Deck 15: Endocrine System and Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Question 1

The part of the master gland that secretes ADH and oxytocin is the

A) anterior lobe.
B) adenohypophysis.
C) neurohypophysis.
D) islets of Langerhans.

Answer 1

neurohypophysis.

Question 2

Another term for epinephrine is

A) acetylcholine.
B) adrenaline.
C) norepinephrine.
D) dopamine.

Answer 2

adrenaline.

Question 3

The hormone that stimulates the muscles of the uterus during the delivery of an infant is

A) ADH.
B) calcitonin.
C) oxytocin.
D) PTH.

Answer 3

oxytocin.

Question 4

Another name for ADH is

A) oxytocin.
B) vasopressin.
C) oxytocia.
D) insulin.

Question 5

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid to release two other thyroid hormones?

A) TSH
B) PRL
C) ACTH
D) STH

Question 6

The combining form for gland is

A) aden/o.
B) adren/o.
C) gonad/o.
D) cortic/o.

Question 7

Androgen and estrogen are

A) catecholamines.
B) mineralocorticoids.
C) glucocorticoids.
D) sex hormones.

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release steroids?

A) TSH
B) PRL
C) ACTH
D) STH

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates growth of long bones and skeletal muscle and converts proteins to glucose?

A) TSH
B) PRL
C) ACTH
D) STH

Question 10

Aldosterone regulates blood volume, blood pressure, and

A) calcium.
B) vitamins.
C) electrolytes.
D) sex hormones.

Question 11

Which hormone has an antiinflammatory effect?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Adrenaline
C) Cortisol
D) Dopamine

Question 12

Which hormone dilates arteries, increases urine production, increases blood pressure and cardiac rate, and acts as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Adrenaline
C) Norepinephrine
D) Dopamine

Question 13

What is the name of the combining form for the gland in which islets of Langerhans are located?

A) Thyr/o
B) Adren/o
C) Pancreat/o
D) Parathyroid/o

Question 14

The combining form for the gland located in the mediastinum that is responsible for stimulating cells key in the immune response is

A) thyr/o.
B) thym/o.
C) adren/o.
D) hypophys/o.

Question 15

What is the combining form for the element that is deposited into bone and controlled by the thyroid gland?

A) Calc/o
B) Kal/i
C) Phosphor/o
D) Natr/o

Question 16

The inner part of the adrenal gland is the

A) hilum.
B) cortex.
C) medulla.
D) pelvis.

Question 17

Chemical messengers used by the endocrine system to regulate body functions are

A) hormones.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) chemotherapeutic agents.
D) cytokines.

Question 18

The combining form for the external part of the adrenal gland is

A) calic/o.
B) cortic/o.
C) medull/o.
D) pyel/o.

Question 19

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast?

A) TSH
B) PRL
C) ACTH
D) STH

Question 20

What is the combining form for the reproductive glands?

A) Aden/o
B) Adren/o
C) Gonad/o
D) Cortic/o

Question 21

Undersecretion of ADH, resulting in polydipsia and polyuria, is

A) GHD.
B) gigantism.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) Simmonds' disease.

Question 22

Which extreme form of this disorder is called myxedema in adults and cretinism in children?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Hypoparathyroidism

Question 23

Somatotropin deficiency during childhood, resulting in dwarfism, is

A) GHD.
B) pituitary gigantism.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) Simmonds' disease.

Question 24

Protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits is

A) anorexia.
B) exophthalmos.
C) goiter.
D) hirsutism.

Question 25

A condition of deficient calcium in the blood is

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 26

One type of which disorder may be accompanied by exophthalmos and is termed Graves' disease?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Hypoparathyroidism

Question 27

A condition of deficient potassium in the blood is

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 28

A condition of deficient sodium in the blood is

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 29

Overproduction of hormones in which disorder leads to polyuria, hypercalcemia, hypertension, and kidney stones?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Hypoparathyroidism

Question 30

Which gland regulates cell metabolism?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Thyroid gland
D) Parathyroid gland

Question 31

Deficient hormones in which disorder may lead to tetany, hypocalcemia, and muscle cramps?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Hypoparathyroidism

Question 32

Deficiency or lack of all pituitary hormones, causing hypotension, weight loss, weakness, and loss of libido, is

A) GHD.
B) gigantism.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) hypopituitarism.

Question 33

Accumulation of fat tissue in specific areas is

A) anorexia.
B) exophthalmia.
C) goiter.
D) adiposity.

Question 34

A condition of deficient sugar in the blood is

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 35

The parathyroid glands regulate the amount of calcium in the

A) nerves.
B) brain.
C) blood.
D) kidneys.

Question 36

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and return it to circulation is

A) antediuretic hormone.
B) antidiuretic hormone.
C) oxytocin.
D) oxytocia.

Question 37

The combining form for the pituitary gland is

A) aden/o.
B) adren/o.
C) hypophys/o.
D) thym/o.

Question 38

Patients who exhibit a lack of appetite may have which term in their chart?

A) Anorexia
B) Exophthalmia
C) Goiter
D) Hirsutism

Question 39

Hypersecretion of somatotropin from the adenohypophysis during childhood, leading to excessive growth, is

A) GHD.
B) pituitary gigantism.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) Simmonds' disease.

Question 40

Enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not due to a tumor is called

A) anorexia.
B) exophthalmia.
C) goiter.
D) hirsutism.

Question 41

Excessive potassium in the blood is

A) hypercalcemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypernatremia.

Question 42

What is the medical term for a genetic condition of rapid aging?

A) Acromegaly
B) Progeria
C) Goiter
D) Cushing's syndrome

Question 43

Which is caused by a lack of vasopressin?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Hyperinsulinism
D) Diabetes insipidus

Question 44

The condition of excessive urination is

A) polydipsia.
B) polyuria.
C) polyphagia.
D) micturition.

Question 45

Insufficient secretion of adrenal cortisol, manifested by gastric complaints, hypotension, and dehydration, is _____ disease.

A) Addison's
B) Cushing's
C) Graves'
D) Simmonds'

Question 46

Excessive calcium in the blood is

A) hypercalcemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypernatremia.

Question 47

Deficient insulin production associated with obesity and family history is

A) hyperinsulinism.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) diabetes insipidus.

Question 48

Excessive sodium in the blood is

A) hypercalcemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypernatremia.

Question 49

The condition of excessive appetite is

A) polydipsia.
B) polyuria.
C) polyphagia.
D) anorexia.

Question 50

Which disease was previously called NIDDM?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Hyperinsulinism
D) Diabetes insipidus

Question 51

Oversecretion of insulin, seen in some newborns of diabetic mothers, is

A) hyperinsulinism.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) diabetes insipidus.

Question 52

Continuous muscle spasms are

A) paresthesia.
B) tetany.
C) myalgia.
D) muscular dystrophy.

Question 53

Excessive sugar in the blood is

A) hypercalcemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypernatremia.

Question 54

The condition of excessive thirst is

A) polydipsia.
B) polyuria.
C) polyphagia.
D) paresthesia.

Question 55

An abnormal sensation such as prickling is

A) polydipsia.
B) polyuria.
C) polyphagia.
D) paresthesia.

Question 56

Which disease was previously called IDDM?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Hyperinsulinism
D) Diabetes insipidus

Question 57

A usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla is

A) pheochromocytoma.
B) goiter.
C) Addison's disease.
D) Cushing's disease.

Question 58

The most common form of excessive secretion of hormone by the thyroid gland is _____ disease.

A) Addison's
B) Cushing's
C) Graves'
D) Simmonds'

Question 59

A total lack of insulin production, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections, is

A) hyperinsulinism.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) diabetes insipidus.

Question 60

Excessive secretion of cortisol, leading to obesity, leukocytosis, hirsutism, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and muscle wasting, is _____ syndrome.

A) Addison's
B) Cushing's
C) Graves'
D) Simmonds'

Question 61

What is a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?

A) Phenylketonuria
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Hypercholesterolemia
D) Vasopressin, desmopressin acetate

Question 62

Recording the pancreas through the use of a duodenoscope and a contrast medium is abbreviated

A) PCOS.
B) ERP.
C) SIADH.
D) PKU.

Question 63

Cutting out part or all of the thyroid gland is

A) parathyroidectomy.
B) hypophysectomy.
C) thyroidectomy.
D) adenectomy.

Question 64

An inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, resulting in abnormal, thick secretions of mucus that causes COPD, is

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) morbid obesity.
C) progeria.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 65

Cutting out the parathyroid gland is

A) parathyroidectomy.
B) hypophysectomy.
C) thyroidectomy.
D) adenectomy.

Question 66

The presence of ketones in the urine is called

A) ketonuria.
B) hypokalemia.
C) ketoacidosis.
D) hyperkalemia.

Question 67

Enlargement of the extremities, jaw, nose, and forehead is called

A) gigantism.
B) growth hormone deficiency.
C) acromegaly.
D) tetany.

Question 68

What is a condition of patients who are 50% to 100% over their ideal body weight?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Ketoacidosis
C) Morbid obesity
D) Progeria

Question 69

What is the medical term for an excessive amount of ketone acids in the bloodstream?

A) Hypernatremia
B) Phenylketonuria
C) Hyperalimentation
D) Ketoacidosis

Question 70

Suturing the gland that is directly above the kidney is

A) pancreatoduodenectomy.
B) hypophysectomy.
C) thyroidectomy.
D) adrenalrrhaphy.

Question 71

A fatal genetic disorder in which lipids accumulate in the tissues and brain because of an enzyme deficiency is

A) Tay-Sachs disease.
B) dehydration.
C) pheochromocytoma.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 72

The most common type of pituitary tumor, which causes the pituitary to oversecrete prolactin, is

A) thymoma.
B) islet cell carcinoma.
C) prolactinoma.
D) pheochromocytoma.

Question 73

A condition of deficient water in the body is

A) hyponatremia.
B) dehydration.
C) Tay-Sachs disease.
D) pheochromocytoma.

Question 74

Cutting out part or all of the pancreas is

A) pancreasotomy.
B) pancreasectomy.
C) pancreatotomy.
D) pancreatectomy.

Question 75

The presence of glucose in the urine is called

A) hypoglycemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) polyuria.
D) glycosuria.

Question 76

Cutting out an adrenal gland bilaterally is

A) adenectomy.
B) adrenalectomy.
C) adenotomy.
D) adrenotomy.

Question 77

Cutting out the gland that includes the islets of Langerhans is

A) parathyroidectomy.
B) hypophysectomy.
C) pancreatectomy.
D) adrenalectomy.

Question 78

Oversecretion of ADH, leading to severe hyponatremia, is called

A) Simmonds' disease.
B) acromegaly.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) SIADH.

Question 79

Pancreatoduodenectomy-cutting out the head of the pancreas together with the duodenum-is also called

A) duodenectomy.
B) ERP.
C) pancreatectomy.
D) Whipple procedure.

Question 80

Cutting out the pituitary gland is

A) parathyroidectomy.
B) pituitectomy.
C) thyroidectomy.
D) adenectomy.