Deck 16: Disorders in Immunity

Question 1

A person with O type blood

A) lacks antibodies to A and B blood types.
B) lacks A and B antigens.
C) could not have the Rh factor.
D) is called a universal recipient.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

A) sensitizing dose.
B) provocative dose.
C) allergic dose.
D) hypersensitivity dose.
E) desensitizing dose.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when

A) maternal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁻ fetus.
B) fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁻ mother.
C) maternal Rh⁻ cells enter an Rh⁺ fetus.
D) fetal Rh⁻ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.
E) fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

A) Type 1 only.
B) Type 1 and Type 4.
C) Type 4 only.
D) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Question 5

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

A) Type 1 only.
B) Type 1 and Type 4.
C) Type 4 only.
D) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Question 6

Which is mismatched?

A) food allergy - Type 1 hypersensitivity
B) poison ivy dermatitis - Type 4 hypersensitivity
C) serum sickness - Type 3 hypersensitivity
D) transfusion reaction - Type 2 hypersensitivity
E) hay fever - Type 4 hypersensitivity

Question 7

Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

A) ingestant
B) inhalant
C) injectant
D) contactant

Question 8

Human blood types involve all the following, except

A) MHC genes.
B) ABO antigen markers.
C) inheritance of two of three possible alleles.
D) genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
E) genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.

Question 9

A female who is Rh⁺

A) inherited two recessive genes.
B) is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status.
C) is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D) can only have an Rh positive baby.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

A) recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs.
B) fever and anemia.
C) systemic shock and kidney failure.
D) massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an

A) autoimmune disease.
B) immunodeficiency.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) transfusion reaction.
E) desensitization.

Question 12

Histamine causes all the following, except

A) increased sensitivity to light.
B) constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.
C) relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
D) wheal and flare reaction in skin.
E) pruritis and headache.

Question 13

What will be the immediate action of allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

A) degranulation
B) bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D) Histamine acts on smooth muscle.
E) Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Question 14

All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity, except

A) IgM.
B) IgG.
C) IgE.
D) complement.
E) foreign cells.

Question 15

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by

A) injecting the mother with antibodies against the Rh factor late in the pregnancy and after giving birth.
B) treating the fetus with immune globulin.
C) birth by cesarean section.
D) treating the mother with RhoGAM early in the pregnancy.

Question 16

Which event releases the chemical mediators?

A) degranulation
B) binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D) Histamine acts on smooth muscle.
E) Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Question 17

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

A) ingestant
B) inhalant
C) injectant
D) contactant

Question 18

Which of the following is incorrect about the role of mast cells and basophils in allergies?

A) They degranulate when triggered by a specific allergen through the IgE bound to them.
B) They carry high numbers of cell receptors that bind to IgE antibodies.
C) Their cytoplic secretory vesicles contain physiologically active cytokines.
D) They are found mainly in the lymph nodes.

Question 19

The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh^- will have which of the following antibodies?

A) anti-A, anti-Rh
B) anti-B, anti-Rh
C) anti-A
D) anti-B
E) anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh

Question 20

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type 1 hypersensitivity?

A) Rhinitis
B) Rashes
C) Sneezing
D) Diarrhea
E) Contact dermatitis

Question 21

Severe combined immunodeficiencies SCIDs) are due to

A) autoantibodies.
B) delayed hypersensitivity.
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D) failure of B cell development and maturity.
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T-cells and B cells.

Question 22

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in

A) serum sickness.
B) delayed hypersensitivity.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) hemolytic disease of the newborn.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 23

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) myasthenia gravis.
C) Graves'disease.
D) tuberculin reaction.
E) multiple sclerosis.

Question 24

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of

A) autoantibodies.
B) delayed hypersensitivity.
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D) failure of B cell development and maturity.
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T-cells and B cells.

Question 25

Treatment for agammaglobulinemia is

A) frequent transfusions of Rh⁺ blood.
B) passive immunotherapy and continuous antibiotic therapy.
C) bone marrow transplant.
D) allografts of skin.
E) continuous immunosuppressive therapy.

Question 26

Which is incorrect about DiGeorge syndrome?

A) It is a severe deficiency of T-cells.
B) Sometimes it is associated with a deletion in chromosome 22.
C) Common childhood diseases can be fatal in affected children.
D) The major therapy is a bone marrow transplant.
E) Symptoms include reduced growth and unusual facial characteristics.

Question 27

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchosp, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is

A) prostaglandin.
B) histamine.
C) leukotriene.
D) serotonin.
E) platelet-activating factor.

Question 28

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) ingestant - nuts
B) inhalant - bee sting
C) injectant - vaccine
D) contactant - rubber
E) ingestant - food additive

Question 29

Epinephrine

A) is an antihistamine.
B) reverses constriction of airways.
C) causes desensitization.
D) inhibits the activity of lymphocytes.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

All of the following operate in surveillance and destruction of tumor cells, except

A) macrophages.
B) B cells.
C) natural killer cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.

Question 31

Which of the following can cause secondary acquired immunodeficiencies in T-cells and B cells?

A) radiation
B) chemotherapy
C) organic disease
D) infection
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing

A) desensitization.
B) sensitization.
C) tissue matching.
D) degranulation.

Question 33

Which of the following can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity?

A) host rejection of graft
B) graft versus host disease
C) formation of autoantibodies
D) hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 34

What is the Arthus reaction?

A) an autoimmune disorder
B) an acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site
C) a positive tuberculosis skin test
D) the lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion
E) the name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test

Question 35

Jose needs a kidney due to his diabetes. His sister is a close match and is willing to give him one of hers. What type of transplant is this?

A) allograft
B) xenograft
C) autograft
D) heterograft

Question 36

Contact dermatitis involves

A) a sensitizing and provocative dose.
B) allergen entering the skin.
C) T-lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines.
D) itchy papules and blisters.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is a risk of a bone marrow transplant that is not typically a risk of a kidney or heart transplant?

A) host rejection of graft
B) graft versus host disease
C) formation of autoantibodies
D) hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 38

All of the following are associated with IgE^_ and mast cell-mediated allergy, except

A) drug allergy.
B) eczema.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) allergic asthma.
E) systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 39

A xenograft is a tissue exchange

A) between identical twins.
B) between siblings.
C) from one site on the body to another site.
D) between individuals of different species.

Question 40

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is

A) AIDS.
B) adenosine deaminase ADA) deficiency.
C) DiGeorge syndrome.
D) agammaglobulinemia.
E) type I diabetes.

Question 41

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

Question 42

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

Question 43

A person who is Rh negative will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

Question 44

After a bone marrow transplant, the recipient's blood type may change to the blood type of the donor.

Question 45

The practice of delaying the introduction of solid foods may help prevent the development of food allergies, but doesn't provide complete protection.

Question 46

In an isograft, tissue from an identical twin is used.

Question 47

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T-cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign Class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Question 48

Which of the following does not belong with transformed cancer cells?

A) oncogenic viruses
B) increased rate of growth
C) chromosomal alterations
D) capacity for limited division
E) changed surface molecules

Question 49

The antigens to which allergic individuals are sensitive are termed _____.

Question 50

All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except

A) persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors.
B) persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC.
C) persons with this type of blood have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their pla.
D) this is the most common blood type among all racial groups in the U.S.

Question 51

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

Question 52

Cancer cells can not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.

Question 53

All of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases, except

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Grave's disease.
C) Hashimoto thyroiditis.
D) myasthenia gravis.
E) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Question 54

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms as well as skin and respiratory symptoms.

Question 55

The allergen in poison ivy plants is oil called urushiol.

Question 56

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

Question 57

The heart of a baboon transplanted to a human would be a/an

A) xenograft.
B) autograft.
C) allograft.
D) heterograft.
E) homograft.

Question 58

Which cells play the greatest role in allergic symptoms?

A) T-cells
B) monocytes
C) pla cells
D) mast cells
E) eosinophils

Question 59

All of the following cells participate in immune surveillance, except

A) macrophages.
B) natural killer cells.
C) cytotoxic T-cells.
D) pla cells.
E) All of the choices participate.

Question 60

Allergic reactions to penicillin are an example of a

A) Type 1 hypersensitivity.
B) Type 2 hypersensitivity.
C) Type 3 hypersensitivity.
D) Type 4 hypersensitivity.

Question 61

Discuss the proposed theories that attempt to explain the origin of autoimmunity.

Question 62

Compare and contrast local atopies and contact dermatitis with regard to: a) components and events of the immune response, b) tissue damaging mediators, and c) two examples of each.

Question 63

Type _____ hypersensitivities involve soluble antigen with IgM or IgG forming complexes that can deposit in tissues.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 64

Compare and contrast local atopies and systemic anaphylaxis with regard to: a) events of the hypersensitivity, b) chemical mediators and their effects, c) patient tissues involved, and d) two specific examples of each.

Question 65

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an
_____.

Question 66

The _____ dose of an allergen results in signs and symptoms of the allergy.

Question 67

An _____ is any chronic local allergy.

Question 68

At birth, a neonate with blood Type O will have circulating anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 69

Write a definition for immunopathology and discuss the four major categories of immune system responses with specific examples for each.

Question 70

One theory regarding immune tolerance and the development of autoimmunity states that during embryonic growth, some tissues are hidden behind anatomical barriers and cannot be surveyed by the developing immune system. Later in life, some of these tissues may be exposed to the immune system as a result of trauma or infection and the immune system responds by developing an immune reaction against these tissues as if they were foreign. This theory is the

A) theory of molecular mimmicry.
B) theory of immune deficiency.
C) forbidden clone theory.
D) sequestered antigen theory.

Question 71

Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to inhaled pollen or molds.

Question 72

Which of the following methods is/are used for determining the most appropriate donor tissue for a particular recipient?

A) tissue typing
B) mixed lymphocyte reaction
C) ABO blood typing
D) All of these choices are correct.