Deck 9: Stage II: Helping Clients Design Problem-Managing Outcomes and Set Goals

Question 1

____ assumes that there is always more than one answer.

A)Hope
B)Adaptation
C)Convergent thinking
D)Divergent thinking

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not a benefit of goal setting?

A)To help clients focus their attention and action
B)To help clients mobilise their energy and effort
C)To help clients trust their gut reactions to immediate problems
D)To help clients increase persistence

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Role models can be helpful for clients by ____.

A)envisioning the future through others
B)providing exemplars of others who are doing things perfectly or near perfect
C)providing solutions
D)providing a set of guidelines for behavior

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following the LEAST likely reason for why creative problem solving often eludes clients?

A)They have a counselor who doesn't stimulate them to use their creative potential.
B)They possess emotional,behavioral,and cognitive inhibitions to innovative thinking.
C)They possess life histories and personal characteristics that are antagonistic to creativity.
D)They have inherited little or no creative talent.

Question 5

Which of the following are inhibitors to creative problem solving?

A)Nonconformity
B)Independence from authority
C)Deeply ingrained self-defeating habits and dependence on authority
D)All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is a key aspect of creativity?

A)Realism
B)Persistence
C)Simplicity
D)Counterdependency

Question 7

Task II-B of Stage II is about moving from possibilities to ____.

A)new ideas
B)self-esteem
C)choices
D)reality-based understanding

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the three tasks of Stage II of the helping process?

A)Goals,outcomes,and impact ("What do I really want and need?")
B)Personal abilities ("What is there about me that I can rely on to help myself change?")
C)Commitment ("What am I willing to pay for what I want?")
D)Possibilities ("What possibilities do I have for a better future?")

Question 9

Which of the following is the best description of design thinking?

A)thinking that highlights creativity in the search for solutions
B)a hard-edged contribution to the helping professions
C)thinking that starts with context and works towards a solution
D)a process that focuses on the present rather than the future

Question 10

The main objective of helping,according to Egan,is to ____.

A)provide solutions for life's problems
B)provide a problem-management approach to life's problems
C)provide insight for life's problems
D)none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the skills for identifying possibilities for a better future?

A)Future-oriented questions
B)Creativity
C)Convergent thinking
D)Divergent thinking

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of a future-oriented probe with which to help clients imagine new future lives?

A)What patterns of behavior would be in place that are not currently in place?
B)What would this opportunity look like if you developed it?
C)What changes in your present lifestyle would make sense?
D)What current personal strength would you like to keep in the future?

Question 13

A creative person is typically characterized by ____.

A)optimism and confidence
B)an adherence to authority and norms
C)acceptance of ambiguity and uncertainty
D)both A and C

Question 14

According to Egan,which of the following is not a way to help clients set realistic goals for themselves?

A)Help clients by designing and shaping their goals.
B)Help clients state what they need and want as outcomes or accomplishments.
C)Help clients move from broad aims to clear and specific goals.
D)Help clients to make goals that are prudent.

Question 15

Client: I have worked at the same job for ten years.I know I'll never be promoted,and even if I were,I am sure I wouldn't like any new job I might get.My work life and personal life are like two small boxes that I exist in and can never escape.I can't even imagine what life outside of these boxes would look like. Helper: Why not try? What do you think life outside those boxes might look like?
In the vignette above,what is the helper trying to do in asking the client to imagine new alternatives to an unsatisfying life?

A)Help the client to imagine new steps to take to get a new job
B)Help the client to imagine new possible selves
C)Help the client to imagine new possible relationships
D)Help the client to imagine new ways of achieving a richer personal life

Question 16

Which of the following is a criterion for shaping goals that you would want to guide you in working with clients? Goals should be ____.

A)stated as outcomes rather than activities
B)set in a reasonable time frame
C)congruent with the client's values
D)all of the above

Question 17

Innovation involves ____.

A)getting rid of boundaries
B)thinking beyond one's limited horizon
C)turning possibilities into a practical programme for change
D)moving outside the box

Question 18

According to Synder,hope is a process where ____.

A)people think about a goal,have a desire to move toward the goal,and come up with creative strategies for accomplishing the goal
B)people move from hopelessness,to ambivalence,to hopeful
C)one learns to accept ambiguity and the inability to impose order on the ambiguous
D)one learns to focus on the qualities of the present

Question 19

One way of helping clients invent the future is to ask them,or get them to ask themselves,future-oriented questions related to their current ________.

A)successfully managed problems
B)unmanaged problems or undeveloped opportunities
C)self contracts
D)aspirations

Question 20

In helping people think about a better future,you may use a technique called ________,in which you instruct clients to come up with as many ideas as possible without criticism and use one idea to stimulate others,and to encourage clients to let themselves go and develop some "wild" possibilities.

A)piggybacking
B)brainstorming
C)scaffolding
D)convergent thinking

Question 21

Overcoming the problems for goal setting that are a result of the shadow side requires ____.

A)good training for the helpers
B)post-decision depression
C)highly intelligent clients
D)a solid theoretical model for understanding the underlying reasons for problems

Question 22

What is true regarding setting goals as well as a realistic time frame?

A)There is no set time frame for every client.
B)Setting mini goals can be helpful early in counseling.
C)Putting a time frame on a goal can add value.
D)All of these are true.

Question 23

Mara is unhappy in her career.A decision to work on improving small things within her job rather than changing careers is an example of ____ change.

A)primary
B)first-order
C)second-order
D)tertiary

Question 24

Feedback can be used to help clients develop self-efficacy if it is ____.

A)based on deficiencies in the client's personality
B)based on deficiencies in the client's performance
C)not based on deficiencies but focused only on the client's strengths
D)not corrective but focused on general effort

Question 25

Heather doesn't really like Carlotta.Carlotta wants Heather to be her friend.She sets a goal for herself to get Heather to become her friend.What is the problem with this goal?

A)It is not specific.
B)It is outside of Carlotta's control.
C)It is a short-term goal.
D)It is not an outcome goal.

Question 26

Setting goals that have some flexibility ____.

A)typically undermines tenacity
B)is not recommended because it reduces specificity
C)can be important for taking advantage of emerging opportunities
D)typically leads to less commitment

Question 27

Goals that are strategies for achieving higher-order goals are called ____ goals.

A)ultimate
B)subordinate
C)instrumental
D)intentional

Question 28

Coping can be an important goal.What are the three suggestions by Folkman and Moskowitz (2000)for dealing with chronic stress?

A)Positive reappraisal,problem-focused coping,and infusing ordinary events with positive meaning
B)Positive reappraisal,solution-focused interventions,and infusing ordinary events with positive meaning
C)Realistic appraisal,repressive focusing,and dissociative strategies
D)Realistic appraisal,problem-focused coping,and dissociative strategies

Question 29

____ refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.These beliefs influence how people think,feel,motivate themselves,and act.

A)Corrective feedback
B)Personal self-esteem
C)Self prognosis
D)Perceived self-efficacy

Question 30

Which of the following is not a way to help clients with their commitment to goals?

A)Help clients own their goals
B)Help client search for incentives
C)Help clients identify specific disadvantages or drawbacks
D)Help clients deal with competing agendas