Deck 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Question 1

Genes are located on ________.

A)chromosomes
B)the cytoplasm
C)mitosis
D)the centromere

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What specifically separates during anaphase of mitosis?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)The cytoplasm
D)The genome

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

A)Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms
B)Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves
C)Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split
D)Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

Answer 3

A

Question 4

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

A)centromere
B)gene
C)chromatin
D)genome

Question 5

When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.

A)two identical cells
B)two different cells
C)four identical cells
D)four different cells

Question 6

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

A)fertilization
B)binary fission
C)meiosis
D)mitosis

Question 7

Chromosomes are often represented as an X, with two sister chromatids attached at the centromere.Do chromosomes always look like an X?

A)Yes, chromosomes are always made up of two sister chromatids attached.
B)No, chromosomes only look like an X when condensed, but they always have two sister chromatids attached.
C)No, chromosomes only look like an X following DNA replication, and before cell division; the rest of the time, they only have one sister chromatid each.
D)No, chromosomes only look like an X right after cell division; the rest of the time, they have only one sister chromatid each.

Question 8

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

A)In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B)In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C)At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D)At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Question 9

What are attached at the centromere?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)Daughter cells
D)Genomes

Question 10

Cells spend most of their lives in ________.

A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)interphase
D)chromosome duplication

Question 11

What happens during cytokinesis?

A)The sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
B)The sister chromatids split apart and go to opposite sides of the cell.
C)The cytoplasm replicates itself to be distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.
D)The cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.

Question 12

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

A)All cells of the body except gametes (i.e., only somatic cells)
B)Gametes
C)Both somatic cells of the body and gametes
D)Neither somatic cells of the body nor gametes

Question 13

What is cytokinesis?

A)The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA
B)The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
C)The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA
D)The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Question 14

The offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

A)indifferent
B)identical
C)parsimonious
D)unique

Question 15

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

A)Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
B)Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.
C)No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
D)It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

Question 16

Cell theory states that ________.

A)cells can be created from sexual reproduction or from asexual reproduction
B)all life is made up of cells, and cells arise from preexisting cells
C)cells come from non-cell entities
D)cells go through the process of cell division

Question 17

How many chromosomes and chromatics would a typical human cell have after duplication but before mitosis?

A)23 chromosomes, 23 sister chromatids
B)23 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids
C)46 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids
D)46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids

Question 18

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

A)Interphase
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Cytokinesis

Question 19

Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________.

A)zygote
B)gamete
C)embryo
D)gonad

Question 20

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words, have more than one nucleus).How many chromosomes would be present in a human white blood cell with two nuclei?

A)46
B)92
C)184
D)It varies depending on gender.

Question 21

What specifically separates during meiosis II?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)The cytoplasm
D)The genome

Question 22

Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction?

A)Crossing over
B)Independent assortment
C)Random fertilization
D)All of the processes above generate genetic variation

Question 23

In the picture below, how many chromosomes are present?

A)22
B)23
C)46
D)92

Question 24

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?

A)6
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 25

What is a karyotype?

A)A picture of all the chromosomes in one person's cell
B)A list of all the genes on our chromosomes
C)A complete sequence of our DNA
D)A list of all the mutations in our chromosomes

Question 26

How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?

A)Embryonic stem cells secrete proteins that repair all other cell types, including nerve cells.
B)Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell.
C)Embryonic stem cells can cause any other cell type to multiply.
D)Embryonic stem cells are primarily involved with neural growth and development.

Question 27

In the picture below, what is encircled?

A)A sister chromatid
B)A single chromosome
C)Two sister chromatids
D)A pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 28

What is the gender of the person indicated in the photograph?

A)Male
B)Female
C)Cannot be determined

Question 29

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

A)2
B)23
C)46
D)92

Question 30

What specifically separates during meiosis I?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)The cytoplasm
D)The genome

Question 31

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?

A)3
B)2.5
C)2
D)1.5

Question 32

What produces four daughter cells?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 33

In reproductive cloning, when a clone grows from a single cell to a full organism, the development happens through ________.

A)meiosis
B)cloning
C)mitosis
D)surrogate growth

Question 34

Which of the following is a type of cloning?

A)Artificial cloning of plants to generate specific types of fruits or vegetables
B)Reproductive cloning, where organisms are produced through nuclear transplantation
C)Therapeutic cloning of stem cells to general specialized cell
D)All of the above are types of cloning

Question 35

Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 36

Somatic cells are ________.

A)haploid (n)
B)haploid (2n)
C)diploid (n)
D)diploid (2n)

Question 37

What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 38

Is a clone genetically identical to its parent(s)?

A)No, a clone has its own set of genetic differences from its parent.
B)Yes, a clone is genetically identical to its single parent (the donor of the nucleus).
C)No, a clone is only genetically identical to the donor of the cell in which it grew.
D)Yes, a clone is genetically identical to both of its parents (the donor of the nucleus, and the donor of the cell in which it grew).

Question 39

If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?

A)Gametes
B)Heart cells
C)Nerve cells
D)Body cells

Question 40

When does crossing over occur?

A)Cytokinesis
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis I
D)Meiosis II

Question 41

Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

A)4:1
B)1:1
C)3:1
D)1:2:1

Question 42

Two alleles of the same gene ________.

A)are always different
B)are always the same
C)can be the same or can be different
D)originate from the same parent

Question 43

What process can lead to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?

A)Crossing over
B)Independent assortment
C)Homologous recombination
D)Nondisjunction

Question 44

Since an XO female can survive but an OY male cannot, what can we conclude about the genetic information in the X and Y chromosomes?

A)Females need the Y chromosome to survive
B)Males need at least one X chromosome to survive
C)XX females are healthier than XO females
D)YY males can survive

Question 45

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment.The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism.The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.
What is Bill's genotype?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined

Question 46

The following F₁ cross is made: BBGg × Bbgg.Which is not a possible outcome in the F₂ generation?

A)BbGg
B)BbGG
C)BBgg
D)BBGg

Question 47

A testcross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier.The results generate a 50/50 ratio of phenotypes.The test subject is therefore ________.

A)heterozygous
B)homozygous dominant
C)homozygous recessive
D)heterozygous dominant

Question 48

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

A)Its phenotype
B)Its haplotype
C)Its karyotype
D)Its genotype

Question 49

Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

A)4:1
B)1:1
C)3:1
D)1:2:1

Question 50

What is different between two alleles of the same gene?

A)Their location.For example, one allele might be at the end of one chromosome, while the other allele is in the middle of another chromosome.
B)The chromosome number they are on.For example, one allele might be on chromosome 12, while the other one is on chromosome 3.
C)The information they carry.For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment.
D)The cell they are in.For example, one might be in a liver cell, while the other is in a blood cell.

Question 51

Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.

A)The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.
B)Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.
C)The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.
D)There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

Question 52

A homozygous milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a homozygous dark chocolate Easter bunny.Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics, which traits will be observable in the offspring?

A)3 dark to 1 milk
B)3 milk to 1 dark
C)All milk
D)All dark

Question 53

In a dihybrid cross involving two autosomal traits on different chromosomes in which the parents are purebred for the opposite forms of both traits, how many of the offspring would be expected to be homozygous recessive for both traits?

A)1 out of 16
B)3 out of 16
C)6 out of 16
D)9 out of 16

Question 54

The recessive trait is expressed in an individual when ________.

A)the individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele
B)the individual has two dominant alleles
C)the individual has two recessive alleles
D)the individual has one recessive allele only

Question 55

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female?

A)44
B)45
C)46
D)47

Question 56

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment.The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism.The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.
What is Geoff's genotype?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined

Question 57

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment.The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism.The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.
What is Deirdre's phenotype?

A)nn
B)Albino
C)Normal
D)Cannot be determined

Question 58

What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?

A)Jacob's syndrome
B)Down syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Turner syndrome

Question 59

An individual can be homozygous for a trait, which means ________.

A)both of their alleles carry the same information
B)their two alleles carry different information
C)they can only express the dominant trait
D)they can only express the recessive trait

Question 60

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment.The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism.The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.
What is Dawn's genotype?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)NN or Nn

Question 61

Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis, and why?

Question 62

What is a carrier?

A)An individual that has a genetic disorder
B)An individual that is healthy but carries one disease-causing recessive allele
C)An individual that is healthy but carries one disease-causing dominant allele
D)An individual that is homozygous at the gene site of interest

Question 63

Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together.These are called ________.

A)nonsegregated genes
B)joined genes
C)fused genes
D)linked genes

Question 64

A woman with blood type B and a man with blood type A could have children with which of the following phenotypes?

A)A, B, AB, or O
B)AB only
C)A, B, or O
D)AB or O

Question 65

A common form of chemotherapy used to kill cancer cells is to administer drugs that disrupt cell division.Why might this also result in anemia, hair loss, and sores in the stomach and on the skin?

Question 66

Explain the difference between a chromosome, a gene, and an allele.

Question 67

Why are individuals with Turner syndrome always female and individuals with Klinefelter syndrome always male?

Question 68

What was the probability that Deirdre and Geoff's first child would express the albino trait?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)1/8
D)3/4

Question 69

Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrum) of varying phenotypes?

A)Incomplete dominance
B)Polygenic inheritance
C)Multiple alleles
D)Single-gene traits

Question 70

The gene that encodes for plant height in sunflower plants follows a strict recessive/dominant pattern of inheritance and has 2 alleles (tall and short).A tall sunflower plant is crossed with a short sunflower plant.Half of the offspring from this cross are tall, and the other half are short.From this information, what are the parents' genotypes?

Question 71

According to the pedigree above, who is a not a carrier of albino?

A)Bill
B)Brandon
C)Aaron
D)All of the above are carriers of albino

Question 72

Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome are more commonly expressed in ________.

A)children
B)adults
C)females
D)males

Question 73

If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________.

A)typically on the X chromosome
B)typically on the Y chromosome
C)located next to one another
D)expressed only in women or only in men

Question 74

Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive genetic disorder.If a woman who was a carrier for hemophilia married a man who had the disorder, which of the following is not true?

A)Female children would have a 50% chance of being hemophiliac.
B)Female children would either have the disorder or be a carrier for the disorder.
C)All male children would be hemophiliac.
D)Male children would have a 50% chance of being hemophiliac.

Question 75

Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring?

A)Red
B)White
C)Pink
D)Red and white