Deck 3: The Cell: the Fundamental Unit of Life

Question 1

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

A)simple diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)hydrosmosis
D)osmosis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Achaea are part of the same domain as bacteria in the classification of life.
B)Archaea are made up of eukaryotic cells.
C)Archaea are older organisms than eukaryotes.
D)Archaea are typically multicellular organisms.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Identify the prokaryotic organism from the list below.

A)Fungus
B)Bacteria
C)Animal
D)Protist

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

A)It has ribosomes.
B)It has DNA.
C)It has a nucleus.
D)It is moving.

Question 5

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

A)Ribosome
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Lysosome
D)Chloroplast

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane?

A)Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within
B)One layer of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within
C)Two layers of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within
D)One layer of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within

Question 7

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

A)Chloroplast
B)Mitochondria
C)Cell wall
D)Vacuole

Question 8

Select the image that is representative of an idealized plant cell.

A)

B)

C)

D)Both A and C

Question 9

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

A)The plasma membrane
B)The cell wall
C)The nucleus
D)The chloroplast

Question 10

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?

A)Diffusion
B)Osmosis
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)All of the above are forms of passive transport

Question 11

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

A)Ribosome
B)Chloroplasts
C)Mitochondria
D)Plasma membrane

Question 12

What is a phospholipid?

A)A special kind of lipid with a water-fearing head and 2 water-loving tails
B)A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails
C)A special kind of lipid with 2 water-loving heads and 1 water-fearing tail
D)A special kind of lipid with 2 water-fearing heads and 1 water-loving tail

Question 13

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.
B)Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years)than eukaryotic cells.
C)Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years)than prokaryotic cells.
D)Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

Question 14

Were there any eukaryotic cells on Earth 1.5 billion years ago?

A)Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 3.5 billion years ago.
B)Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 1.8 billion years ago.
C)No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 1 million years ago.
D)No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 500 million years ago.

Question 15

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

A)Animal cells only
B)Animal cells and plant cells only
C)Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
D)Bacterial cells only

Question 16

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?

A)Ribosomes
B)Plasma membrane
C)Plasmids
D)Cell wall

Question 17

Eukaryotes are ________.

A)always multicellular
B)often multicellular, sometimes unicellular
C)always unicellular
D)often made of prokaryotic cells

Question 18

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

A)Storing water
B)Converting light energy into food molecules
C)Converting food energy into cellular energy
D)Assembling lipids

Question 19

Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?

A)Nucleus
B)Ribosomes
C)Mitochondria
D)Lysosome

Question 20

Prokaryotes consist of ________.

A)organisms belonging all to the same domain, bacteria
B)organisms belonging to two different domains, bacteria and archaea
C)organisms belonging to three different domains, bacteria, archaea, and protists
D)organisms belonging to eukaryotes

Question 21

Which statement best describes passive transport?

A)A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.
B)A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.
C)A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
D)A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

Question 22

Which statement best describes active transport?

A)A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.
B)A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.
C)A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
D)A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

Question 23

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

A)Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
B)DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
C)DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
D)DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

Question 24

What passes through the nuclear pores?

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA nor RNA

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true in eukaryotic cells?

A)Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
B)Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.
C)Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.
D)Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 26

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane?

A)Something small and nonpolar, such as nitrogen gas
B)Something small and polar, such as a water molecule
C)Something small and charged, such as an ion
D)Something large, such as a glucose molecule

Question 27

Where are ribosomes located in eukaryotic cells?

A)In the cytoplasm only
B)On the rough endoplasmic reticulum only
C)On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm
D)On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

Question 28

What might happen to your red blood cells if your blood solute concentration began to fall rapidly below normal?

A)Your blood cells would stay the same size.
B)Your blood cells would enlarge and could rupture because water would move into the cells via osmosis.
C)Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.
D)We do not have enough information to answer this question.

Question 29

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

A)Transcription
B)Translocation
C)Translation
D)Replication

Question 30

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Active transport
C)Passive transport
D)Osmosis

Question 31

Which of the following statements is correct regarding DNA and RNA?

A)DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.
B)RNA remains in the nucleus at all times; DNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.
C)DNA and RNA both leave the nucleus after being produced.
D)DNA and RNA both stay in the nucleus after being produced.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

A)Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.
B)Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.
C)Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.
D)Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

Question 33

Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made?

A)Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome
B)Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
D)Ribosome, Golgi apparatus

Question 34

Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur ________.

A)in the cytoplasm
B)in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)in the Golgi apparatus

Question 35

Which of the following statements is typically false?

A)DNA is double stranded, whereas RNA is single stranded.
B)DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA.
C)The process that goes from DNA to RNA is called transcription.
D)The process that goes from RNA to protein is called translation.

Question 36

What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise?

A)Your blood cells would stay the same size.
B)Your blood cells would enlarge and could rupture because water would move into the cells via osmosis.
C)Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.
D)We do not have enough information to answer this question.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true in prokaryotic organisms?

A)Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
B)Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.
C)Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.
D)Prokaryotic organisms do not carry out transcription or translation, only eukaryotic cells do.

Question 38

What is the definition of endocytosis?

A)The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
B)The digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
C)The transport of large molecules into the cell.
D)The transport of large molecules out of the cell.

Question 39

Substances are often packaged into small ________ for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell.

A)vacuoles
B)corpuscles
C)vesicles
D)organelles

Question 40

Mitochondria have an unusual characteristic for organelles that make them very useful in genetic studies.This characteristic is ________.

A)mitochondria contain their own DNA
B)mitochondria have an unusual membrane
C)mitochondria produce a lot of ATP
D)mitochondria are only found in females

Question 41

The cytoskeleton has several primary functions.The first and most obvious is that it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell.What is another function of the cytoskeleton?

A)It provides a communication network whereby chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.
B)It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.
C)It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.
D)It connects one cell to another.

Question 42

Evaluate the following statement: Larger organisms do not generally have larger cells than smaller organisms; instead, they have more cells.Is that statement true or false? Explain briefly.

Question 43

How is heat involved in photosynthesis and respiration?

A)It is a waste product.
B)It is a needed input for both reactions.
C)It is a needed input for respiration only, and a product for photosynthesis.
D)Heat is not involved in photosynthesis or in respiration.

Question 44

Four small bags are filled with a 10% starch solution.The membrane of each bag contains microscopic pores large enough to let smaller water molecules cross but too small for the larger starch molecules to cross.
Each bag is placed in a separate beaker as follows:
Bag 1 is placed in distilled water containing no starch (0% starch).
Bag 2 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 5% starch.
Bag 3 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 10% starch.
Bag 4 is placed in a solution of distilled water and 50% starch.
The bags are weighed initially and at regular intervals for a specific period of time.Some bags saw a change in weight, and some did not.

Question 45

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Mitochondria
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome

Question 46

The bacteria that cause tooth decay have a capsule.What does this tell you about the relative effectiveness of a toothbrush with stiff bristles and one with soft bristles?

Question 47

Evaluate the statement: only the nucleus of eukaryotic cells contains DNA.

Question 48

It is sometimes jokingly said that you could study for your biology test by placing your textbook under your pillow at night and thereby learn by osmosis, as the knowledge would flow from the book to your brain while you slept.Aside from the obvious silliness of this claim, what is wrong with the use of the word "osmosis" in this context? How might you lose knowledge (if knowledge could actually flow along a concentration gradient between a book and a brain) if you tried this technique?

Question 49

Why do bacteria have ribosomes?

Question 50

Vitamin C is required to produce collagen.What is collagen, and what would be the symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency?

Question 51

What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Mitochondria
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome

Question 52

What evidence would support the hypothesis that larger cells evolved in part by engulfing other, smaller cells?

Question 53

What is ATP?

A)A protein
B)A carbohydrate
C)An energy molecule
D)An information storage molecule

Question 54

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

A)Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP
B)Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP → Sugar + Oxygen
C)Oxygen + Carbon dioxide → Sugar + Water + ATP
D)Water + ATP → Carbon dioxide + Sugar

Question 55

Do only plants have vacuoles?

A)Yes, only plants cells have vacuoles.
B)No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.
C)No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve the same function as in plant cells.
D)No, bacteria also contain vacuoles that serve the same function

Question 56

The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm) is called a ________.

A)vesicle
B)flagellum
C)pilus
D)cilium

Question 57

What is the function of the cell wall?

A)To provide protection for the cell
B)To help maintain the shape of the cell
C)To provide the stiffness needed
D)All of the above are functions of the cell wall