Deck 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

For the first nine months after birth,Ronny Knowse had not experienced any problems with sickness.After that,however,he had many severe bacterial infections.The reason for the delayed onset of this problem was

A)it took nine months for the thymus to develop fully.
B)he probably was not exposed to any antigens during the first nine months.
C)for the first nine months he had passive natural immunity from antibodies passed to him through the placenta.
D)he had active artificial immunity during the first nine months.
E)he had degeneration of his normal immune function after birth.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Functions of lymph nodes include

A)suppressing the immune system.
B)removing microorganisms and foreign substances from lymph.
C)returning tissue fluid to the arteries.
D)filtering out the fat molecules present in lymph.
E)both suppressing the immune system and removing microorganisms and foreign substances from lymph.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why doesn't interferon prevent all cells from being infected with viruses?

A)because interferon is effective against bacterial infections only
B)because interferon is only released from cells that are already infected
C)because interferon has no memory capability
D)because interferon is produced by macrophages,which arrive after an infection has occurred
E)Both because interferon is only released from cells that are already infected and because interferon has no memory capability are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

____________ involves B cells.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 5

Lymphocytes that survive the maturation process:

A)are now capable of reacting to foreign substances
B)are now incapable of reacting to foreign substances
C)migrate to the medulla and other lymphatic tissue
D)are stored in the bone marrow and liver until an infection occurs
E)both A and C are correct

Question 6

Ronny Knowse,a two-year old boy,chronically develops severe bacterial infections,which must be treated with antibiotics.When infected with viral diseases,however,he recovers uneventfully.A possible explanation might be

A)his antibody-mediated immunity is not functioning well.
B)his cell-mediated immunity is not functioning well.
C)his inflammatory response is not functioning well.
D)he is not producing enough lymphokines.
E)his innate immunity is not functioning well.

Question 7

Which of these is a direct effect of antibodies?

A)Macrophages attach to the constant region of the antibody and phagocytize the antibody and antigen.
B)Many antigens are bound together and inactivated by the binding of specific antibodies.
C)Following combining of an antigen with an antibody,the constant region of the antibody triggers a release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells.
D)Before combining with an antigen,the constant region activates the complement system.

Question 8

Which of these is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A)helps to maintain tissue fluid balance
B)is part of the body's defense system
C)transports fat and other substances absorbed by the digestive tract
D)produces red blood cells
E)All of these are normal functions of the lymphatic system.

Question 9

___________ is effective against extracellular antigens such as bacteria.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 10

When a B cell is exposed to an antigen for the first time,

A)the primary immune response occurs.
B)the B cell divides to form plasma cells and T helper cells.
C)the primary response takes 1-3 hours to produce enough antibodies to be effective against the antigen.
D)B memory cells produce antibodies.
E)both the primary immune response occurs and the B cell divides to form plasma cells and T helper cells.

Question 11

Areas of rapidly dividing lymphocytes in lymph nodules are called

A)lymph sinuses.
B)lymph nodes.
C)lymph vessels.
D)germinal centers.
E)macrophages.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about immunity is TRUE?

A)The mediators of innate immunity are required for the initiation and regulation of the adaptive immune response.
B)Because the lymphatic system is involved with fighting infections and filtering body fluids,many infectious diseases have lymphatic associated symptoms.
C)Immunity is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances,harmful chemicals and internal threats.
D)The body only has only one immune system,but its responses often involve components of more than one type of immunity.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Cell mediated immunity is essential for fighting virus infected cells.
B)There is positive feedback between the adaptive (specific)and innate (non-specific)immune responses.
C)The antibody mediated immune response destroys or disables only free floating antigens or pathogens.
D)Antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides either free floating or on the surface of a pathogen that initiate an immune response.
E)Helper T cells divide into cytotoxic T cells which then produce antibodies.

Question 14

_____________ involves memory response.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 15

The secondary,or memory immune response

A)prevents disease symptoms from occurring.
B)causes B memory cells to rapidly divide to form plasma cells.
C)produces more antibodies than during the primary response.
D)is faster than the primary response.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 16

Which of the following functions in positive feedback between the adaptive and innate immune responses?

A)cytotoxic T cell release of cytokines
B)release of antibodies by plasma B cells
C)proliferation of memory B cells
D)Both cytotoxic T cell release of cytokines and release of antibodies by plasma B cells positively feedback to enhance the innate response.
E)All of these positively feedback to enhance the innate response.

Question 17

Cell mediated immunity involves:

A)actions of T cells
B)actions of B cells
C)actions of Natural Killer cells
D)actions of antibodies
E)actions of pyrogens

Question 18

Immunotherapy

A)treats disease by altering the function of the immune system.
B)is only used to inhibit the function of the immune system.
C)results from acquired immunity.
D)is used to prevent acquired immunity.
E)increases the antigen or pathogen's resistance to the body's immune reaction.

Question 19

In innate immunity,

A)immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance.
B)each time the body is exposed to a particular substance,the response is the same.
C)the ability to recognize and remember a particular substance is important.
D)both immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance and each time the body is exposed to a particular substance,the response is the same.
E)All of these are properties of innate immunity.

Question 20

_____________ involves production of cytokines.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 21

Lymph

A)is excess interstitial tissue fluid that passes into lymph capillaries.
B)is very similar in composition to blood plasma.
C)would produce edema and tissue damage if not removed.
D)is called chyle where fats are absorbed in intestinal lacteals.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 22

Which is true of the adaptive immune response?

A)It is always activated even before an "invasion" by an antigen occurs.
B)It is involved with destroying body cells that have been infected with a pathogen.
C)It reacts the same regardless of the type of antigen.
D)It denies entry to the body and limits the spread of pathogens.
E)It causes the release of complements.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?

A)The ability of the lymphatic system to remove fluid from the tissue is compromised.
B)Primary and secondary antibody responses decrease.
C)Few memory cells result from an immune response event.
D)More antigen is required to produce an immune response.
E)The ability of cell mediated immunity to resist intracellular pathogens decreases.

Question 24

Cells that release chemicals that break down chemicals released from basophils and mast cells are

A)mast cells.
B)neutrophils.
C)microphages.
D)eosinophils.
E)macrophages.

Question 25

Lymph capillaries

A)have walls of squamous cells that overlap like shingles.
B)have one way valves.
C)receive fluid from the interstitial spaces.
D)are uni-directional (1 way)and conduct fluid to the lymph organs.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 26

If an individual contracts and then recovers from "the flu" they have established

A)active natural immunity.
B)active artificial immunity.
C)passive natural immunity.
D)passive artificial immunity.

Question 27

In the lymphatic system,

A)lymph capillaries are present in large quantities in the central nervous system and bone marrow.
B)lymph vessels have one-way valves.
C)fluid is only carried from the heart toward the tissues of the body.
D)lymph vessels from the right half of the head and neck enter the thoracic duct.

Question 28

________________ occurs if a person becomes sick with measles.

A)Active natural immunity
B)Active artificial immunity
C)Passive natural immunity
D)Passive artificial immunity

Question 29

Why does an allergy to plant pollen cause inflammation in the respiratory tract and increases in mucus production?

A)The pollen is interacting with the cytotoxic T cells causing them to destroy body cells in the respiratory tract.
B)The pollen,when inhaled,combines with antibodies and stimulates the release of histamine from Mast cells.
C)The pollen enters and infects cells lining the lungs causing bacterial proliferation.
D)Natural Killer cells bind the pollen and stimulate the activation of the clotting response.
E)Pollen binds with interleukin-1 and stimulates T cell division and causes an autoimmune disorder.

Question 30

Antiserum administered for snakebite or spider bite would be an example of

A)active natural immunity.
B)active artificial immunity.
C)passive natural immunity.
D)passive artificial immunity.

Question 31

As we age,the thymus:

A)begins producing red blood cells.
B)tissue is mostly replaced with adipose tissue and it decreases in size.
C)increases in size and becomes more prominent.
D)becomes increasingly active.
E)all of the above are true.

Question 32

RhoGam administered to an Rh- mother following the birth of her Rh+ child is an example of

A)active natural immunity.
B)active artificial immunity.
C)passive natural immunity.
D)passive artificial immunity.

Question 33

The thymus

A)increases in size after puberty.
B)is a site for lymphocyte response to foreign substances.
C)is located in the superior laryngeal space.
D)is a location for processing and maturation of lymphocytes.
E)has none of these properties.

Question 34

If a pathogen (external antigen)is destroyed before any symptoms develop,the person

A)will never again be infected by that pathogen.
B)is said to be immune.
C)is said to have specificity.
D)had no immunity response to the pathogen.
E)Both is said to have specificity and will never again be infected by that pathogen are true.

Question 35

The role of neutrophils during the inflammatory response includes:

A)the release of signals to recruit and activate other immune cells
B)the production and release of antibodies
C)the production and release of histamine
D)the formation of thrombin for clots
E)all of the above

Question 36

A protein is produced and secreted by virally infected cells and binds to the surface of neighboring cells.This protein causes the neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins called

A)complements.
B)mucus.
C)interferons.
D)histamine.
E)kinin.

Question 37

When chemical substances released from microorganisms or damaged tissue attract leukocytes,the process is called

A)phagocytosis.
B)complement activation.
C)chemotaxis.
D)interferon production.
E)cell lysis.

Question 38

The transfer of antibodies across the placenta before birth is seen in

A)active natural immunity.
B)active artificial immunity.
C)passive natural immunity.
D)passive artificial immunity.

Question 39

Which of these processes assist in the transport of lymph from the lower limbs?

A)gravity
B)contraction of facial muscles
C)contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding lymph vessels
D)contraction of smooth muscles in blood vessel walls
E)None of these assist transport of lymph through lymph vessels.

Question 40

Chemical mediators of inflammation can produce

A)vasodilation.
B)chemotaxtic attraction of phagocytes.
C)increased vascular permeability.
D)net movement of fibrin and complement from the blood to the extracellular fluid.
E)All of these effects are produced by one or more chemical mediators of inflammation.

Question 41

Chemical substances that are found on the cell surface and kill microorganisms or prevent their entry into cells include all of these EXCEPT

A)lysozyme.
B)sebum.
C)mucus.
D)complement.

Question 42

Concerning lymphocytes,

A)T cells are more numerous than B cells in the blood.
B)both pre-B cells and pre-T cells are derived from stem cells in adult red bone marrow.
C)small groups of identical B cells or T cells,called clones,are produced during adaptive immunity.
D)all lymphocytes synthesize and secrete antibodies.
E)Lymphocytes have none of these properties.

Question 43

Innate immunity includes all of these EXCEPT:

A)physical barriers
B)chemicals mediators
C)antibody production
D)phagocytic cells
E)the inflammatory response

Question 44

Nonmotile cells in connective tissue that release inflammatory chemicals are called

A)macrophages.
B)neutrophils.
C)lacunae.
D)eosinophils.
E)mast cells.

Question 45

Helper T cells are activated

A)by cytokines.
B)by macrophages and CD4.
C)through costimulation.
D)by antigens bound to the major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs).
E)All of these are correct.

Question 46

All the innate immunity mechanisms below are correctly matched with a correct example EXCEPT:

A)physical barriers - skin and mucous membranes
B)chemicals mediators - lysozyme
C)phagocytic cells - lymphocytes
D)inflammatory cells - mast cells
E)All of these are correctly paired.

Question 47

Macrophages

A)are monocytes that leave the blood and enlarge.
B)have a single,unlobed nucleus.
C)can be called dust cells,Kupffer cells,or microglia.
D)operate in the later stages of an infection.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 48

Complement proteins

A)promote inflammation and phagocytosis when activated.
B)consist of several types of fatty acids normally found in the plasma.
C)can be activated by the sympathetic nervous system.
D)are,produced in response to viral infection.
E)normally circulate in the blood in their active forms.

Question 49

The spleen

A)filters blood instead of lymph.
B)contains macrophages in the red pulp that remove foreign substances and worn-out red blood cells.
C)has white pulp surrounding the central arteries.
D)has red pulp surrounding the venous sinuses.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 50

In addition to symptoms of local inflammation,systemic inflammation may also

A)lead to production of pyrogens,which stimulate fever production.
B)produce great increases in vascular permeability,causing increased entry of fluid into the blood.
C)cause production of large quantities of antibodies by neutrophils.
D)cause production of interferon in large quantities.
E)cause a bluish color in the skin and mucous membranes.

Question 51

T cells originate in the ______ and are processed (mature)in the _______.

A)yellow bone marrow; red bone marrow
B)red bone marrow; thymus
C)red bone marrow; white pulp of the spleen
D)red bone marrow; red bone marrow
E)yellow bone marrow; lymph nodules

Question 52

In addition to leaving the blood in response to an infection,monocytes/macrophages also

A)cause inflammation.
B)produce interferon.
C)directly cause increased vascular permeability.
D)are found in uninfected tissues.
E)can become lymphocytes.

Question 53

Cell-mediated immunity

A)is involved with allergic reactions.
B)is most effective against extracellular antigens.
C)involves the production of cytotoxic B cells and memory cells.
D)involves cytokines released from cytotoxic T cells.
E)occurs when B cells bind to antigens and inactivate them.

Question 54

Signs and symptoms of local inflammation include

A)redness and heat.
B)swelling.
C)pain.
D)loss of function.
E)All of these are signs/symptoms of inflammation.

Question 55

____________ causes the lysis of cells.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 56

Chemical mediators of inflammation include all of these EXCEPT:

A)prostaglandins
B)histamines
C)interferon
D)complement
E)leukotrienes

Question 57

B cells are activated (stimulated to divide & differentiate)

A)by cytokines.
B)by macrophages which present parts of the antigens.
C)through costimulation.
D)by helper T cells.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 58

____________ involves production of plasma cells.

A)Innate immunity
B)Antibody-mediated (adaptive)immunity
C)Cell-mediated (adaptive)immunity
D)All forms of adaptive immunity

Question 59

Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity responses are called

A)antigens.
B)antibodies.
C)pyrogens.
D)complement.
E)histamines.

Question 60

Neutrophils

A)are produced by lymphocytes that divide.
B)usually die after phagocytizing a single organism.
C)usually arrive at the site of inflammation later than other phagocytic cells.
D)are not able to leave the blood.
E)have all of these properties.

Question 61

Antibody-mediated immunity is effective against

A)bacteria.
B)viruses.
C)toxins.
D)extracellular antigens.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 62

_________ is an example of delayed hypersensitivity.

A)Hay fever
B)Urticaria
C)Poison ivy
D)Hemolytic disease of the newborn
E)Asthma

Question 63

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A)uticaria - a skin rash or localized swelling caused by an ingested allergen
B)anaphylaxis - an opportunistic infection of the lymph organs
C)AIDS - a virus that infects Helper T cells
D)severe combined immunodeficiency - B cells and T cells fail to form
E)host-versus-graft rejection - the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and rejects the transplant.

Question 64

Bacteria,pollen,and transplanted tissue are examples of

A)self antigens.
B)pyrogens.
C)foreign antigens.
D)foreign antibodies.
E)chemotactic chemicals.

Question 65

After cutting yourself severely on a can a week ago,you noticed that the inflamed area has not gone back down or lost its redness.Which of the following could account for the continued swelling and inflammation?

A)Your eosinophil count is very low.
B)Your basophil and mast cell counts are very low.
C)Some bacteria still remain in the wound.
D)Both your eosinophil count is very low and some bacteria still remain in the wound could plausibly account for continued inflammation.
E)All of these could plausibly account for continued inflammation.

Question 66

Concerning activation of lymphocytes,

A)lymphocytes must be activated by an antigen to produce a specific immune response.
B)lymphocytes have antigen-binding receptors on their surface.
C)helper T cells release interleukin 2,which stimulates lymphocytes to divide.
D)lymphocytes in a clone all have identical antigen-binding receptors.
E)lymphocytes have all of these characteristics

Question 67

Protease inhibitors are drugs that interfere with

A)formation of viral DNA from viral RNA.
B)formation of viral RNA from viral DNA.
C)insertion of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA.
D)insertion of host cell's DNA into the viral DNA.
E)breakdown of large viral proteins into smaller proteins.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ?

A)spleen
B)thymus
C)tonsils
D)pancreas
E)lymph nodes

Question 69

B cells

A)are lymphocytes.
B)become mature in the thymus.
C)are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
D)are produced in the adult spleen.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 70

____________ is (are)found on the posterior surface of the tongue.

A)The thoracic duct
B)The palatine tonsils
C)The lingual tonsil
D)The pharyngeal tonsils
E)The parotid glands

Question 71

Antibody molecules

A)have a constant region that binds to antigens.
B)have a variable region that can activate,complement or attach to macrophages.
C)are large glycolipids.
D)are called gamma globulins or immunoglobulins.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 72

When enlarged,these tonsils are called adenoids.

A)The thoracic duct
B)The palatine tonsils
C)The lingual tonsil
D)The pharyngeal tonsils
E)The parotid glands

Question 73

The lymphatic organ(s)that consist(s)of white and red pulp is (are)the

A)thymus.
B)lymph nodes.
C)spleen.
D)tonsils.

Question 74

"The tonsils" are best known as

A)the thoracic duct.
B)the palatine tonsils.
C)the lingual tonsil.
D)the pharyngeal tonsils.
E)the parotid glands.

Question 75

Antibodies

A)are produced by Plasma B cells.
B)have antigen binding sites which are located on and composed of the variable regions of the protein chains.
C)enhance the phagocytic process.
D)bind antigens together.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 76

A type of cell that is produced by the red bone marrow,is considered to be a part of innate immunity and has no memory response is a _________ cell.

A)natural killer
B)stem
C)B
D)T
E)mast

Question 77

Autoimmune diseases

A)are produced by the same processes as adaptive immunity.
B)occur when self antigens cause destruction of normal tissue.
C)include rheumatoid arthritis.
D)operate through the same mechanisms as hypersensitivity reactions.
E)have all of these properties.

Question 78

Cytotoxic T cells

A)divide to produce more cytotoxic T cells after activation.
B)release cytokines.
C)divide to produce memory T cells after activation.
D)cause virus infected cells to lyse.
E)All of these are true of cytotoxic T cells.

Question 79

A disorder of the lymphatic system that results from a parasitic infection of roundworms is

A)lymphadenitis.
B)lymphangitis.
C)lymphoma.
D)septicemia.
E)elephantiasis.

Question 80

An allergy

A)is a harmful response to an antigen that does not stimulate an adaptive immune response in most people.
B)is caused by an allergen.
C)is harmful because the process that eliminates the antigen produces a strong inflammatory effect.
D)is also called a hypersensitivity reaction.
E)All of these are correct.