Deck 4: Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Question 1

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the ________.

A) nuclear envelope
B) nucleosome
C) nucleolus
D) nucleoplasm
E) chromatin

Answer 1

chromatin

Question 2

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A) mitochondria
B) lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) chloroplast
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ________.

A) ribosome
B) nucleolus
C) nucleus
D) Golgi apparatus
E) lysosome

Answer 3

nucleolus

Question 4

Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in ________.

A) protozoa
B) algae
C) fungi
D) bacteria
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A) are used for cell motility
B) facilitate chemotaxis
C) facilitate phototaxis
D) are long, whiplike structures
E) contain microtubules

Question 6

The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is ________.

A) mostly polysaccharide
B) the site where many metabolic reactions occur
C) also called the cell wall
D) composed of lipids
E) protection against osmotic lysis

Question 7

A(n) ________ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

A) perixosome
B) lysosome
C) magnetosome
D) inclusion
E) ribosome

Question 8

The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ________.

A) archaea
B) bacteria
C) prokaryotes
D) the last common ancestor
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Protists with contractile vacuoles ________.

A) are algae
B) use them to expel excess water from the cell
C) typically live in salty seawater
D) use them for motility
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ________.

A) protozoa
B) algae
C) fungi
D) bacteria
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosomes
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Chloroplasts
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of ________ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A) filaments
B) microtubules
C) flagella
D) cilia
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Histones are ________.

A) found in polyribosomes
B) enzymes found in lysosomes
C) proteins of the cytoskeleton
D) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Cell walls are not usually found in ________.

A) protozoa
B) algae
C) fungi
D) bacteria
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Protists include ________.

A) yeasts and molds
B) algae and protozoa
C) helminths
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ________.

A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) Golgi apparatus
D) chloroplasts
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ________.

A) sterols
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) cholesterol
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?

A) Protection
B) Adherence
C) Movement
D) Reception of chemical signals
E) All of the choices are functions.

Question 19

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.

A) histones
B) chromatin
C) pores
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) inclusions

Question 21

The long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called ________.

A) conidiophores
B) pseudohyphae
C) hyphae
D) septate
E) ascus

Question 22

The cytoskeleton ________.

A) anchors organelles
B) provides support
C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D) helps maintain cell shape
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is ________.

A) 30S
B) 40S
C) 50S
D) 70S
E) 80S

Question 24

When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called ________.

A) pseudohyphae
B) septa
C) molds
D) dimorphic
E) mycelium

Question 25

The group of protozoa that have flagella are the ________.

A) sarcodina
B) ciliophora
C) mastigophora
D) apicomplexa
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 26

Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.

A) enzymes for metabolism
B) cristae
C) electron transport chain proteins
D) enzymes for photosynthesis
E) 70S ribosomes (prokaryote)

Question 27

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called ________.

A) saprobes
B) parasites
C) substrates
D) nonseptate
E) dimorphic

Question 28

The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the ________.

A) sarcodina
B) ciliophora
C) mastigophora
D) apicomplexa
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 29

Filamentous fungi are called ________.

A) pseudohyphae
B) septa
C) molds
D) dimorphic
E) mycelium

Question 30

The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a ________.

A) septum
B) rhizoid
C) spore
D) bud
E) mycelium

Question 31

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A) Have cell walls
B) Photosynthetic
C) Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D) Heterotrophic nutrition
E) Can use a wide variety of nutrients

Question 32

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ________.

A) endospore
B) cyst
C) seed
D) trophozoite
E) sporozoa

Question 33

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A) motility
B) ectoplasm and endoplasm
C) heterotrophic nutrition
D) formation of a cyst stage
E) cell wall

Question 34

The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the ________.

A) amoeba/sarcodina
B) ciliophora
C) mastigophora
D) apicomplexa/sporozoa
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 35

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the ________.

A) cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
B) nucleus; Golgi apparatus
C) cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called ________.

A) dimorphic
B) saprobes
C) pseudohyphae
D) spores
E) parasites

Question 37

Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.

A) secondary infections
B) vegetative infections
C) mycoses
D) saprobic infections
E) parasitoses

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?

A) Structural framework for the cell
B) Anchor points for organelles
C) Made up of microfilaments
D) Made up of microtubules
E) Made up of cilia

Question 39

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ________.

A) trophozoite
B) cyst
C) sporozoite
D) oocyst
E) food vacuole

Question 40

Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi?

A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Chloroplast
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 41

Parasitic worms have a highly developed ________ system.

A) digestive
B) nervous
C) respiratory
D) muscular
E) reproductive

Question 42

Protozoan endoplasm contains ________.

A) ectoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) flagella
D) oral groves
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 43

The cell wall of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall.

Question 44

Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host?

A) Primary host
B) Secondary host
C) Definitive host
D) Transport host
E) Mating takes place in all hosts.

Question 45

Larval development of helminths occurs in which host?

A) Primary host
B) Intermediate (secondary) host
C) Definitive host
D) Transport host
E) Mating takes place in all hosts.

Question 46

Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?

A) In kingdom Protista
B) Parasitic worms
C) Eggs and sperm used for reproduction
D) Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
E) Have various organ systems

Question 47

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

Question 48

The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.

Question 49

All of the following are helminths except ________.

A) pinworms
B) flukes
C) trypanosomes
D) roundworms
E) tapeworms

Question 50

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of ________.

A) protozoa
B) algae
C) helminths
D) fungi
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 51

Protozoan cysts ________.

A) are part of all protozoan life cycles
B) are necessary for transmission to a new host
C) are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions
D) are the primary form of replication
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 52

After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease?

A) HIV
B) Nagleria fowleri
C) Plasmodium falciparum
D) Trichophyton
E) Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 53

Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the ________.

A) fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water
B) direct transmission from one host to another
C) puncture wounds
D) insect bites
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 54

The nuclear envelope is a single layer.

Question 55

Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.

Question 56

Which of the following is not classified as a helminth?

A) Tapeworm
B) Fluke
C) Flatworm
D) Roundworm
E) All of the choices are helminths.

Question 57

In humans, helminths generally infect the ________.

A) digestive tract
B) urinary tract
C) nervous system
D) muscular system
E) skin

Question 58

Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

Question 59

Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.

Question 60

Which is mismatched?

A) Giardia - causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
B) Histoplasma - fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C) Trichomonas - sexually transmitted vaginal infection
D) Plasmodium - protozoan that causes Chagas disease
E) Naegleria - amoeba that causes brain infection

Question 61

All fungi have hyphae.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true concerning the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes, evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor.
B) Studies suggest that eukaryotes evolved directly from prokaryotes
C) Genetic evidence has shown that archaea were the precursor to prokaryotes, which in turn were the precursor to eukaryotes.
D) Evolutionary biologists have shown that eukaryotes appeared first and led to the evolution of prokaryotic cells.

Question 63

In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.

Question 64

Which of the following describes the relationship between the fungal hyphae and mycelia?

A) Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium.
B) Mycelia are filamentous cells that grow together to form hyphae.
C) Colonies of yeasts grow together to form hyphae, which then extend to form a mycelium.
D) Septate hyphae aggregate to form mycelia and nonseptate hyphae form yeasts through budding.

Question 65

Which fiber of the cytoskeleton is a hollow tube that is also a component of flagella and the spindle fibers that form during mitosis?

A) Microtubules
B) Actin filaments
C) Intermediate filaments
D) Hyphae

Question 66

Which type(s) of eukaryotic organisms can cause infections in humans?

A) Helminths
B) Fungi
C) Protozoans
D) Helminths, fungi, and protozoans

Question 67

Which of the following are mismatched?

A) Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
B) Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO₂
C) Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism

Question 68

The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.

A) A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
B) A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
C) A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
D) A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria

Question 69

Fungal spores differ from bacterial endospores in that ________.

A) fungal spores are reproductive, whereas bacterial endospores are for survival
B) fungal spores are a result of sexual reproduction only, whereas bacterial endospores are a result of binary fission
C) bacterial endospores are reproductive, whereas fungal spores are for survival
D) fungal spores result from binary fission and bacterial endospores result from meiosis

Question 70

Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols, whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that ________.

A) unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane
B) eukaryotic nutrients are rich in sterols, which then become embedded in the membrane
C) sterols are essential catalysts for the efficient functioning of the cell membrane
D) sterols are necessary membrane molecules that mediate the transport of dissolved nutrients from the cell environment to the cytosol

Question 71

Which of the following lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria evolved from the endosymbiosis of a pre-eukaryotic cell with a prokaryote?

A) They contain circular molecules of DNA
B) They contain 70S ribosomes
C) They divide independently from the cell
D) All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.

Question 72

Scientists believe that the modern eukaryotic cell evolved 3.5 billion years ago when a photosynthetic bacteria and an aerobic bacteria fused together.

Question 73

The Last Common Ancestor gave rise to the cells in the three domains that we recognize today; bacteria archaea and eukaryotes.

Question 74

All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals.

Question 75

The public health information flyer explains that an amoeba is which type of microorganism?

A) A prokaryotic alga
B) A eukaryotic fungus
C) A eukaryotic protozoan
D) A prokaryotic bacterium

Question 76

All algae have chloroplasts.

Question 77

A saprobe differs from a parasite in that ________.

A) a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue
B) a parasite acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue
C) a saprobe synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO₂ whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue
D) a parasite synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO₂ whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue

Question 78

Fungal spores arise ________.

A) when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body
B) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and asexual reproduction produces spores when a male hyphae mates with a female hyphae
C) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and asexual reproduction produces spores when two fertile hyphae fuse
D) as a result of asexual reproduction only
E) as a result of sexual reproduction only

Question 79

Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella in that ________.

A) they are thicker, they are covered by membrane and they contain microtubules
B) they are thinner, they contain microfilaments and they are not involved in motility
C) they are thicker, they are made of the protein flagellin and they move in a 360^o rotation
D) they are thinner, they have a basal body and a hook, and they contain a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 80

Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.