Deck 33: Science, technology, and Law in the 21st Century

Question 1

Juriscience is the intersection of science,technology,and the law.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

As a result of the Gibbons v.Ogden case in 1824,the Congress has exclusive power over all commerce in the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A trademark is an intangible property right granted to authors of literary,artistic,and musical compositions.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the traditional "obvious-to-try TSM standard," if a challenger can show that anyone of ordinary skill can show the obviousness of the innovation,the invention would not be patentable.

Question 5

States have the capacity to regulate science and technology based on the state's treaty powers,which is the ability to uphold and sustain the public health,safety,welfare,and morals.

Question 6

The World Health Organization (WHO)has a branch office in each member nation's country.In the United States,the WHO's branch office is called the Center for Disease and Control (CDC)in Atlanta.

Question 7

Uncontrolled population growth and Heilbroner's book led to the U.S.Supreme Court decisions in Connecticut v.Griswold and Roe v.Wade.

Question 8

The G-77 is a group of developed nations,headed by United States and Russia,that have developed the dependency theory of economic development.

Question 9

In the Lexmark v.Impressions Products case involving the purchase of compatible toner cartridges,the U.S.Supreme Court,the Court held that the 'right to tinker' is not patent infringement.

Question 10

A copyright protects the idea itself rather than the expression of an idea.

Question 11

"Hard Power" consists of military force and economic influence.

Question 12

The Classic Case,JCVI and Patent Application US2007 0264688: "To Be or Not to Be ...Alive,involved the issue of patenting a self-replicating completely synthetic life-form.

Question 13

The America Invents Act (AIA)passed in 2011 amended U.S.Patent Law for the first time in decades,and adopted the "first to invent" process.

Question 14

The UN's Economic and Social Council takes approximately 70% of the UN's annual operating budget.

Question 15

The WIPO is a specialized agency that has the job of providing international healthcare to developing nations.

Question 16

A patent is a plan,process,device,procedure,formula,pattern,compilation,technique,program,design,method,or improvement used in a business and disclosed only to those employees who need to know it to do their jobs.

Question 17

WIPO shields intellectual property from copyright infringement,patent violations,and IP theft.

Question 18

The most powerful clause in Article I is the commerce clause (Article I,

Question 19

In this pioneering book,Inquiry into the Human Prospect,Robert Heilbroner argued that the planet Earth is faced with one major challenge if humanity expects to continue into the 21st and the 22nd centuries.

Question 20

The Supremacy Clause means that federal law can preempt state law covering the same subject matter.

Question 21

NIOs that are completely dependent upon their member nations and would be unable to do anything without their support are referred to as:

A)entity level NIOs.
B)semi-autonomous NIOs.
C)aggregate NIOs.
D)trans-national NIOs.

Question 22

The NSF was created to:

A)conduct research into all aspects of human life and health and to apply that understanding to cure illnesses,to alleviate disabilities,and to lengthen human life.
B)support scientific research,to stimulate the national economy,and to safeguard national security.
C)coordinate advances in technology and engineering as they relate to the practical jobs of improving the American economy.
D)build an integrated technology policy especially designed to meet the needs of the national government.

Question 23

The three issues that author Robert Heilbroner thought would challenge the existence of the human race are: (1)________, (2)the challenge of uncontrolled population growth,and (3)the destruction of the environment.

A)terrorism
B)nuclear war
C)incurable communicable diseases
D)death of the sun

Question 24

The primary job of the Chief Technology Officer of the United States is to:

A)build an integrated technology policy especially designed to meet the needs of the national government.
B)support scientific research,to stimulate the national economy,and to safeguard national security.
C)conduct research into all aspects of human life and health and to apply that understanding to cure illnesses,to alleviate disabilities,and to lengthen human life.
D)coordinate advances in technology that will help improve the American economy.

Question 25

The ________ is responsible for regulating the transportation and the wholesale price of natural gas and electricity sold for use in interstate commerce.

A)National Transportation Safety Board
B)Federal Trade Commission
C)Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
D)Federal Communications Commission

Question 26

________ is aimed at understanding the laws of nature and the principles of the physical universe without any practical goals in mind.

A)Pure research
B)Juriscience
C)The motivation test
D)Applied research

Question 27

In the case of ________,the United States Supreme Court decided that it was possible to define and patent a life-form.

A)Diamond v.United States
B)Diamond v.Chakrabarty
C)Roe v.Wade
D)Carey v.Population Services International

Question 28

The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty:

A)gives copyright holders the right to copy,publish,and distribute their works in any way,including by making video copies,audio copies,and encrypted copies.
B)makes it illegal to use technological means to bypass or override programs designed to prevent access to a copyrighted work.
C)guarantees that copyright holders will be allowed to use the Internet to post their works with full copyright protection.
D)grants limited immunity to persons who duplicate copyrighted works on the Internet,as long as those users do not profit from the copying process.

Question 29

In Classic Case #2,the Venter Institute filed patent #US 2007 0264688 with the U.S.Patent Office in an attempt to patent synthetic life because Venter had produced a self-replicating ________ completely under the control of a synthetic genome.

A)patent
B)copyright
C)amoeba cell
D)bacterial cell

Question 30

________ refers to all relevant technical knowledge about the field to which the invention belongs.

A)Patent watch
B)Trade secret
C)Priority right
D)Prior art

Question 31

The clause that gives the most power to Congress in Article I of the U.S.Constitution is the ________ clause,which has been used over the last two centuries to empower Congress to regulate science and technology.

A)commerce
B)equal protection
C)due process
D)necessary and proper

Question 32

Which of the following statements holds true for a patent?

A)A patent application cannot be accessed by the general public.
B)A patent expires at the end of a 20-year period.
C)A patent is subject to "first-to-invent" patent process,rather than the "first-to-file" process.
D)A patent is a process used in a business and disclosed only to those employees who need to know it to do their jobs.

Question 33

The ________ clause of the U.S.Constitution reads that Congress is empowered to lay and collect taxes,duties,imposts,and excises,and to pay the debts of the United States.

A)necessary and proper
B)general welfare
C)commerce
D)supremacy

Question 34

A ________ is a symbol,picture,image,name,device,color,or word that a business uses to distinguish itself from its competitors.

A)patent
B)copyright
C)royalty
D)trademark

Question 35

In 1998,President Clinton signed the ________,which called for the primary industrial nations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions below levels recorded in 1900.

A)United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
B)Copenhagen Protocol
C)Kyoto Protocol
D)Agenda 21

Question 36

A ________ is a property right granted by the federal government to an inventor.

A)patent
B)copyright
C)royalty
D)trademark

Question 37

Permits issued under the Clean Water Act relate to the:

A)use of river water for agricultural purposes.
B)use of potable water for industrial purposes.
C)use of water by industries beyond permissible limits.
D)release of pollutants into the waterways within legal limits.

Question 38

The ________ clause has been interpreted to mean that the Supreme Court has the legal authority to short-circuit any state statute that contradicts the U.S.Constitution.

A)necessary and proper
B)general welfare
C)commerce
D)supremacy

Question 39

A ________ is an intangible property right granted to authors of musical compositions,while a ________ gives a person the exclusive right to sell an invention.

A)copyright;trade secret
B)copyright;patent
C)patent;trade secret
D)trademark;patent

Question 40

In the Opening Case,the plaintiff-nurse alleged the defendant-hospital did (did not)do all of the following except:

A)did not properly train the nurse for the task of dealing with such cases.
B)did not provide her with proper protective gear.
C)did not train her in the gear she was given,inadequate though it was.
D)provide her with effective assistance of counsel.

Question 41

In the past,infant and childhood deaths and short life spans used to limit population growth.In today's world,thanks to improved nutrition,sanitation,and medical care,more babies survive their first few years of life.The combination of a continuing high birth rate and a low death rate is creating a rapid population increase in many countries in Asia,Latin America and Africa.Which organization was formed under the United Nations auspices to deal with the problem of population increase? What are the main functions of this organization?

Question 42

Oil Down is an organization which is exploring the possibility of striking oil in the outskirts of a local county.It strikes oil and transports it with the help of pipelines running through the local creek and river.One day,due to some reason,the oil pipeline ruptures,thereby causing contamination of the local creek and river.Under which act would the organization be liable to the federal government and what would be the punishment accorded to the organization?

Question 43

The Three Mile Island accident was a core meltdown in Unit 2 (a pressurized water reactor)of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Dauphin County,Pennsylvania near Harrisburg,United States in 1979.It let large amounts of nuclear reactor coolant escape.Which organization handles such cases and how does it ensure that they are not repeated again?

Question 44

Joan Kilney had a major car accident.She continued to be fed through a surgically-implanted gastrostomy tube for a period of five years.She expressed a wish to end the prolonged agony by taking recourse to the right to die.What difficulties are generally faced by a trial court in such cases and what could be the remedy as has envisaged by several commentators?

Question 45

Kan Lee is a U.S.citizen and an employee of MetLoc systems.He was caught stealing and handing over semiconductors to another individual,who is a citizen of a foreign country.Both individuals were arrested.Which law would be invoked in order to prosecute Kan Lee and what would be the punishment if Kan is convicted?

Question 46

John is a mechanical engineer.He has designed a car which uses water rather than fossil fuel to run.Is John's invention eligible to be patented?

Question 47

Lashkar-e-Taiba is one of the largest and most active,militant Islamist terrorist organizations in South Asia,operating mainly from Pakistan.The organization is banned as a terrorist organization by India,Pakistan,the United States,the United Kingdom,and the European Union.Lashkar-e Taiba has attacked civilian and military targets in India,most notably the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the 2001 Indian Parliament attack.While discussing the exercise of international power by nongovernmental international organizations (NIOs),how does one categorize Lashkar-e-Taiba?

Question 48

Sienna runs a restaurant.The barbeque chicken that is served in the restaurant is famous and draws a large crowd.Sienna follows a special process of preparing the chicken.This process is not known to anyone except Sienna and her cook.Does this process of barbequing chicken qualify as a trade secret?

Question 49

Hercules Steel Castings Company,Inc.manufactures steel castings.It does not follow the permissible limits with regard to the release of polluting gases in the air.It has also failed to report violations of pollution control laws to the federal government.Which act does it violate and which agency would have the power to prosecute this organization?

Question 50

Polio cases have decreased by over 99% since 1988,from an estimated 350,000 cases then to 1349 reported cases in 2010.The reduction is the result of the global effort to eradicate the disease.In most countries,the global effort has expanded capacities to tackle other infectious diseases by building effective surveillance and immunization systems.Success hinges on financing the next steps of the global eradication initiative.The World Health Organization has played a significant role in meeting such health challenges.How does the WHO accomplish its targets?