Deck 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology

Question 1

An early defector from Freud's psychoanalytic circle was

A) Charcot.
B) Maslow.
C) Adler.
D) Breuer.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The style of life is not firmly crystallized until

A) the age of four or five.
B) adolescence.
C) middle age.
D) old age.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All motivation to strive and succeed comes from

A) attempts to compensate for inferiorities.
B) the attempt to resolve sexual conflicts.
C) organic inferiorities.
D) the superiority complex.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Adler concluded that with compensation,

A) a person is sexually defective.
B) a person develops a deep need for nurturing .
C) defective parts or organs of the body shape personality.
D) a person demonstrates a shameful lack of courage.

Question 5

Adler's childhood is a good example of

A) inferiority feelings.
B) the Oedipus complex.
C) the carefree nature of the first five years.
D) anal conflicts.

Question 6

Adler attempted to explain a person's need to move forward in life as

A) genetics.
B) past experiences.
C) finalism.
D) biological forces.

Question 7

Striving for superiority, which Adler called the fundamental fact of life, is the

A) attempt to be better than anyone else.
B) restless human need to eliminate even the slightest imperfections.
C) unfortunate human tendency toward extreme competitiveness.
D) innate drive toward wholeness and completion.

Question 8

For Adler, if a person believes that people are basically good then

A) a person will create unrealistic expectations of their environment.
B) this becomes reality for a person.
C) a person will be concerned with instinctual satisfaction.
D) this will reside in the collective unconscious.

Question 9

The most obvious link between Adler's childhood and his theory is

A) warmth and optimism.
B) wealth and security.
C) illness and sibling rivalry.
D) rationality and clear thinking.

Question 10

For Adler, inferiority

A) is rooted in sexuality.
B) is a function of the environment.
C) primarily starts in adolescence.
D) is an instinct.

Question 11

In Adler's view, inferiority feelings are

A) exhibited in adulthood, not childhood.
B) genetically determined.
C) found in infancy.
D) the result of overbearing parents.

Question 12

Demosthenes stuttered and Theodore Roosevelt was sickly - two good examples of

A) famous but inferior leaders.
B) a depressive complex.
C) overcoming organic inferiority.
D) a superiority complex.

Question 13

Adler placed greater emphasis on

A) the consciousness.
B) minimizing sex than Freud.
C) the uniqueness of the individual.
D) All of the answers

Question 14

Overcompensating for inferiority feelings can lead to a(n)

A) inferiority complex.
B) superiority complex.
C) organic inferiority.
D) creative self.

Question 15

Trying to achieve perfection is what Adler meant by

A) striving for superiority.
B) compensation.
C) the masculine protest.
D) self-will.

Question 16

The relationship between Adler and Freud

A) remained close all their lives.
B) was antagonistic right from the beginning.
C) began when Adler was psychoanalyzed by Freud.
D) ended in bitterness.

Question 17

According to Adler, personality is determined by

A) past experiences.
B) the environment.
C) genetic factors.
D) the creative power of the self.

Question 18

Alfred Adler named his approach to personality ____ psychology.

A) individual
B) analytical
C) psychoanalytic
D) social

Question 19

In Adler's view, fictional finalism

A) is responsible for most social inequality.
B) guides our behavior as we strive to become complete.
C) is learned behavior.
D) is found in only a very few superior persons.

Question 20

All of the following are possible causes of an inferiority complex except

A) organic inferiority.
B) spoiling a child.
C) being gifted, athletically.
D) neglecting a child.

Question 21

The child most likely to mature early and manifest adult behaviors is the

A) only child.
B) first-born.
C) youngest child.
D) second-born.

Question 22

The child most likely to develop at a remarkably fast rate is the

A) only child.
B) first-born.
C) youngest child.
D) second-born.

Question 23

Adler's explanation of the force that holds society together is his concept of

A) perfectionism.
B) social interest.
C) the superego.
D) compensation.

Question 24

Adler did not develop his concept of social interest until after

A) the birth of his first child.
B) the end of World War II.
C) he broke with Freud.
D) his older brother died.

Question 25

A first-born may react to the dethronement caused by the arrival of the second-born by

A) developing a behavior problem.
B) hating the new baby.
C) becoming insecure and hostile.
D) all of the answers

Question 26

Each of the following is one of Adler's four basic styles of life except

A) dominant type.
B) getting type.
C) hurting type.
D) avoiding type.

Question 27

According to Adler, the individual must

A) get along with others.
B) be dominant to achieve.
C) be independent of others.
D) strive for superiority.

Question 28

Alcoholics and drug addicts are typical of the ____ style of life.

A) avoiding
B) dependent
C) getting
D) dominant

Question 29

Adler proposed the concept of social interest to define

A) compensation.
B) style of life.
C) innate potential to cooperate with others to achieve personal and societal goals.
D) a dominant or ruling attitude.

Question 30

A person who is competitive and ambitious is likely to be a(n)

A) second-born.
B) first-born.
C) only child.
D) youngest child.

Question 31

In the ____ style of life, one escapes failure by not facing life's problems.

A) avoiding
B) getting
C) dominant
D) socially useful

Question 32

Birth order dictates that the ____ child will experience a sense of dethronement.

A) first-born
B) second-born
C) youngest or last-born
D) only

Question 33

The most common style of life is the

A) getting type.
B) avoiding type.
C) dependent type.
D) dominant type.

Question 34

Adler used the term "social interest" to indicate a

A) hostility to the needs of society.
B) fun-loving aspect of human nature.
C) community feeling.
D) unique style of life of the upper classes.

Question 35

Once our style of life has been created, it will

A) remain relatively constant throughout life.
B) guide behavior only through adolescence.
C) replace the goal of superiority.
D) fall under the domination of the instincts.

Question 36

Adler's image of human nature is

A) optimistic.
B) pessimistic.
C) neutral.
D) despairing.

Question 37

A person interested in order and authority is likely to be a(n)

A) first-born.
B) only child.
C) last-born.
D) second-born.

Question 38

Adler's concept of birth order was based on

A) his own experience.
B) ideas he learned from Freud.
C) what he learned from Jung.
D) his belief in the importance of biological factors in personality.

Question 39

In Adler's view, a mother's influence

A) is responsible for striving for perfection.
B) is negligible because the child is guided more by the future than the past.
C) can lead to the development of the Oedipus complex.
D) can foster or thwart the development of social interest.

Question 40

Adler used all of the following terms as equivalents for style of life except

A) personality.
B) individuality.
C) character.
D) organ inferiority.

Question 41

Research on second-borns shows they are

A) higher than first-borns in self-esteem.
B) no more competitive or ambitious than first-borns.
C) less easy-going than first-borns.
D) more affected by inferiority feelings.

Question 42

First-borns tend to be ____ than later-borns.

A) higher in IQ
B) more dependent on other people
C) more obedient
D) all of the answers

Question 43

Research has shown that children who are neglected by their parents score high on the ____ scale of the MMPI.

A) paranoia
B) social introversion
C) depression
D) hysteria

Question 44

Adler's own early recollections reveal his

A) feelings of inferiority.
B) preference for his mother instead of his father.
C) fear of other people.
D) sexual longings.

Question 45

Adler believed that early recollections can be clues to a person's

A) complexes.
B) adult feelings of inferiority.
C) style of life.
D) social interest.

Question 46

Last-borns tend to be more ____ than first-borns and second-borns.

A) popular
B) intelligent
C) depressed
D) dependent on others

Question 47

Adler's primary research method was the

A) Style of Life Inventory.
B) word-association test.
C) case study.
D) IQ test.

Question 48

According to Adler, therapy

A) is all about abnormal behavior.
B) reveals a stubborn and negative personality.
C) reveals an overdeveloped sense of social interest.
D) is like a chat between two friends.

Question 49

On the Social Interest Index, women who scored high in social interest were also significantly higher in

A) superiority feelings.
B) overall life satisfaction.
C) social conflicts.
D) dominant behaviors.

Question 50

Adler's approach to his patients was

A) more relaxed and informal than Freud's.
B) more formal than Freud's.
C) identical to Freud's.
D) like that of master and pupil.

Question 51

Early memories of depressed persons are concerned with

A) abandonment.
B) fear.
C) illness.
D) threatening events.

Question 52

Early memories of adult criminals dealt with

A) disturbing or aggressive interactions with other people.
B) envy of rich people.
C) feelings of social deprivation.
D) striving for material goods.

Question 53

Research has been conducted on Adler's ideas about

A) dreams.
B) social interest.
C) birth order.
D) all of the answers

Question 54

Only-born adults may be

A) lower in self-esteem than adults reared with siblings.
B) more selfish than adults reared with siblings.
C) more cooperative than adults reared with siblings.
D) all of the answers.

Question 55

Adler used all of the following methods of assessment except

A) birth order.
B) early recollections.
C) dream analysis.
D) personality tests.

Question 56

Persons who reach high levels of intellectual achievement in school tend to be

A) high in social interest.
B) first-borns.
C) second-borns.
D) characterized by a superiority complex.

Question 57

According to Adler, first-borns are

A) concerned with power and achievement.
B) primarily of the getting type.
C) less anxious than other children in stressful situations.
D) low in achievement than other children.

Question 58

Adler believed that personality tests are

A) artificial and ambiguous.
B) useful in revealing unconscious desires.
C) an excellent way to diagnose psychological types.
D) useful in psychotherapy.

Question 59

In attempting to assess the gates of mental life, Adler used the technique(s) of

A) dream analysis.
B) birth order.
C) early recollections.
D) all of the answers.

Question 60

Adler believed that dreams fulfill

A) conscious desires.
B) our psychotic compulsions.
C) wishes or reveal hidden conflicts.
D) our daily conflicts.

Question 61

Second-borns do not suffer the sense of dethronement felt by first-borns when another child is added to the family.

Question 62

Adler's image of a person is pessimistic and driven by conscious forces.

Question 63

Adler's thinking and theory have been criticized as

A) inconsistent and unsystematic, with many gaps and unanswered questions.
B) rigid and exclusive, requiring total allegiance or complete rejection.
C) too complicated for any but specialists to understand.
D) so close to Freud that no significant differences are apparent.

Question 64

Adler disagreed with Freud about the value of dreams. Adler believed that dreams fulfill wishes or reveal hidden conflicts.

Question 65

Adler's influence can be seen in the work of

A) Erich Fromm.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Karen Horney.
D) all of the answers.

Question 66

Adler described his notion of the superiority complex as an exaggerated opinion of one's abilities and accomplishments.

Question 67

All of the following are criticisms of Adler's system except which?

A) It is overly simple.
B) It relies too much on commonsense observations.
C) The existence of the collective unconscious cannot be proved.
D) Adler was unsystematic in his thinking.

Question 68

Adler preferred the terms "objective goals" or "unguided self-discovery" for the concept of fictional finalism as it is know today.

Question 69

The first-born child is likely to experience difficulties when they find that in areas of life outside the home, such as school, they are not the center of attention.

Question 70

The concept of social interest is defined as the individual's innate potential to cooperate with other people to achieve personal and societal goals.

Question 71

Research with only children found that they had higher levels of ____ than children with siblings.

A) intelligence
B) achievement
C) aspiration
D) all of these

Question 72

Adler believed that neurotics, perverts, and criminals were often first-born.

Question 73

According to Adler, everything we do is shaped and defined by our unique style of life.

Question 74

Adler believed the best way for a person to lead his life was through isolation in the stage of adulthood.

Question 75

Adler believed the only child has not learned to share or to compete.

Question 76

Inferiority feelings are always present as a motivating force in behavior, according to Adler.

Question 77

Adler is considered a forerunner of

A) behavior therapy.
B) social psychology and group therapy.
C) drug therapy.
D) shock therapy.

Question 78

Adler believed the father's role was vital in developing the child's social interest as well as other aspects of the personality.

Question 79

The youngest child has an inferiority complex and therefore often develops at a slower rate than their older siblings.

Question 80

To Adler, the unconscious, not the conscious, was at the core of personality.