Deck 4: How Food Becomes You

Question 1

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) gallbladder
D) colon

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The stomach

A) produces sulfuric acid, which helps digest starch.
B) churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.
C) secretes enzymes, including bile and various amylases.
D) absorbs most vitamins and minerals.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

A) protection against infections and immunity.
B) circulation of blood throughout the body.
C) destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D) production of hormones.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A primary function of the digestive system is the

A) destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
B) breakdown of food into nutrients.
C) production of red blood cells.
D) transmission of nervous impulses.

Question 5

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

A) integumentary
B) endocrine
C) urinary
D) cardiovascular

Question 6

The primary function of the respiratory system is the

A) production of red blood cells.
B) destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
C) transmission of nervous impulses.
D) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system.

A) endocrine
B) integumentary
C) cardiovascular
D) nervous

Question 8

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

A) sour.
B) meaty.
C) sweet.
D) cold.

Question 9

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A) liver
B) jejunum
C) colon
D) epiglottis

Question 10

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

A) cell
B) mitochondrion
C) organelle
D) atom

Question 11

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

A) cardiovascular
B) integumentary
C) endocrine
D) nervous

Question 12

Rose has a disease that weakened her esophagus. As a result of this condition, Rose probably

A) has difficulty swallowing food.
B) has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements.
C) must eat raw foods.
D) digests foods too quickly.

Question 13

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system that stores bile.

A) appendix
B) jejunum
C) liver
D) gallbladder

Question 14

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has

A) difficulty swallowing.
B) chronic constipation.
C) diverticula in his colon.
D) gallstones.

Question 15

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the

A) epiglottis
B) liver
C) jejunum
D) colon

Question 16

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

A) Anatomy
B) Chyme
C) Homeostasis
D) Metabolism

Question 17

The process of digesting food begins in the

A) colon.
B) liver.
C) mouth.
D) esophagus.

Question 18

Chewing food is an example of

A) active absorption.
B) anabolic metabolism.
C) mechanical digestion.
D) probiotic activity.

Question 19

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably

A) has chronic joint pain.
B) bruises easily.
C) has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract.
D) forms smaller than normal blood cells in her bones.

Question 20

A (An) _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

A) cell
B) organism
C) organ
D) membranes

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Your sense of taste functions better when you are unable to smell a food.
B) Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
C) There are 7 different kinds of tastes: sour, salty, bitter, sweet, umami, oily, and juicy.
D) The tip of your tongue is more sensitive to detecting bitter-tasting foods.

Question 22

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

A) gastroesophageal sphincter
B) teeth
C) epiglottis
D) tongue

Question 23

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

A) umami.
B) peristalsis.
C) segmentation.
D) reflux.

Question 24

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) colon
D) pancreas

Question 25

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A) colon
B) duodenum
C) ileum
D) jejunum

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach.
B) The gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.
C) Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
D) Choking occurs when food enters the esophagus and blocks the epiglottis.

Question 27

Chyme is the

A) material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
B) semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
C) organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.
D) large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B) A person cannot live for more than a few weeks without his or her gallbladder.
C) The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
D) The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.

Question 29

Mitchell has an infection that caused his epiglottis to function improperly. Based on this information, you would expect Mitchell to _____, while he has this illness.

A) absorb vitamins more rapidly
B) gain weight
C) digest proteins more efficiently
D) choke often

Question 30

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

A) absorb vitamins efficiently
B) digest proteins more rapidly
C) build muscle tissue more efficiently
D) lose weight rapidly

Question 31

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

A) ileum.
B) jejunum.
C) colon.
D) duodenum.

Question 32

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

A) aneurysms.
B) gallstones.
C) constipation.
D) colitis.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Peptic ulcers usually form in the small and large intestines.
B) Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
C) Vomiting blood is a sign of irritable bowel syndrome.
D) People who are infected with H. pylori have a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

Question 34

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

A) sulfuric acid
B) bile
C) gastric juice
D) chyme

Question 35

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A) water
B) starch
C) protein
D) alcohol

Question 36

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

A) hydrochloric acid
B) chyme
C) lymphatic fluid
D) bile

Question 37

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A) arteries
B) neurons
C) lacteals
D) villi

Question 38

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

A) chyme.
B) the gastroesophageal sphincter.
C) lacteals within the villi.
D) special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.

Question 39

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

A) lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine.
B) ability to digest proteins is reduced.
C) intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.
D) hepatic portal vein can rupture.

Question 40

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

A) chylomicrons.
B) the lumen.
C) lacteals.
D) the hepatic portal vein.

Question 41

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for

A) ulcerative colitis.
B) irritable bowel syndrome.
C) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D) gallstones.

Question 42

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

A) avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation.
B) not worry, because she is not constipated.
C) take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily.
D) increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation.

Question 43

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A) colon
B) ileum
C) duodenum
D) jejunum

Question 44

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts; he doesn't have any energy; and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____.

A) gallstones
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease
C) hemorrhoids
D) ulcerative colitis

Question 45

Quinn is a 23-year-old college student, who developed mild diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should he use to relieve his loose stools?

A) vitamin C
B) ginger
C) loperamide
D) aspirin

Question 46

Jerome has a higher than average risk of developing colorectal cancer because he

A) has irritable bowel syndrome.
B) is between 25 and 50 years of age.
C) is from Central America.
D) has polyps in his rectum.

Question 47

Carter has had an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for 12 years. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of developing ____ than a person who does not have an IBD.

A) irritable bowel syndrome
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease
C) gallstones
D) colon cancer

Question 48

Coretta has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she

A) snack on peppermint candy in between meals.
B) eat dark chocolate for dessert.
C) lose excess body fat.
D) lie down after meals.

Question 49

Six years ago, Jared had a cancerous growth removed from his large intestine. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of developing

A) peptic ulcers.
B) colon cancer.
C) gallstones.
D) gastric reflux.

Question 50

Carter has had ulcerative colitis for 10 years. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of developing

A) irritable bowel syndrome.
B) gallstones.
C) colon cancer.
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Question 51

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she

A) has difficulty digesting food.
B) is taller than most children who are her age.
C) absorbs excessive amounts of vitamins.
D) is heavier than average for her height.

Question 52

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat headaches and arthritis. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

A) peptic ulcers.
B) irritable bowel syndrome.
C) pancreatic failure.
D) chronic constipation.

Question 53

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

A) irritable bowel syndrome.
B) ulcerative colitis.
C) chronic constipation.
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Question 54

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

A) learning ways to manage stress effectively.
B) reducing physical activity.
C) having the lower third of the colon removed.
D) moving to a drier climate.

Question 55

After attending a summertime picnic, 24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition?

A) consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars
B) take over-the-counter loperamide
C) take 1,000 mg vitamin C and at least 60 mg iron daily, until the diarrhea subsides
D) give herself coffee enemas every 3 hours to cleanse her colon

Question 56

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he

A) raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet, when he lies down.
B) take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals.
C) avoid overeating during meals.
D) eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces.

Question 57

Sophia is concerned about her health, because her father died from colorectal cancer when he was only 50 years of age. In addition to discussing her medical history and concerns with her physician and being tested for colorectal cancer, Sophia should see her doctor if she notices

A) mucus in her stools.
B) occasional heartburn.
C) weight loss without trying to lose weight.
D) bowel movements that occur 3 times a week.

Question 58

Marta is concerned that she may have colorectal cancer because, for several weeks, she has had

A) chronic heartburn.
B) increased appetite.
C) irritable bowel syndrome.
D) stools that are narrower than usual.

Question 59

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

A) esophageal sphincter
B) pyloric valve
C) lower stomach
D) large intestine

Question 60

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop

A) ulcerative colitis.
B) irritable bowel syndrome.
C) chronic constipation.
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Question 61

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an)

A) blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum.
B) excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract.
C) condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.
D) overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach.

Question 62

ATP is

A) a digestive enzyme released by the pancreas.
B) a hormone that increase protein deposits in muscle tissue.
C) an antioxidant that's used to preserve refined cereals.
D) an energy-capturing molecule.

Question 63

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

A) reducing physical activity.
B) having the lower third of the colon removed.
C) taking antidepressant medication.
D) lying down after meals.

Question 64

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

A) Muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat
B) Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue
C) White blood cells making proteins that protect against harmful viruses
D) Brain cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Your cells make more ATP under anaerobic than aerobic conditions.
B) As a result of aerobic metabolic pathways, your cells release oxygen and carbon monoxide.
C) When oxygen is not available, your cells rely on anaerobic metabolic pathways to make ATP.
D) Your cells require sunlight to produce optimal amounts of ATP.

Question 66

Cam has frequent bouts of abdominal cramping with constipation following by diarrhea. Cam underwent a colonoscopy, which ruled out any serious disorders of his large intestine. According to his physician, Cam's "gut problem" is common and doesn't increase his risk of colon cancer. To treat Cam's condition, the physician told Cam to learn ways of managing his stress and try

A) fasting (not eating) every other day to rest his digestive tract.
B) lying down after large meals to slow down peristalsis.
C) taking probiotics with live and active cultures.
D) drinking more fluids between meals.

Question 67

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

A) Enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy
B) Nerve cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells
C) Immune cells making proteins that protect against infectious agents
D) Bones cells using protein and calcium to build new bone tissue

Question 68

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

A) Brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells
B) Bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture
C) Muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat
D) White blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy

Question 69

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

A) White blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy
B) Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue
C) Brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells
D) Muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat

Question 70

What is the primary source of energy ("energy currency") for your cells?

A) Sunlight
B) ATP
C) Fatty acids
D) Protein

Question 71

Bella is an omnivore, because she can

A) obtain energy directly from the sun.
B) eat a high-fiber diet without experiencing a blocked colon.
C) only eat plant foods.
D) digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Humans are omnivores.
B) Most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine.
C) Regular colon cleansing is essential for the healthy functioning of the digestive tract.
D) Feces consists primarily of undigested sugars.

Question 73

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require

A) amino acids.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen.
D) sunlight.