Deck 9: Senses

Question 1

____________ respond to pain,temperature,and itch.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini corpuscles
E)Free nerve endings

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The structure that opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalized between the middle ear and the outside is

A)the oval window.
B)the round window.
C)the mastoid air cells.
D)the auditory tube.
E)the auditory ossicles.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Pain impulses can be suppressed by

A)chemical anesthetics.
B)inhibition of consciousness in the reticular formation.
C)inhibitory impulses carried by neurons of the dorsal columns.
D)exercise.
E)all of these.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head is the

A)external auditory meatus.
B)ceruminous gland.
C)tympanic membrane.
D)auricle.
E)middle ear.

Question 5

In the cochlea,the space between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane is called the

A)tectorial membrane.
B)cochlear duct.
C)scala vestibuli.
D)scala tympani.
E)spiral lamina.

Question 6

In the cochlea,the space that extends from the oval window to the apex of the cochlear spiral is the:

A)cochlear duct.
B)scala vestibuli.
C)scala tympani.
D)spiral lamina.
E)tectorial membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the inner ear is NOT true?

A)The membranous labyrinth is filled with a clear fluid called endolymph.
B)The space between the membranous and bony labyrinth is filled with a fluid called perilymph.
C)The membranous labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth.
D)The cochlea and vestibule are both involved in hearing.
E)The semicircular canals are involved in balance,especially static equilibrium.

Question 8

The auditory ossicles

A)include the malleus,incus,and stapes.
B)are located in the inner ear.
C)decrease the vibrations from the tympanic membrane.
D)transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the round window.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The senses of hearing and balance are transmitted by the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).
B)The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)functions as two separate nerves carrying information from two separate but closely related structures.
C)The cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)is involved with hearing.
D)The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)is involved with hearing.
E)The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)is involved with balance.

Question 10

Which of the following are important in the clinical management of pain?

A)exercise programs
B)acupuncture procedures
C)acupressure procedures
D)vigorous mental activity
E)all of the above can be used to manage pain.

Question 11

The spiral organ

A)is located in the scala tympani.
B)contains specialized sensory cells with hairlike projections.
C)has sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the spiral lamina.
D)has hair cells with their tips embedded in the basilar membrane.
E)has afferent nerve fibers that form the tectorial nerve.

Question 12

Rapidly conducted impulses give rise to

A)sharp,pricking,or cutting pain.
B)diffuse,burning,or aching pain.
C)suppressed pain.
D)gated pain.
E)both B and C

Question 13

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sensation is the conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors.
B)Sensation can be received from inside or outside the body.
C)Stimulation of the sensory receptors does not immediately result in sensation.
D)Visceral senses provide sensory information about the body and its environment.
E)Sensation is created in the cerebral cortex,thalamus and some other areas of the brain.

Question 14

The type of sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as bending or stretching the receptor are called

A)chemoreceptors.
B)thermoreceptors.
C)mechanoreceptors.
D)photoreceptors.
E)nociceptors.

Question 15

Which of the following is not correctly paired with its

A)loss of skin sensation - decrease in function of Meissner corpuscles
B)decreased awareness of limb and joint position - decrease in function of Pacinian corpuscles
C)decreased coordination and control of movements - decrease in function of Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles
D)loss of skin sensation - decrease in numbers and function of free nerve endings
E)decrease in two point discrimination - decrease function of Meissner corpuscles

Question 16

____________ respond to fine,discriminative touch and are found just deep to the epidermis.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini corpuscles
E)Free nerve endings

Question 17

___________ detect light touch and superficial pressure and are found in the epidermis.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini corpuscles
E)Free nerve endings

Question 18

Pain felt in the left shoulder and arm as the result of a heart attack is an example of

A)referred pain.
B)localized pain.
C)anesthesia.
D)both localized pain and anesthesia.
E)both referred pain and localized pain.

Question 19

___________ detect deep pressure,vibration,and proprioception in tendons and joints.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini corpuscles
E)Free nerve endings

Question 20

__________ monitor continuous touch or pressure in the skin.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini corpuscles
E)Free nerve endings

Question 21

The function of the structure indicated by the letter C is

A)to collect sound waves and direct them to the middle ear.
B)to transmit vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
C)to carry action potentials to the brain.
D)to equalize air pressure between the outer and middle ear.
E)to cause displacement of the vestibular membrane.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about taste is FALSE?

A)Our ability to perceive many different tastes is achieved through various combinations of the five basic taste sensations.
B)Taste sensations are carried by three spinal nerves that synapse in the olfactory bulb.
C)The facial nerve (VII)transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3^rd of the tongue.
D)The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)carries taste sensations from the posterior 1/3^rd of the tongue.
E)The vagus nerve (X)carries some taste sensations from the root of the tongue.

Question 23

The letter B represents the

A)external auditory meatus.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)semicircular canals.
D)cochlea.
E)auditory ossicles.

Question 24

Olfactory neurons

A)are multipolar.
B)have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity.
C)have long cilia on the dendrites,which airborne molecules bind to.
D)repolarize when airborne molecules bind to them.
E)have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity and have extremely long cilia on the dendrites which airborne molecules bind to.

Question 25

The ability to see many different color variations results from:

A)stimulation of combinations of the three types of rods.
B)stimulation of combinations of the three types of cones.
C)retinal detachment.
D)the sensitivity of rods to photons of light.
E)the different varieties of retinal in each cone type.

Question 26

Meniere's Disease

A)consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing.
B)occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C)involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss.
D)involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ.
E)involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

Question 27

The following is a list of steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. 1)The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window causing vibrations in the endolymph.
2)Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus.
3)Action potentials are induced in the sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve (CN VIII).
4)Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes.
5)Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane.
6)Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph in the scala vestibuli.
7)The microvilli of the hair cells bend.
What is the proper sequence of these steps?

A)1,2,3,4,5,6,7
B)2,4,6,1,5,7,3
C)2,4,1,6,5,7,3
D)2,5,4,6,1,3,7
E)2,4,1,6,5,3,7

Question 28

The semicircular canals

A)are arranged at about 30 degree angles to each other.
B)contain an expanded base called a saccule.
C)Are involved in dynamic equilibrium.
D)cause the cupula to be displaced in the same direction as the head moves.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary taste sensations?

A)bitter
B)salty
C)sour
D)spicy
E)sweet

Question 30

Conduction deafness

A)consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing.
B)occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C)involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss.
D)involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ.
E)involves a misfunction within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

Question 31

Tinnitus

A)consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing.
B)occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C)involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss.
D)involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ.
E)involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

Question 32

The vestibule

A)is associated with static equilibrium.
B)can be divided into the utricle and saccule.
C)has chambers with patches of specialized epithelium called maculae.
D)contains maculae,which have hair cells embedded into a gelatinous mass.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 33

Sensorineural deafness

A)consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing.
B)occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C)involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss.
D)involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ.
E)involves a misfunction within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

Question 34

The hair cells and tectorial membrane are found in

A)the saccule and utricle.
B)the cochlea.
C)the semi-circular canals.
D)the tympanum.

Question 35

Axons from olfactory neurons

A)pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
B)enter the olfactory bulbs and synapse with interneurons.
C)form cranial nerve I
D)eventually relay information to the brain through the olfactory tracts
E)have all of these as properties.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about olfaction is FALSE?

A)Each olfactory receptor can bind multiple types of odorants.
B)Each odorant can bind to multiple olfactory receptors.
C)Once an odorant is bound to a receptor that receptor is desensitized and does not respond to another odor for a period of time.
D)The threshold for detection of odors is extremely high so it takes quite a lot of odorants bound to an olfactory neuron to initiate an action potential.
E)Olfaction is the only major sensation that is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without first passing through the thalamus.

Question 37

Motion sickness

A)consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing.
B)occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C)involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss.
D)involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ.
E)involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

Question 38

Which of these statements about taste is NOT true?

A)Taste buds are oval structures located on the surface of certain papillae on the tongue.
B)Each taste bud has about 40 taste cells
C)Taste cells contain hair-like processes called taste hairs.
D)Many taste sensations are strongly influenced by olfactory sensations.
E)Taste buds are only able to detect one taste sensation.

Question 39

The ampulla and crista ampullaris are found in

A)the saccule and utricle.
B)the cochlea.
C)the semi-circular canals.
D)the tympanum.

Question 40

The letter A represents the

A)external auditory meatus.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)semicircular canals.
D)cochlea.
E)auditory ossicles.

Question 41

The choroid of the eye

A)is part of the fibrous tunic.
B)appears white in color.
C)anteriorly,is continuous with the sclera.
D)consists of a vascular network and large numbers of melanin-containing cells.
E)is part of the nervous tunic.

Question 42

Aqueous humor

A)is found in the posterior chamber of the eye.
B)is produced by the cilary body.
C)can cause glaucoma if its circulation is blocked.
D)Maintains the pressure within the eye
E)has all of these properties.

Question 43

You are walking down the street when a strange dog begins to chase you.You manage to duck into a store and notice in a nearby hanging mirror that your pupils are very dilated.Which of the following most likely accounts for this?

A)The parasympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it,in turn,stimulated the circular smooth muscles of the iris to contract.
B)The parasympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it,in turn,stimulated the radial smooth muscles of the iris to contract.
C)The sympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it,in turn,stimulated the radial smooth muscles of the iris to contract.
D)The sympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it,in turn,stimulated the circular smooth muscles of the iris to contract.

Question 44

The iris

A)surrounds an opening called the pupil.
B)is the colored portion of the eye.
C)controls the diameter of the pupil.
D)is stimulated to contract by parasympathetic stimulation.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 45

A thin,transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids,and the anterior surface of the eye is the

A)lacrimal gland.
B)conjunctiva.
C)lacrimal canaliculus.
D)nasolacrimal duct.
E)eyelashes.

Question 46

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the eye and vision?

A)Light absorption in the eye requires the presence of photopigments such as rhodopsin.
B)The fovea contains mostly cones and is your area of sharpest vision.
C)Rods only detect the presence of light while cones detect the specific wavelength of light.
D)The human eye changes the focal distance to focus exactly like a camera focuses.
E)When viewing distant objects,your lens becomes more flat.

Question 47

The sensory retina

A)is the outer portion of the retina.
B)contains pigment.
C)keeps light from being reflected back into the eye.
D)contains rod and cone cells.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 48

To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,

A)the lens must become flatter.
B)the ciliary muscles must contract.
C)the suspensory ligaments must increase tension on the lens.
D)the cornea must move inward.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 49

The lacrimal canaliculi

A)produces tears.
B)is a thin,transparent membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye.
C)collects excess tears from the medial corner of the eye.
D)empties excess tears into the nasal cavity.
E)moves the eyeball.

Question 50

Night blindness:

A)can be caused by retinal detachment
B)can be caused by a vitamin A deficiency
C)is characterized by difficulty seeing in dim light
D)only B and C are correct.
E)All of the above pertain to night blindness.

Question 51

The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by ______________; this movement is accomplished by the _____________.

A)moving up and down,suspensatory ligaments
B)changing shape from spherical to flat,suspensatory ligaments & ciliary body
C)opening and closing,iris diaphragm
D)moving up and down,papillary constrictor muscles
E)moving towards the cornea,macula and fovea

Question 52

Rod cells

A)are more sensitive to light than cone cells.
B)need bright light to function.
C)are sensitive to red,blue,or green colors.
D)are found in greatest quantity in the fovea centralis.
E)have none of these properties.

Question 53

Light rays

A)striking the retina cause action potentials to be relayed to the brain.
B)are refracted by the cornea,lens,and humors.
C)are refracted as they pass through a convex lens.
D)that are converging,reach a crossing point called the focal point.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 54

Cones are

A)more sensitive to light than rods are.
B)sensitive to red,blue,or green.
C)found in greatest quantity in the optic disk.
D)more common than rod cells in most of the retina.
E)both sensitive to red,blue,or green and found in greatest quantity in the optic disk.

Question 55

The spot where a number of blood vessels enter the eye,and where the optic nerve exits the eye,is called

A)the macula.
B)the fovea centralis.
C)the blind spot.
D)the optic disk.
E)Both the blind spot and the optic disk are correct names.

Question 56

The firm,opaque,white,outer connective tissue layer of the posterior five-sixths of the eye is the

A)sclera.
B)cornea.
C)vascular tunic.
D)choroid.
E)nervous tunic.

Question 57

Given below are the events that occur when light strikes the photopigment,rhodopsin.What is the correct sequence? 1)Retinal changes shape.
2)Light strikes rhodopsin.
3)Cell changes are stimulated leading to vision.
4)Opsin changes shape.
5)Energy from ATP is used to attach retinal to opsin forming rhodopsin.
6)Retinal detaches from opsin.

A)2,1,4,3,6,5
B)2,5,3,4,1,6
C)3,1,4,2,6,5
D)3,6,1,2,5,4
E)1,4,6,2,5,3

Question 58

The part of the eye that produces the greatest amount of convergence of light is the

A)cornea.
B)lens.
C)humors.
D)fovea centralis.
E)optic disk.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Depth perception occurs where the two visual fields of the eyes overlap.
B)One common cause of double vision is a misalignment of the eyes due to a weakening of the extrinsic eye muscles.
C)Depth perception requires monocular vision.
D)The image seen by each eye is called the visual field of that eye.

Question 60

When you walk into a dark room,the _____ smooth muscles of the iris ____ the pupil of your eye.

A)radial; dilate
B)radial; constrict
C)circular; dilate
D)circular; constrict
E)papillary; constrict

Question 61

From the list below,all are accessory structures for the eye EXCEPT:

A)conjunctiva
B)lacrimal apparatus
C)retina
D)extrinsic eye muscles
E)eyelids

Question 62

The maculae and otoliths are found in

A)the saccule and utricle.
B)the cochlea.
C)the semi-circular canals.
D)the tympanum.

Question 63

When Grace Falle entered the dark theater,she tripped over someone's foot,and spilled her popcorn.It was several minutes before she could see very well in the darkened theater.However,on the way out she noted that her eyes became accustomed to the light in only a few seconds.The most likely explanation for this would be that

A)her rod cells adapted to light faster than her cone cells did to the dark.
B)it takes longer to return rhodopsin to its original shape than it does to break it apart.
C)cone cells are more common in her retina than rod cells.
D)her fovea centralis may have been covered up by her optic disk.
E)she was probably red-green colorblind.

Question 64

The middle layer of the eye that,consists of the choroid,ciliary body,and iris is

A)the conjunctiva.
B)the fibrous tunic.
C)the vascular tunic.
D)the nervous tunic.
E)the crystalline lens.

Question 65

The letter B is the

A)retina.
B)choroid.
C)sclera.
D)cornea.
E)lens.

Question 66

Myopia is a condition in which

A)the image is focused behind the retina.
B)the cornea or lens is not uniformly curved.
C)there is a decrease in the ability of the eye to accommodate for near vision.
D)correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting.
E)the image is focused behind the retina and correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting.

Question 67

The inner layer of the eye that consists of the retina is known as

A)the conjunctiva.
B)the fibrous tunic.
C)the vascular tunic.
D)the nervous tunic.
E)the crystalline lens.

Question 68

Nystagmus

A)is an involuntary rhythmic,repeated,oscillation of one or both eyes.
B)is a condition characterized by clouding of the lens as a result of advanced age.
C)is a condition in which one or both eyes are directed medially or laterally.
D)is an inflammation of the conjunctiva.
E)is a cyst caused by an infection of the sebaceous glands along the edge of the eyelid.

Question 69

The outer layer of the eye that consists of the sclera and cornea is known as

A)the conjunctiva.
B)the fibrous tunic.
C)the vascular tunic.
D)the nervous tunic.
E)the crystalline lens.

Question 70

During training for night combat,soldiers are trained to look slightly to one side of objects they detect.This is because

A)looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis.
B)looking directly at an object places the image on the optic disk.
C)color vision is better if you look slightly to one side of an object.
D)the fovea has very few rod cells,which are necessary for vision in dim light.
E)of both looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis and the fovea has very few rod cells,which are necessary for vision in dim light.

Question 71

The effects of aging on the special senses includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)presbyopia
B)reduction in the number of hair cells in the cochlea
C)development of cataracts
D)Taste sensation becomes more acute.
E)number of otoliths decline.

Question 72

The letter C is the

A)retina.
B)choroid.
C)sclera.
D)cornea.
E)lens.

Question 73

Which of the following statements concerning neuronal pathways for vision is NOT correct?

A)Most of the optic tract neurons terminate in the thalamus.
B)Neurons of the superior colliculi form the fibers of the visual radiations.
C)Fibers of the visual radiations project to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
D)Optic nerves leave the orbit through the optic foramen.
E)Some axons in the optic nerves cross to the opposite side of the brain at the optic chiasma.

Question 74

A person with cataracts was treated by surgically removing the lenses of his eyes.The type of glasses he should get to compensate for the removal of his lenses would be

A)concave lenses.
B)convex lenses.
C)glasses to compensate for astigmatism.

Question 75

Which of these individuals with presbyopia would be least likely to need reading glasses?

A)Millie Molee,who has had myopia all her life.
B)Hal Hooper,who has had hyperopia all his life.
C)Mr.Stig Matig,who has had astigmatism all his life.