Deck 5: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Growth hormone is controlled by both releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Chondrocytes are bone cells that are affected by the growth hormone.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

FSH and LH are collectively known as gonadotropins.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Secretion of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla is under the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

Cholesterol is a common precursor for polypeptide hormones.

Question 6

Peptide hormones cause changes in solute permeability or alter intracellular protein activity at their targets.

Question 7

The main control normally determining the plasma concentration of a particular hormone is its rate of inactivation and excretion.

Question 8

Hormone activity is rapid compared to the effects of the nervous system.

Question 9

Transmission of nerve impulses from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary causes the stored hormones to be released.

Question 10

FSH has different functions in men and women.

Question 11

Tropic hormones target only other glands.

Question 12

The somatomedins are insulin-like growth factors.

Question 13

A tropic hormone acts primarily on nonendocrine tissues.

Question 14

Peptide hormones are often produced as prohormones.

Question 15

Growth hormone promotes closure of the epiphyseal plate at adolescence.

Question 16

Permissiveness refers to the conversion of inactive enzymes into active enzymes by hormones, thus permitting the enzymes to perform their function.

Question 17

Minor differences in structure between hormones within each chemical category often result in profound differences in biological response.

Question 18

The thyroid hormone produces growth-promoting effects directly.

Question 19

Vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor substance.

Question 20

All hormones are first formed as preprohormones then are pruned into active hormones.

Question 21

Specialization of target-cell receptors explains the specificity of hormonal action.

Question 22

Steroid hormones act through the second-messenger system.

Question 23

Prolactin is the only anterior pituitary hormone that does not exert a tropic action.

Question 24

Plasma concentrations of a hormone are normally regulated by changes in secretion rate.

Question 25

Insulin is produced as a prohormone.

Question 26

The pituitary gland produces melatonin.

Question 27

Once synthesized, all hormones are stored within the endocrine cell until an appropriate signal arrives for their release.

Question 28

The role of MSH in humans is well understood.

Question 29

Lipophilic (hydrophobic) hormones circulate in the blood largely bound to plasma proteins.

Question 30

Steroid hormones are first produced in an inactive form.

Question 31

Insulin-like growth factors are produced in most tissues, but primarily in the liver.

Question 32

Growth hormone secretion increases markedly about an hour after the onset of deep sleep.

Question 33

Once a steroid hormone binds with its intracellular receptor, the hormone-receptor complex binds with a specific hormone response element on DNA, thereby activating a particular gene.

Question 34

Growth hormone directly stimulates bone growth.

Question 35

Neurohormones are hormones that specifically modify neural activity.

Question 36

Clock proteins are essential for controlling circadian rhythms.

Question 37

Hypophysiotropic-hormone secretion by the hypothalamus is regulated only by hormonal negative feedback.

Question 38

Metabolism of hormones always results in their inactivation.

Question 39

All amine hormones are hydrophilic.

Question 40

Dwarfism may be due to growth hormone deficiency in adults.

Question 41

All hormones are synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex system.

Question 42

Hyposecretion of an endocrine gland may have a genetic basis.

Question 43

The hypothalamus is the highest integrative centre in the hierarchical chain of command in endocrine control.

Question 44

Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones cause the release of oxytocin and vasopressin from the posterior pituitary.

Question 45

A "primary" defect in an endocrine system means that the defect is at the hypothalamus.

Question 46

One of the effects of the growth hormone is the control of fat metabolism.

Question 47

One target cell receptor may bind with more than one type of hormone.

Question 48

A single endocrine gland may produce many hormones.

Question 49

Growth hormone is the only hormone that influences growth.

Question 50

Oxytocin and vasopressin are carried in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system.

Question 51

The cells of Leydig secrete ICSH.

Question 52

Peptide hormone receptors are located inside the target cell.

Question 53

Negative-feedback control tends to maintain hormone levels at a relatively constant set point, whereas neuroendocrine reflexes usually produce a sudden increase in hormone secretion in response to a specific stimulus.

Question 54

Each steroidogenic organ is capable of producing all of the steroid hormones.

Question 55

The nervous system exerts considerable control over the endocrine system, but hormones have no influence over the nervous system.

Question 56

The hypothalamus synthesizes and regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.

Question 57

The same chemical messenger may be either a hormone or a neurotransmitter, depending on its source and mode of delivery to the target tissue.

Question 58

Hormones may be steroids, peptides, or amines.

Question 59

Light is a crucial factor in regulating circadian rhythms.

Question 60

An anterior pituitary gland produces inhibiting and stimulating signals that affect the hypothalamus.

Question 61

Hydrophilic hormones exert their effects primarily by activating second-messenger systems within their target cells.

Question 62

Growth hormone does not directly affect bone growth, but instead stimulates the release of somatomedins from the liver, which in turn promote bone growth.

Question 63

TSH controls the amount of testosterone secreted by the testes.

Question 64

The hormones influence adjustments that require duration rather than speed, whereas the rapid coordinations of the body are controlled by the nervous system.

Question 65

The anterior pituitary is involved in the regulation of reproduction.

Question 66

There are no known growth-related signals that influence growth hormone secretion.

Question 67

Acromegaly develops from a deficiency of the growth hormone.

Question 68

Epinephrine produces diverse effects on the activity of smooth muscle.

Question 69

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones play a role in determining the different amount of melanin in the skin of various human races.

Question 70

Hypophysiotropic hormones are secreted into the systemic circulatory system.

Question 71

Cellular hypertrophy is accomplished by increased cell division.

Question 72

Growth hormone exerts metabolic effects unrelated to growth.

Question 73

The posterior pituitary secretes LH.

Question 74

Only hormones that are not bound to plasma proteins are biologically active.

Question 75

With down regulation, one hormone induces the loss of another hormone's receptors.

Question 76

Osteoclasts are cells that make new bone cells.

Question 77

Which of the following statements correctly describes growth hormone?

A)Growth hormone levels in the blood are directly correlated with the rate of growth throughout life.
B)Growth hormone stimulates the secretion of somatomedins.
C) Growth hormone stimulates osteoclast activity.
D) Excessive growth hormone in adults will cause the disease called gigantism.

Question 78

Each anterior pituitary hormone is controlled by a single hypophysiotropic hormone from the hypothalamus.

Question 79

All hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland are peptides.

Question 80

Endocrine responses occur more slowly and last longer than neural responses.