Deck 11: Diagnostic Imaging

Question 1

The anode heel effect:

A) reflects a decrease in beam intensity toward the anode side
B) reflects an increase in beam intensity toward the cathode side
C) reflects a decrease in beam intensity toward the target interface
D) occurs independent of the percentage of central x-ray intensity

Answer 1

reflects a decrease in beam intensity toward the anode side

Question 2

Radiographic contrast is the _____ on a radiographic image:

A) the degree of blackness
B) the difference in density between adjacent areas
C) the fuzziness between interfaces of tissue and organs
D) the sharpness between interfaces of tissue and organs

Answer 2

the difference in density between adjacent areas

Question 3

The electrons used in radiography are generated at the:

A) tungsten target of the anode
B) tungsten filament of the anode
C) tungsten target of the cathode
D) tungsten filament of the cathode

Answer 3

tungsten filament of the cathode

Question 4

Which statement about grids is most accurate?

A) The grid is installed on the patient side of the tube head to minimize scatter and to collimate the beam.
B) A grid is unnecessary when taking a radiographic image of areas less than 30 cm thick.
C) When using a grid, it is necessary to increase the mA, sometimes by up to six times.
D) The grid improves penetrance and radiographic detail by redirecting the x-rays so that they strike the film perpendicularly.

Question 5

Which is most likely the cause of black crescents on a radiographic image?

A) Expired film
B) Rough handling
C) Excessive scatter radiation
D) Film exposed to a cracked safelight filter

Question 6

Two most common causes for loss of detail are:

A) decreased source - image distance and stray x-rays
B) the object not being parallel and patient motion
C) patient motion and not having the beam perpendicular to the recording surface
D) patient motion and low kVp

Question 7

If 10 mA is used for an initial film and the density of the radiograph must be doubled for subsequent films, which mA should be used?

A) 20
B) 12
C) 40
D) 25

Question 8

Where should a radiation-monitoring badge be positioned?

A) On the outside of the lead apron
B) Clipped to the team member's clothing
C) Clipped to the notch inside the cuss of the lead-protection glove
D) On the patient's nondominant side of the table during the procedure

Question 9

Which of the following clears remaining silver halide crystals from exposed x-ray film?

A) Wash water
B) Fixer
C) Prolonged safelight exposure
D) Developer

Question 10

To minimize the penumbra effect without requiring an impractical increase in mA, the source-image distance (SID) should be:

A) 20 to 24 inches
B) 28 to 32 inches
C) 36 to 40 inches
D) 46 to 50 inches

Question 11

Radiographic detail is:

A) the difference between adjacent areas on a radiographic image
B) the degree of blackness on a radiograph
C) the sharpness between interfaces of tissue and organs
D) the white areas found between interfaces of tissue and organs

Question 12

When taking a radiographic image of the extremities, which is likely to yield the best results?

A) Direct exposure film
B) Green-sensitive film
C) Blue-sensitive film
D) Screen-type film

Question 13

The body area situated away from the midline is identified as being:

A) medial.
B) lateral.
C) ventral.
D) dorsal.

Question 14

The anode heel effect is due to the:

A) collimation angled at 15 degrees
B) focal spot oriented at an ineffective angle
C) x-ray beam penetrating power being reduced at a rapid rate
D) unequal distribution of the x-ray beam intensity along the axis

Question 15

Radiographic density is:

A) the degree of blackness on a radiograph
B) the sharpness between interfaces of tissue and organs
C) fuzziness between interfaces of tissue and organs
D) the difference between adjacent areas on a radiographic image

Question 16

When fitting a safelight filter in the darkroom, it is best to use a low-intensity:

A) red, nonfrosted bulb
B) white, frosted bulb
C) blue, frosted bulb
D) green, frosted bulb

Question 17

The optimal developing temperature and time for manual processing of radiographic film is:

A) 75° F for 3 minutes
B) 68° F for 5 minutes
C) 65° F for 7 minutes
D) 70° F for 5 minutes

Question 18

When taking a radiograph image, energy from electrons interacting with atoms of the target is converted to:

A) 10% heat and 90% radiation
B) 1% heat and 99% radiation
C) 1% radiation and 99% heat
D) 10% radiation and 90% heat

Question 19

An exposure setting of 200 mA for 1/40 second is equivalent to:

A) 4 mAs
B) 5 mAs
C) 8 mAs
D) 15 mAs

Question 20

X-rays are:

A) light beams in the ultraviolet (invisible) spectrum available at the highest frequency
B) electromagnetic energy generated when fast-moving electrons collide with matter
C) a form of electromagnetic radiation with a shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light
D) high-speed protons, propelled from the x-ray machine's tube head

Question 21

Grids are used to decrease scatter radiation and

A) decrease blackness on the radiograph
B) increase density on the radiograph
C) decrease contrast on the radiograph
D) increase contrast on the radiograph

Question 22

Ultrasonography is ideal for creating diagnostic images of:

A) soft tissue
B) skull morphology
C) blood flow obstruction
D) vertebral abnormalities

Question 23

All of the following are digital x-ray systems, except:

A) analog.
B) DR.
C) CR.
D) CCD.

Question 24

Which term best describes an area with the same echotexture as surrounding tissues?

A) Hyperechoic
B) Hypoechoic
C) Anechoic
D) Isoechoic

Question 25

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Radiation kills cells.
B) Radiation can produce cell damage that is not repairable.
C) Radiation does not affect future generations.
D) Radiation may cause cancer.

Question 26

Use of a high-speed intensifying screen:

A) decreases mA requirement
B) increases sensitivity
C) sacrifices density
D) increases detail
E) B and C are correct

Question 27

Scatter radiation can be decreased by confining the primary beam to the area being examined by:

A) decreasing the kV
B) decreasing the mA
C) using a diaphragm
D) using a grid

Question 28

Which statement concerning video endoscopes is most accurate?

A) They use glass fiber bundles for transmission of the image.
B) Broken fibers show up on the monitor screen as black dots.
C) Controls are conveniently located near the face.
D) A microchip records and transmits the image.

Question 29

Fogged film may be a result of all of the following except:

A) excess scatter radiation.
B) inappropriate use of a safe light filter
C) exposure to low-grade light leak in the dark room.
D) patient motion.

Question 30

Which type of artifact is useful in establishing that an anechoic or hypoechoic structure is fluid-filled?

A) acoustic shadowing
B) mirror image artifact
C) slice thickness artifact
D) distance enhancement

Question 31

Lead aprons should be stored:

A) rolled up in a dark closet.
B) rolled into an open-ended "soup can."
C) folded nicely on top of the radiograph table.
D) draped over a rounded surface with no wrinkles

Question 32

Distortion foreshortening occurs when:

A) the focal image distance is insufficient
B) the source image distance is insufficient
C) there is patient motion and fogging occurs
D) the object being recorded is not parallel to the recording surface

Question 33

A good radiographic safety program should include all of the following except:

A) low-exposure techniques using positioning aids
B) safe x-ray equipment that is monitored every 5 years by OSHA
C) consistent measuring methods among staff and proper positioning methods
D) shielding and monitoring of radiation exposure for personnel

Question 34

Scatter radiation fogs the films, which:

A) decreases the detail
B) decreases the contrast
C) decreases the density
D) decreases the degree of blackness

Question 35

Which of the following controls the degree of contrast on a radiograph?

A) Focal spot size
B) Focal-film distance
C) kVp
D) mA

Question 36

The term used to describe tissues that reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues is:

A) echogenic
B) hypoechoic
C) hyperechoic
D) anechoic

Question 37

Three main factors that influence the amount of penumbra on a radiograph are:

A) SID, OID, film speed
B) size of the focal spot, patient motion, SID
C) SID, OID, focal spot
D) grid ratio, mA, SID

Question 38

Barium sulfate is often used for studies of the:

A) gastrointestinal tract.
B) bladder.
C) thoracic cavity.
D) fistulous tracts.

Question 39

Echocardiography uses which types of ultrasound display?

A) A-mode
B) B- and C-modes
C) C-mode
D) M-modes

Question 40

The term caudal refers to structures situated toward the:

A) head.
B) tail.
C) midline.
D) back.

Question 41

Radiographic density can be increased by:

A) increasing the time(s) and decreasing the milliamperage (mA)
B) increasing the milliamperage (mA) and decreasing the time(s)
C) decreasing the kilovoltage peak (kVp)
D) increasing either the mA or the kVp

Question 42

Match the current standardized nomenclature used for "cranial" with the former version.

A) Rostral
B) Anterior
C) Posterior
D) Distal

Question 43

Computed radiology (CR) uses a cassette system in which:

A) an imaging plate (IP) contains a photostimulable phosphor, which stores the radiation level received at each point on the plate
B) the cassette is run through an automatic processor that uses digital imaging detection
C) the electrons speed up to a higher energy level that emits light, which is then measured and becomes a digital image
D) the imaging plate is then measured by a reader, and the IP cassette is ready for use again

Question 44

The frequency of the transducer determines the amount of ___________of the image.

A) echogenicity
B) density
C) contrast
D) detail

Question 45

Identify the true statement about film.

A) Film speeds are rated as high, medium, and low.
B) The faster the film, the more sensitive it is, thus requiring lower mAs.
C) The drawback to using high-speed film is that with the smaller crystal size, the image has less detail.
D) High-speed film requires more exposure than slow-speed film to produce a given radiographic density.

Question 46

Film's inherent ability to produce shades of gray is its:

A) latitude
B) sensitivity
C) scale
D) contrast

Question 47

Which statement best describes radiographic artifacts?

A) An artifact is any unwanted density in the form of a blemish due to improper handling, exposure, processing, or housekeeping.
B) Artifactual issues are not a concern when using digital radiology machines.
C) Artifacts from "dirty" cassettes result in blemishes or scratches that appear "black" or light on the developed film.
D) Scratches will appear as black lines on the developed film due to the intensifying screen's inability to fluoresce.

Question 48

When faced with multiple choices of the same mAs with different combination of times (seconds) and mA, what is the best choice?

A) The one with the fastest time, so you have less patient and/or personnel exposure
B) The one with the fastest time, so you have less patient movement
C) The highest mA so more electrons form, thereby increasing the density
D) It doesn't matter which mA, as they all are the same

Question 49

Which of the following pieces of information must appear on the radiograph for labeling purposes?

A) kVp
B) mA
C) Doctors name
D) Clinic name and address

Question 50

Increasing the kVp:

A) increases the positive charge of the cathode
B) causes the electrons to move faster
C) makes a longer wavelength
D) produces a shorter scale of contrast

Question 51

The penumbra effect can be decreased by:

A) increasing the kVp
B) increasing the mA
C) increasing the SID
D) increasing the OID

Question 52

Ultrasound mirror image artifacts can be minimized by:

A) directing the transducer back toward the organ of interest
B) increasing the depth to include more area
C) decreasing the depth to include only the area of interest
D) directing the transducer forward, toward the diaphragm

Question 53

About _____% of radiographic density is due to the intensifying screen and _____% is from direct x-ray exposure.

A) 99, 1
B) 1, 99
C) 5, 95
D) 95, 5