
B) below
C) above
D) More information about Don's omega-3 intake is needed to answer this question.

Question 63

Most lipid digestion occurs in the

A) small intestine.
B) stomach.
C) pancreas.
D) large intestine.

Question 64

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?

A) Owen's fat intake isn't high enough to support good health.
B) Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR.
C) Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for essential fatty acids.
D) Owen's fat intake is too high.
Owen consumes 3000 kcal per day, and his fat intake is 80 g per day. Each gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, so multiply 80 g by 9 kcal to obtain the number of kcal (80 g of fat supplies 720 kcal). To determine whether this number of kcal is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat (20 to 35% of total kcal), take 720 kcal and divide by 3000 kcal (his total energy intake), which equals 0.24. To convert 0.24 to a percent, move the decimal point two places to the right, drop the point and replace it with a percent symbol (24%). Thus, his percentage of calories that are supplied by fat is 24%, which is within the AMDR.

Question 65

____ are a major end product of fat digestion.

A) Oxidized lipoproteins
B) Bile salts
C) Micelles
D) Monoglycerides

Question 66

Brett eats _____ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

A) canned sardines
B) baked beans
C) whole-wheat bread
D) fresh strawberries

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A triglyceride has three fatty acids attached to a cholesterol "backbone" molecule.
B) The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group.
C) A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
D) A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 68

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A) Chicken fat
B) Walnut oil
C) Cream cheese
D) Olive oil

Question 69

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A) Canned salmon
B) 2% Milk
C) Green peas
D) Pork loin

Question 70

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day

A) 150
B) 450
C) 350
D) 250

Question 71

Which of the following substances can interfere with the recycling of bile salts in the body?

A) Fatty acids
B) Mineral water
C) Vitamin A
D) Soluble fiber

Question 72

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A) Whole-wheat bread
B) Tuna fish
C) Baked chicken
D) Ground beef

Question 73

April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

A) walnuts
B) orange slices
C) cheddar cheese
D) whole-grain bread cubes

Question 74

Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Maria's diet?

A) Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR.
B) Maria's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.
C) Maria's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.
D) Maria's fat intake is within the AI.

Question 75

Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion?

A) Bile salts
B) Pancreatic lipase
C) Salivary amylase
D) Soluble fiber

Question 76

Sylvia has a disease that blocks the delivery of bile and pancreatic amylase to her small intestine. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this disease?

A) Chronic heartburn that's not relieved by antacids
B) Frequent headaches
C) Greasy stools that float
D) Weight gain

Question 77

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. On average, he consumes 2750 kcal per day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, Chase's saturated fat intake should be fewer than _____ kcal per day.

A) 413
B) 138
C) 270
D) 550

Question 78

Nikki has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in her pancreas. Based on this information, a sign of this disease is

A) lack of saliva in the mouth.
B) low C-reactive protein in blood.
C) ulcer formation in the stomach.
D) high amounts of fat in the stools.

Question 79

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was _____ of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 80

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is _____ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A) More information about Phyllis's omega-6 intake is needed to answer this question.
B) within
C) below
D) above