Deck 13: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The top of the heart is called the base,and the pointed bottom of the heart is called the apex.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The oxygen-rich vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood are the cardiac veins.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate and sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Blood that is pumped from the right ventricle passes through the aortic valve.

Question 5

Venules continue from capillaries to form veins,which carry blood back to the atria.

Question 6

Blood from the coronary sinus empties into the right atrium.

Question 7

The heart is in the pericardial cavity.

Question 8

Arteries are strong,elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Question 9

The sinoatrial (SA)node relays nerve impulses into the AV bundle of the interventricular septum,and the atrioventricular (AV)node is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Question 10

Closure of the heart's four valves create the lubb-dupp sounds of a heartbeat.

Question 11

The cardiac conduction system is composed of a network of nerve fibers beginning with the sinoatrial (SA)node.

Question 12

The endocardial layer of the heart wall is the innermost layer and is in direct contact with the blood.

Question 13

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 14

Osmotic pressure forces molecules in the blood out through capillary walls.

Question 15

In humans,circulation of the blood is a closed system.

Question 16

Due to the small diameter of the atrioventricular (AV)node conduction fibers,impulses are accelerated.

Question 17

Atrial repolarization produces the T waves seen in ECG tracings.

Question 18

When the blood pressure increases,veins function as blood reservoirs and respond by constricting their walls.

Question 19

The parietal pericardium is the innermost layer that covers the surface of the heart.

Question 20

Capillary walls are only one cell layer thick.

Question 21

Which of the following structures does NOT require stimulation from nerve fibers or other agents?

A) chordae tendineae
B) papillary muscles
C) sinoatrial node
D) atrial syncytium
E) AV bundle

Question 22

In an ECG pattern,the T wave is caused by

A) repolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
B) repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
C) depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D) depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
E) none of the above.

Question 23

The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the

A) left arm and shoulder.
B) neck and jaw.
C) heart.
D) sternum.
E) legs.

Question 24

In an electrocardiogram (ECG)pattern,the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

A) sinoatrial (SA)node to the atrial muscle fibers.
B) sinoatrial (SA)node through the atrioventricular (AV)node.
C) atrioventricular (AV)node to the atrial muscle fibers.
D) atrioventricular (AV)node to the ventricular muscle fibers.
E) sinoatrial (SA)node to the ventricular muscle fibers.

Question 25

Impulses carried to the heart by means of fibers that secrete acetylcholine are

A) parasympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to increase.
B) parasympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease.
C) sympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to increase.
D) sympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease.
E) somatic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease.

Question 26

The pulmonary circuit

A) sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
B) brings oxygen-poor blood from the tissues.
C) sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
D) brings oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.
E) does none of the above.

Question 27

When ventricles relax,pressure drops to a minimum value known as the systolic pressure.

Question 28

Venous pathways commonly connect in irregular networks and may have many unnamed tributaries.

Question 29

Osmotic capillary pressure forces fluid out into the tissues.

Question 30

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures through which blood moves from the venae cavae to the lungs?

A) right atrium,pulmonary,right ventricle,tricuspid valve
B) right atrium,tricuspid valve,right ventricle,pulmonary valve
C) tricuspid valve,right atrium,pulmonary valve,right ventricle
D) pulmonary valve,right atrium,tricuspid valve,right ventricle
E) right ventricle,tricuspid valve,right atrium,pulmonary valve

Question 31

An abnormally slow heart rate is termed

A) tachycardia.
B) bradycardia.
C) fibrillation.
D) cardioversion.
E) pericardia.

Question 32

The effect on the heart of excess potassium ion concentration usually is

A) increased heart rate and increased force of contraction.
B) decreased heart rate and increased force of contraction.
C) decreased heart rate and decreased force of contraction.
D) increased heart rate and decreased force of contraction.
E) cessation of the heart.

Question 33

In an ECG pattern,the P wave is caused by

A) repolarization of the atrial muscle fibers.
B) repolarization of the ventricular muscle fibers.
C) depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D) depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
E) none of the above.

Question 34

All venous blood returns to the heart through the superior or inferior vena cava.

Question 35

Sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system stimulate smooth muscle in artery and arteriole walls to

A) expand.
B) relax.
C) contract.
D) dilate.
E) lengthen.

Question 36

When the ventricular walls contract,the

A) bicuspid valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes.
B) tricuspid valve opens and the bicuspid valve closes.
C) bicuspid and tricuspid valves close.
D) bicuspid and tricuspid valves open.
E) semilunar valves close.

Question 37

The cardiovascular system consists of all of the following except

A) the heart.
B) arteries.
C) veins.
D) lungs.
E) capillaries.

Question 38

The outermost membrane that forms a loose-fitting sac around the heart is the

A) fibrous pericardium.
B) epicardium.
C) endocardium.
D) visceral pericardium.
E) myocardium.

Question 39

The correct sequence of structures of the cardiac conduction system is

A) AV node,SA node,Purkinje fibers,AV bundle.
B) AV node,AV bundle,Purkinje fibers,SA node.
C) SA node,Purkinje fibers,AV node,AV bundle.
D) SA node,AV node,AV bundle,Purkinje fibers.
E) Purkinje fibers,SA node,AV node,AV bundle.

Question 40

Capillary exchange of gases,nutrients and waste is accomplished by diffusion,osmosis and filtration.

Question 41

Which type of blood vessel serves as a blood reservoir?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) venules

Question 42

The Frank-Starling law of the heart holds that the

A) greater the length of myocardial fibers,the greater the force with which they contract.
B) lesser the length of myocardial fibers,the greater the force with which they contract.
C) lesser the blood volume,the greater the force of ventricular contraction.
D) lesser the blood viscosity,the lesser the force of ventricular contraction.
E) greater the peripheral resistance,the lesser the ventricular contraction.

Question 43

Relaxation of the heart is called ________.

A) systole
B) diastole

Question 44

Blood flow that travels from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and then back to the heart describes the ___________ circuit.

A) cardiovascular
B) parietal
C) pulmonary
D) systemic

Question 45

What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

A) mitral
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) aortic

Question 46

The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during

A) atrial systole.
B) ventricular systole.
C) ventricular diastole.
D) arterial diastole.
E) atrial diastole.

Question 47

Because capillary blood pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries is higher than the osmotic pressure,

A) more fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out.
B) the lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries.
C) the pressure in the venules increases.
D) more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.
E) more fluid flows into the venules.

Question 48

Contraction of the heart is called _________.

A) systole
B) diastole

Question 49

This layer of the heart wall is mostly cardiac muscle tissue.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) pericardium

Question 50

In normal circulation blood flow usually follows this pattern of vessels.

A) artery,arteriole,capillary,venule,vein
B) artery,vein,capillary,venule,arteriole
C) artery,capillary,vein,arteriole,venule
D) none of these

Question 51

Plasma proteins in blood capillaries help to

A) maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
B) decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
C) maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
D) decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
E) decrease the barometric pressure of the blood.

Question 52

What chamber of the heart pumps blood to the left lung?

A) left ventricle
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right atrium

Question 53

Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the

A) external jugular vein.
B) subclavian vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) cephalic vein.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 54

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

A) positive intrathoracic pressure
B) valves in the arteries
C) contracting skeletal muscles
D) capillary action
E) ventricular contraction

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the aorta?

A) right coronary artery
B) pulmonary artery
C) brachiocephalic artery
D) left subclavian artery
E) celiac artery

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?

A) diet high in unsaturated fats
B) high blood pressure
C) lack of physical exercise
D) obesity
E) tobacco smoking

Question 57

The density of capillaries within a tissue varies directly with the tissue's

A) thickness.
B) fluid content.
C) type of matrix.
D) rate of metabolism.
E) surface area.

Question 58

The ________ circuit sends oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all cells of the body,removes carbon dioxide and other wastes,and returns blood to the heart.

A) cardiovascular
B) visceral
C) pulmonary
D) systemic

Question 59

Blood that passes into the right ventricle has passed through this valve.

A) mitral
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) aortic

Question 60

The outer layer of the heart wall is called the _________.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) parietal pericardium
D) endocardium

Question 61

This layer of a blood vessel wall is composed of simple squamous epithelium.

A) epithelium
B) tunica interna
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) smooth muscle

Question 62

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A) sinoatrial (SA)node
B) the autonomic nervous system
C) atrioventricular (AV)node
D) Purkinje fibers

Question 63

The cardiac control center is found in this part of the brain.

A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebellum
C) pons
D) thalamus
E) hypothalamus

Question 64

What is the complete set of contraction and relaxation events that constitutes one heartbeat called?

A) systole
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac cycle
D) diastole

Question 65

What effect does an excess of calcium have on the heart?

A) no effect
B) increases heart action
C) decreases heart action
D) decreases heart rate but prolongs contractions

Question 66

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle in a minute heartbeat is known as _________.

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac cycle
D) minute cardiac volume

Question 67

This layer of a blood vessel wall is made of connective tissue and attaches the vessel to surrounding tissues.

A) epithelium
B) tunica interna
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) smooth muscle

Question 68

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be palpated and is known as ___________.

A) pulse
B) hypertension
C) cardiac output
D) mean arterial pressure

Question 69

Normal heart rate is closest to which range?

A) 60 - 80
B) 80 - 90
C) 50 - 60
D) 90 - 100

Question 70

A resting heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute is called __________.

A) hypercardia
B) hypertension
C) tachycardia
D) bradycardia

Question 71

During ventricular contraction,what statement is true?

A) The atrioventricular valves are open.
B) The atrioventricular valves are closed.
C) The aortic valve is closed.
D) The pulmonary valve is closed.

Question 72

An abnormally slow heart rate (fewer than 60 beats per minutes)is called __________.

A) hypercardia
B) hypertension
C) tachycardia
D) bradycardia

Question 73

Depolarization of the atria is an electrical event that produces what pattern in an ECG tracing?

A) P wave
B) PR interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave
E) PQ interval

Question 74

What part of the conduction system fibers extend into the papillary muscles?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) bundle branches
D) Purkinje fibers

Question 75

The tunica media is thickest in this type of blood vessels.

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) venules

Question 76

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle with each heartbeat is known as _________.

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac cycle
D) minute cardiac volume

Question 77

What effect does an excess of potassium have on the heart?

A) decreases heart rate
B) decreases force of contractions
C) increases heart rate
D) both a and b
E) none of these

Question 78

How does heart rate affect blood pressure?

A) Elevated heart rate increases stroke volume.
B) Elevated heart rate increases cardiac output,therefore raising blood pressure.
C) Elevated heart rate increases peripheral resistance,therefore raising blood pressure.
D) Elevated heart rate does all these things.

Question 79

What part of the ECG pattern is due to depolarization of the ventricles?

A) P wave
B) PR interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave
E) PQ interval

Question 80

Which blood vessel type has the lowest blood pressure?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) venules