Deck 10: Biodiversity 3: Animals

Question 1

The first animals evolved from ________.

A)protists
B)plants
C)bacteria
D)archaea

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following groups are mollusks?

A)Gastropods
B)Bivalves
C)Cephalopods
D)All of the above are groups of mollusks

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the radula's function in mollusks?

A)It helps the mollusk move.
B)It extracts oxygen from surrounding water.
C)It cuts and scrapes up food.
D)It is the location for most of the internal organs.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The first animals evolved ________.

A)6 thousand years ago
B)60 thousand years ago
C)600 thousand years ago
D)600 million years ago

Question 5

Being a heterotroph means ________.

A)making your own food from the sun
B)making your own food from oxygen
C)obtaining your food by eating other organisms
D)obtaining your food by photosynthesis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes sponges?

A)They are asymmetrical, lack tissues, and do not move.
B)They are symmetrical, lack tissues, and do not move.
C)They are asymmetrical, have tissues, and do not move.
D)They are symmetrical, have tissues, and do not move.

Question 7

What happened during the Cambrian explosion?

A)Many large volcanoes erupted.
B)There was a large asteroid impact.
C)There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.
D)Animals first evolved from single-celled organisms.

Question 8

How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)4

Question 9

Sponges are mostly found in ________.

A)marine ecosystems
B)fresh water ecosystems
C)both marine and fresh water ecosystems
D)neither marine nor fresh water ecosystems

Question 10

Which of the following best describes cnidarians?

A)They are asymmetrical and have tissues and stinging cells.
B)They have radial body symmetry, lack tissues, but have stinging cells.
C)They have radial body symmetry, tissues, and stinging cells.
D)They have radial body symmetry and tissues but lack stinging cells.

Question 11

Some restaurants serve seafood platters that contain oysters, mussels, and clams.Such platters therefore consist of ________.

A)sponges
B)cnidarians
C)gastropods
D)mollusks

Question 12

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants?

A)Animals, but not plants, are autotrophs
B)Animals, but not plants, are heterotrophs
C)Animals, but not plants, are eukaryotes
D)Animals, but not plants, are prokaryotes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes mollusks?

A)They have radial body symmetry and a soft body always covered with a shell.
B)They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a soft body always covered with a shell.
C)They have radial body symmetry and a soft body sometimes covered with a shell.
D)They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a soft body sometimes covered with a shell.

Question 14

Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile?

A)The jelly
B)The fish
C)The medusa
D)The polyp

Question 15

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla?

A)100
B)35
C)9
D)5

Question 16

Gastropods are the most numerous group of mollusks and include the ________.

A)clams and oysters
B)snails and slugs
C)squid and octopi
D)scallops and nautiluses

Question 17

Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell.What secretes the shell?

A)The foot
B)The mantle
C)The radula
D)The visceral mass

Question 18

Mollusks are more closely related to flatworms than to roundworms.

Question 19

What do sponges and cnidarians have in common?

A)Organization of cells into tissues
B)Mobility
C)Symmetry
D)None of the above are characteristics that sponges and cnidarians share

Question 20

What defines radial symmetry?

A)Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.
B)Only four planes of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.
C)Only one plane of symmetry splits the organism into equal halves.
D)No planes of symmetry exist; the organism cannot be split into equal halves.

Question 21

Why are echinoderms and chordates closely related?

A)Because they look similar
B)Because they share adaptations that other phyla do not have
C)Because they are often found together as fossils
D)Because they have the same type of body symmetry

Question 22

Roundworms are more closely related to arthropods than to flatworms.

Question 23

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum?

A)Flatworms
B)Annelids
C)Roundworms
D)Segmentation is not a defining characteristic of any of the worm phyla.

Question 24

A key characteristic of echinoderms is ________.

A)their endoskeleton
B)their foot and mantle structures
C)their segmented body
D)their fused appendages

Question 25

Which phylum is most closely related to the arthropods?

A)The mollusks
B)The echinoderms
C)The roundworms
D)The annelids

Question 26

Which of the following features are used to identify chordates?

A)A hollow nerve cord
B)A notochord
C)A tail during embryonic development
D)All of the above are features used to identify chordates.

Question 27

Flatworms are most closely related to the ________.

A)cnidarians
B)annelids
C)roundworms
D)sponges

Question 28

Which of the following characteristics are shared by all worm phyla?

A)Being heterotroph
B)Displaying bilateral symmetry
C)Having tissues
D)All of the above are characteristics shared by all worm phyla

Question 29

The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________.

A)chordates
B)flatworms
C)mollusks
D)arthropods

Question 30

Most chordates are ________.

A)invertebrates
B)vertebrates
C)mammals
D)None of the above

Question 31

The body symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________.

A)asymmetrical
B)bilateral
C)fourfold symmetrical
D)fivefold symmetrical

Question 32

Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders?

A)Arachnids
B)Crustaceans
C)Insects
D)None of the above include spiders

Question 33

Which type of worm lacks a complete digestive tract?

A)Flatworms
B)Annelids
C)Roundworms
D)All of the above

Question 34

Which arthropod subgroup includes animals with six legs?

A)Arachnids
B)Crustaceans
C)Insects
D)All of the above include animals with six legs

Question 35

All vertebrates have ________.

A)hair and a backbone
B)a skull and a backbone
C)four limbs and a backbone
D)scales and a backbone

Question 36

Echinoderms can be best described as ________.

A)eukaryotic heterotrophs with tissue, bilateral symmetry as larva, and a water vascular system
B)eukaryotic autotrophs that lack tissue, but have bilateral symmetry as larva, and a water vascular system
C)eukaryotic heterotrophs with tissue, bilateral symmetry as larva, and a blood vascular system
D)eukaryotic autotrophs with tissue, bilateral symmetry as larva, and a water vascular system

Question 37

Worms all appear to be closely related but have distinct evolutionary histories, resulting in the classification of worms into ________ phyla.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 38

Which of the following phyla is the most diverse and numerous of all animal phyla?

A)The mollusks
B)The cnidarians
C)The echinoderms
D)The arthropods

Question 39

Which worm phylum lacks body segmentation?

A)Flatworms
B)Annelids
C)Roundworms
D)Both flatworms and roundworms

Question 40

What are the key characteristics of arthropods?

A)Fused bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
B)Segmented bodies, no exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
C)Fused bodies, no exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
D)Segmented bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

Question 41

Which group of fishes evolved first (in other words, is most ancient)?

A)Bony fishes
B)Lobe-finned fishes
C)Cartilaginous fishes
D)Jawless fishes

Question 42

What is the function of a fish's operculum?

A)To detects biofields in the immediate vicinity
B)To detects movements in the surrounding water
C)To protects the gills
D)To provides buoyancy

Question 43

Which group of fishes evolved most recently (in other words, is the youngest)?

A)Bony fishes
B)Hagfishes
C)Cartilaginous fishes
D)Jawless fishes

Question 44

Which chordate trait evolved first?

A)Calcium-hardened skeleton
B)Amniotic egg
C)Four limbs
D)Skull and backbone

Question 45

What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?

A)Reptiles are tied to water for reproduction, while amphibians have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.
B)Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.
C)Neither are tied to water for reproduction.
D)There is little difference between amphibians and reptiles.

Question 46

Which of the following group is most closely related to mammals?

A)Amphibians
B)Reptiles
C)Cartilaginous fishes
D)Lancelets

Question 47

Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait?

A)Juveniles have gills, and adults have lungs.
B)Respiration occurs through the skin.
C)Skin is smooth with no scales, feathers, or hair.
D)All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

Question 48

What is the main difference between monotremes and eutherians?

A)Monotremes are ectothermic, while eutherians are endothermic.
B)Monotremes lay eggs, while eutherians give birth to live young.
C)Monotremes lack the mammary glands that eutherians have.
D)Monotremes finish developing their young in a pouch, while eutherians develop young in a placenta.

Question 49

What do hammerhead sharks have in common with goldfish?

A)They both have an operculum.
B)They both have a lateral line system.
C)They both have a calcium-enforced skeleton.
D)They both have a cartilaginous skeleton.

Question 50

Compared to mammals and reptiles, what characteristic prevents amphibians from surviving far from water?

A)Their limbs are too weak to support their weight on land.
B)They do not have any lungs and cannot breathe out of the water.
C)Their eggs do not have an amnion to prevent them from drying out.
D)Their cartilaginous endoskeleton would dry out on land.

Question 51

Birds are a type of reptile.

Question 52

What characterizes terrestrial tetrapods?

A)Lives on land, has four limbs
B)Lives on land, has four sets of chromosomes
C)Lives on land, has four cranial nerves
D)Lives in the water, has four limbs

Question 53

Humans belong to the phylum ________.

A)echinoderms
B)mollusks
C)chordates
D)arthropods

Question 54

All mammals ________.

A)give birth to live young
B)are nocturnal
C)have mammary glands and hair
D)are ectothermic

Question 55

Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians?

A)Ray-finned fishes
B)Lobe-finned fishes
C)Cartilaginous fishes
D)Jawless fishes

Question 56

What is the function of the lateral line system?

A)To detect movement in the surrounding water
B)To extract oxygen from the surrounding water
C)To protect the gills
D)To provide buoyancy

Question 57

How do bony fish regulate buoyancy?

A)With an air-filled swim bladder
B)With a protective operculum
C)By constantly swimming at an upwards angle
D)Through the calcium in the bones, which makes the skeleton lighter than the water

Question 58

What is an amniotic egg?

A)A type of egg that amphibians have
B)A type of egg that contains a fluid to provide an aquatic habitat for the embryo to develop
C)A type of egg that all reptiles share
D)Both B and C are correct

Question 59

What is a key morphological difference between fish and amphibians?

A)Fish have gills to extract oxygen from water.
B)Fish have a lateral line system.
C)Amphibians have strong muscular and skeletal systems to support their body on land.
D)Amphibians have amniotic eggs.

Question 60

Which is most closely related to the hagfishes?

A)Cartilaginous fishes
B)Tunicates
C)Lampreys
D)Lancelets

Question 61

Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches?

A)Marsupials
B)Monotremes
C)Eutherians
D)Cetaceans

Question 62

Which of the following groups is not a type of mammals?

A)Eutherians
B)Monotremes
C)Marsupials
D)All of the above are types of mammals

Question 63

Is it correct to state that human evolution did not proceed from one species to the next, each evolving to be more modern? Why or why not?

Question 64

Which of the following is not a primate?

A)Lemurs
B)Apes
C)Monkeys
D)All are primates.

Question 65

How long ago did the hominin lineage, the human branch of the evolutionary tree of life, split away from other primate groups?

A)About 6 thousand years ago
B)About 600 thousand years ago
C)About 6 million years ago
D)About 60 million years ago

Question 66

Which evolved first, plants or animals? What evidence exists for your answer? Explain your reasoning as to why one would have evolved 100 million years prior to the other.

Question 67

Which of the following is human's closest living relative?

A)Gibbons
B)Gorillas
C)Chimpanzees
D)Baboons

Question 68

How old is the oldest fossil we have food of our own species, Homo sapiens?

A)About 6 million years old
B)About 300 thousand years old
C)About 6 thousand years old
D)About 3 thousand years old

Question 69

What is the oldest (in other words, most ancient) primate group?

A)Gibbons
B)Lemurs
C)Old World monkeys
D)New World monkeys

Question 70

Parasites have often been described incorrectly as having "devolved" from a more highly evolved organism.Why would it be more accurate to say that they are just as evolved as any other organism?

Question 71

How might an early primate's environment lead to the evolution of a large brain in relation to body size?

Question 72

All mammals live on land.

Question 73

In terms of food collection, what is an advantage of radial and bilateral symmetry? Include examples of both forms of symmetry in your answer.

Question 74

Which statement is most accurate when describing human evolution?

A)Humans come from chimpanzees.
B)Humans are not related to chimpanzees evolutionarily.
C)Humans share a common ancestor with chimpanzees.
D)Humans are equally related to chimpanzees as to other primates.

Question 75

Which of the following is a key feature of primates?

A)They are endotherms.
B)They give birth to live young.
C)They have mammary glands.
D)They have a brain that is large in relation to their body.

Question 76

On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of Homo sapiens?

A)Europe
B)Asia
C)Africa
D)Australia

Question 77

Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals?

A)Marsupials
B)Monotremes
C)Eutherians
D)Cetaceans