Deck 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions

Question 1

Which of the following types of hypotheses is considered an implied hypothesis?

A)the null hypothesis
B)the alternative hypothesis
C)the research hypothesis
D)the population hypothesis

Answer 1

the null hypothesis

Question 2

Which of the following can only be tested indirectly?

A)the null hypothesis
B)the research hypothesis
C)the alternative hypothesis
D)all hypotheses

Answer 2

the null hypothesis

Question 3

In a study,a ______ is drawn from a ______.

A)sample;larger population
B)sample;smaller population
C)population;smaller sample
D)population;larger sample

Answer 3

sample;larger population

Question 4

A good research question helps to ______.

A)form the hypothesis
B)ensure correlation
C)eliminate sampling error
D)ensure an average score

Question 5

A hypothesis that reflects the difference between groups but does NOT specify the direction of the difference is a(an)______.

A)null hypothesis
B)directional research hypothesis
C)nondirectional research hypothesis
D)error hypothesis

Question 6

Optimally,it is possible to generalize your results from ______ to ______.

A)your population;a smaller sample
B)your sample;a smaller population
C)your population;a larger sample
D)your sample;a larger population

Question 7

Which of the following is a nondirectional test?

A)a one-tailed test
B)a two-tailed test
C)a research hypothesis
D)all hypotheses

Question 8

Until there is sufficient evidence otherwise,it must be assumed that ______.

A)both the null and alternative hypotheses are true
B)the alternative hypothesis is true
C)neither the null nor alternative hypotheses are true
D)the null hypothesis is true

Question 9

Which of the following is a statement of equality between sets of variables?

A)research hypothesis
B)null hypothesis
C)nondirectional research hypothesis
D)directional research hypothesis

Question 10

In the research process,which is second thing formulated?

A)alternative postulates
B)research theories
C)the research hypothesis
D)the null hypothesis

Question 11

What is defined as an "educated guess" that describes the relationship between variables?

A)research question
B)hypothesis
C)theorem
D)postulate

Question 12

The group you wish to generalize your results to is called the ______.

A)population
B)sample
C)sampling error
D)general group

Question 13

A ______ is a hypothesis that reflects the difference between groups and specifies the direction of the difference.

A)null hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)directional research hypothesis
D)accurate hypothesis

Question 14

The hypothesis helps to determine which of the following?

A)average score
B)variability
C)techniques to be used
D)sampling plan

Question 15

A more testable version of a research question is the ______.

A)hypothesis
B)theorem
C)postulate
D)theory

Question 16

In the research process,which is formulated first?

A)a theorem
B)the research hypothesis
C)the null hypothesis
D)research postulates

Question 17

Which of the following is a directional test?

A)a one-tailed test
B)a two-tailed test
C)the research hypothesis
D)the null hypothesis

Question 18

If there is no difference between sample and population values,what do you have?

A)a high sampling error
B)a low but positive sampling error
C)no sampling error
D)It cannot be determined.

Question 19

Hypothesis testing relates to ______.

A)samples and populations
B)the population
C)multiple populations
D)the sample

Question 20

Which of the following can be tested directly?

A)the null hypothesis
B)the research hypothesis
C)both the null and research hypotheses
D)all hypotheses

Question 21

Which of the following provides you with a measure of how well your sample approximates the population?

A)generalizability
B)population
C)sampling error
D)hypothesis

Question 22

Research hypotheses refer to ______.

A)the population
B)multiple samples
C)multiple populations
D)the sample

Question 23

In order to help ensure generalizability,which of the following should be TRUE about your sample?

A)It is small.
B)It is large.
C)It is representative.
D)It is nonrepresentative.

Question 24

What type of hypothesis posits a difference between groups where the difference is specified?

A)directional hypothesis
B)nondirectional hypothesis
C)research hypothesis
D)null hypothesis

Question 25

Which of the following symbols represents the theoretical average of the population for one group?

A)H₁
B) $\mu$ ₁
C)X₁
D)H₀

Question 26

Which of the following represents a null hypothesis?

A)H₁: X₁ < X₂
B)H₀: $\mu$ ₁= $\mu$ ₂
C)H₁: $\mu$ ₁ $\gt$$\mu$ ₂
D)H₁: X₁ = X₂

Question 27

A greater difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter means that you will have ______ sampling error.

A)lower
B)infinite
C)no
D)higher

Question 28

What type of hypothesis posits a difference between groups where the difference is NOT specified?

A)directional hypothesis
B)nondirectional hypothesis
C)research hypothesis
D)null hypothesis

Question 29

Which of the following symbols represents the first research hypothesis?

A)H₁
B) $\mu$ ₁
C)X₁
D)H₀

Question 30

Which of the following symbols represents the null hypothesis?

A)H₁
B) $\mu$ ₁
C)X₁
D)H₀

Question 31

A smaller difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter means that you will have ______ sampling error.

A)higher
B)lower
C)no
D)infinite

Question 32

To test a nondirectional research hypothesis,which of the following would you use?

A)one-tailed test
B)frequency test
C)nonparametric test
D)two-tailed test

Question 33

What does generalizability mean?

A)Results may be applied to the population studied.
B)Results apply only to the sample studied.
C)Sampling error is high.
D)The sample does not represent the population.

Question 34

A hypothesis can best be defined as ______.

A)a difficult-to-define question
B)an educated guess
C)cause-and-effect analysis
D)a scientific inquiry

Question 35

The null hypothesis refers to which of the following?.

A)the population
B)multiple samples
C)multiple populations
D)the sample

Question 36

What test would you want to use to test a directional research hypothesis?

A)one-tailed test
B)two-tailed test
C)nonparametric test
D)frequency test

Question 37

The group you collect data from for your study is known as the ______.

A)population
B)sample
C)sampling error
D)general group

Question 38

The hypothesis that posits no relationship between the variables in your study is the ______

A)directional hypothesis
B)nondirectional hypothesis
C)research hypothesis
D)null hypothesis

Question 39

Which of the following represents a research hypothesis?

A)H₁: X₁ < X₂
B)H₀: $\mu$ ₁₌ $\mu$ ₂
C)H₁: $\mu$ ₁ $\gt$$\mu$ ₂
D)H₁: X₁ = X₂

Question 40

A representative sample allows you to generalize your results to a ______.

A)smaller sample
B)smaller population
C)larger population
D)larger sample

Question 41

If you were to hypothesize that there is a relationship between reaction time and problem-solving ability,you would have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 42

The null hypothesis refers to the ______,whereas the research hypothesis refers to the ______.

A)sample;population
B)direction;sample
C)population;direction
D)population;sample

Question 43

"There is no difference in the weight between rats fed low-fiber diets and rats fed high-fiber diets." This is an example of a(n)______.

A)null hypothesis
B)alternative hypothesis
C)directional hypothesis
D)nondirectional hypothesis

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis?

A)There is a positive relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
B)There is a large relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
C)There is a relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
D)There is no relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.

Question 45

A null hypothesis is written in what type of letters?

A)Arabic
B)Greek
C)Roman
D)Latin (English)

Question 46

If you were to hypothesize that test scores from Classroom A will be higher than test scores from Classroom B,you would have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 47

There are two main categories of hypotheses.They are ______.

A)null and research hypotheses
B)null and sample hypotheses
C)research and population hypotheses
D)research and sample hypotheses

Question 48

Which of the following is a measure of how well a sample approximates the characteristics of a population?

A)sampling accuracy
B)sampling error
C)sampling generalizability
D)sampling consistency

Question 49

Which of the following represents a nondirectional research hypothesis?

A)H₁: X₁ < X₂
B)H₀: $\mu$ ₁= $\mu$ ₂
C)H₁: $\mu$ ₁ $\gt$$\mu$ ₂
D)H₁: X₁ ≠ X₂

Question 50

When the sample accurately represents the population,the results of the study are said to have a high degree of ______.

A)quality
B)validity
C)error
D)generalizability

Question 51

When you hypothesize that there is no relationship between reaction time and problem-solving abilities,you have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 52

Wolf cubs born in northern woods will grow thicker fur than wolf cubs born in southern woods.This research hypothesis is an example of a ______.

A)directional hypothesis
B)nondirectional hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)mutual hypothesis

Question 53

If you were to hypothesize that communication students and history students will differ on their oral communication measures,you would have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 54

If you hypothesize that there will be a difference between test scores from Classroom A and Classroom B,but you do NOT hypothesize the direction,you have ______.

A)a directional research hypothesis
B)a nondirectional research hypothesis
C)a null hypothesis
D)either a null or research hypothesis

Question 55

If you were to hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between reaction time and problem-solving ability,you would have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 56

If you were to hypothesize that communication students will have a higher average score on the oral communication measures,you would have a ______.

A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined

Question 57

A statement that postulates a relationship between variables is referred to as a ______.

A)research hypothesis
B)null hypothesis
C)definitive hypothesis
D)postulative hypothesis

Question 58

A sample is best defined as ______.

A)the first 20% of the population
B)the last 20% of the population
C)a smaller group selected from a given population
D)a smaller group selected from the general populace

Question 59

Which of the following is an example of a nondirectional hypothesis?

A)There is a positive relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
B)There is a negative relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
C)There is a relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
D)There is no relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.

Question 60

When writing a research hypothesis,what type of letters are used?

A)Arabic
B)Greek
C)Roman
D)Latin (English)

Question 61

Why is it important to have a precise and clear research question?

Question 62

Write the following statement in the form of an equation: There is no difference between IQ scores of freshmen at State University and freshmen at University State.

Question 63

What purposes does the null hypothesis serve?

Question 64

What is the most important role of a hypothesis?

Question 65

A good hypothesis is stated as a question.

Question 66

The null hypothesis can only be tested indirectly.

Question 67

Null hypotheses always refer to the sample.

Question 68

According to the book,what are five characteristics of a well-written hypothesis?

Question 69

Hypotheses should reflect the theory or literature on which they are based.

Question 70

What is the difference between the nondirectional research hypothesis and the directional research hypothesis?

Question 71

Define null hypothesis and research hypothesis.

Question 72

Individuals in a representative sample should match as closely as possible to the characteristics of the population.

Question 73

Sampling error relates to how well a population approximates the characteristics of a sample.

Question 74

Why is a representative sample important?

Question 75

What are four differences between the null hypothesis and the research hypothesis?

Question 76

A one-tailed test would be used with a directional research hypothesis.

Question 77

If you are unsure whether the null or research hypothesis is true,you can assume that the research hypothesis is true.

Question 78

What is the purpose of the research hypothesis?

Question 79

Having a large degree of sampling error does NOT affect generalizability.

Question 80

The word "statistic" technically refers to a number that describes a sample.