Deck 2: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies Jeremy D Safran, Alexander Kriss and Victoria Foley

Question 1

A type of intrapsychic defense that is particularly important to Kleinian theory is called

A) splitting.
B) projection.
C) intellectualization.
D) transference.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The shift in psychoanalytic therapies from a one- versus two-person psychology refers to the emphasis psychoanalytical therapy places on

A) couples counseling to address distress.
B) the role of family in development of pathology.
C) mutual influence of therapist and patient in therapy.
D) transference and countertransference.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

People's fantasies play an important role in their psychic functioning. Which of the following concepts is correct in context with the given statement?

A) The unconscious
B) Fantasy
C) Defenses
D) Transference

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During psychoanalysis, a patient discusses a fantasy. The psychoanalytical therapist would see this fantasy as linked to a(n)

A) irrational belief system.
B) cognitive distortion.
C) behavioral pattern warranting change.
D) instinctually derived wish.

Question 5

Psychoanalytic theory would assert that the behavior of a newborn is dominantly controlled by

A) collective unconscious.
B) reaction formation.
C) primary process.
D) secondary process.

Question 6

Several variations on psychoanalytic theory have emerged. The theorist who emphasized the internal representations one makes of others was

A) Anna Freud.
B) Melanie Klein.
C) Margaret Mahler.
D) Albert Ellis.

Question 7

Psychoanalytic therapists view the therapeutic relationship as

A) the vehicle for change.
B) irrelevant to the process.
C) secondary to the theory.
D) solely defined by the patient.

Question 8

Bob talks rationally about the fact that his wife of 30 years has unexpectedly asked for a divorce and discusses the practical aspects of moving out, totally avoiding any show of emotion. This is an example of

A) intellectualization.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) splitting.

Question 9

A common assumption across psychoanalytic perspectives is that humans are motivated by

A) unconscious factors.
B) learning principles.
C) relationship stressors.
D) biological predispositions.

Question 10

Freud's early view of hysteria described the symptoms as resulting from

A) hypnotic states for which the patient lacked awareness.
B) behaviors learned early in childhood from role models.
C) suppressed emotions connected with painful experiences.
D) an unresolvable sense of social inferiority.

Question 11

Secondary process refers to thinking that is

A) instinctual.
B) logical.
C) primitive.
D) visual.

Question 12

Joan becomes agitated with her psychoanalyst's interpretations, perceiving the comments as judgmental, which reminds her of interactions with her father. This is known as

A) regression.
B) transference.
C) resistance.
D) autoeroticism.

Question 13

According to drive theory, starting during infancy, there is a psychobiological push to repeat experiences that lead to tension reduction. This concept is known as

A) defense mechanisms.
B) confident expectancy.
C) embodiment actions.
D) pleasure principle.

Question 14

When someone denies a threatening feeling and is proclaiming to feel the opposite, they are displaying the defense mechanism of

A) intellectualization.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) splitting.

Question 15

Every time Charles feels insecure in his relationship with Megan, he accuses Megan of being insecure. This is an example of

A) intellectualization.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) splitting.

Question 16

Jung described emotionally charged ideas that were repressed because they were too emotionally threatening as

A) shadows.
B) complexes.
C) libidos.
D) egos.

Question 17

The process by which emotionally painful intrapsychic elements are pushed out of awareness is termed as

A) abreaction.
B) determinism.
C) conceptualization.
D) defense.

Question 18

In Studies on Hysteria, Freud wrote about his early theoretical ideas derived from work with hypnosis and hysterics. This manuscript includes a summary of the work with Anna O., whose treatment was provided by

A) Jean Charcot.
B) Josef Breuer.
C) Hermann Helmholtz.
D) Charles Darwin.

Question 19

The psychological theory created by Carl Jung is termed

A) analytical psychology.
B) individual psychology.
C) psychodynamic psychology.
D) complex psychology.

Question 20

Sally's view of her therapist continuously shifts from "good" to "bad." This is an example of

A) intellectualization.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) splitting.

Question 21

In contrast to therapy offered according to classic psychoanalytical theory, newer approaches focus less on childhood sexuality and more on

A) dream analysis.
B) id impulses.
C) determinism.
D) attachment.

Question 22

Just like how a mother will fail to attend to the needs of a child, no matter how well intended, a therapist will occasionally fail to attend to the needs of a patient. Negotiating this pattern within a relationship has been termed

A) transference and countertransference.
B) rupture and repair.
C) idealization and fixation.
D) disappointment and despair.

Question 23

A therapist points out the similarities between her female patient's current anger at a female boss and the childhood anger she felt toward her mother. The goal of psychoanalysis this illustrates is

A) narcissistic.
B) strategic.
C) transference.
D) tactical.

Question 24

The psychobiological push to repeat experiences that have become associated with tension reduction is known as the _____________.

Question 25

In contrast to traditional psychoanalysis, current psychodynamic psychotherapy approaches are less

A) directive.
B) empirically based.
C) intensive.
D) helpful.

Question 26

The ability to hold onto one's own experience while simultaneously experiencing another as an independent center of subjectivity is termed ___________.

Question 27

In contrast to short-term therapies, Leichsenring and Rabung (2008) found that, in the treatment of complex psychological disorders, long-term psychoanalytical therapies were

A) less effective overall.
B) more effective overall.
C) less satisfying to patients.
D) more satisfying to patients.

Question 28

As part of the process of normal development, children defend against feelings that are threatening by projecting them onto an attachment figure. When patients attempt to project their distress onto the therapist, it is important for the therapist to engage in __________ (i.e., attend to their own painful emotions).

Question 29

From a contemporary psychoanalytic perspective, the most fundamental intervention is

A) resolution of intrapsychic conflicts.
B) empathy.
C) breaking down defenses.
D) strengthening the superego.

Question 30

In working with patients, therapists must learn to attend to their own emotional reactions and process disturbing emotions in a nondefensive, nonjudgmental manner. This is referred to as

A) rupture.
B) interpretations.
C) enactments.
D) containment.

Question 31

When Freud revised his psychological model to a structural model, he proposed _____, _____, and _____.

Question 32

Psychoanalytical therapies rely heavily on therapists providing clients with ways to become aware of aspects of their intrapsychic experiences that have previously been unconscious. In other words, they rely on

A) interpretations.
B) enactments.
C) reconstructions.
D) confrontations.

Question 33

The major psychoanalytic tradition emerging out of some of Freud's more mature thinking came to be known as_______________.

Question 34

_____________ is conceptualized as the tendency for an individual to resist change or act in a way that undermines the therapeutic process.

Question 35

In 1923, Freud published The Ego and the Id and laid out the foundations for what subsequently became known as his ____________.

Question 36

John Bowlby theorized that infants develop early representations of attachment figures and referred to these representations as

A) projective identification.
B) transitional objects.
C) internal working models.
D) self psychology.

Question 37

Jacques Lacan would argue that the ego is a(n)

A) biological entity.
B) psychic discharge.
C) illusion.
D) catharsis.

Question 38

The publication of Freud's _____________________ in 1900 began to attract attention from a wider professional audience.

Question 39

Heinz Kohut, who studied the narcissistic personality, viewed its development as the result of the parental figures' failed attempts to appropriately respond to a child's early attention seeking. Therefore, he underscored the importance of a therapist

A) role modeling narcissism to offset patient's behavior.
B) discussing patient's expression of sexual impulses.
C) reviewing the patient's formative years.
D) establishing an empathic stance.

Question 40

If a therapist finds himself/herself reacting to a patient in a manner similar to a previous person in his or her life, this is known as _________.

Question 41

The most rigorous evidence supporting psychoanalytical therapies comes from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of ________________________.

Question 42

Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory have fallen out of favor for many reasons. Discuss some of the reasons. Describe how newer models of relational psychodynamic psychotherapy differ from Frued's foundational thinking.

Question 43

Many of Freud's ideas about psychosexual theory have been controversial, tracing back to the time they were introduced. Explain the core ideas of psychosexual theory and its explanation of psychological development.

Question 44

Psychoanalytic theory postulates a host of different change mechanisms. Explain three of these mechanisms with a focus on how each mechanism is thought to facilitate psychological growth and development.

Question 45

What does intersubjectivity mean? How it is central to the therapeutic process, according to a relational perspective?

Question 46

Psychoanalysis explains human nature from the perspective of conflict. What is viewed to be in conflict? Do you agree that psychological development is best viewed from this perspective? Why or why not?