Deck 13: Meiosis

Question 1

Figure 13.4
Refer to Figure 13.4. Put the stages of meiosis shown here in the order that they would occur in a cell.

A) a, b, c, d
B) a, c, d, b
C) c, a, b, d
D) c, a, d, b

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The egg of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a fruit fly?

A) 2
B) 16
C) 4
D) 8

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 13.5
Grasshoppers have 11 pair of autosomes, and one sex chromosome. Which chromosome in Figure 13.5 is the sex chromosome?

A) j
B) e
C) X
D) k

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 13.1
What can you infer from the karyotype shown in Figure 13.1?

A) There is a translocation in one of the chromosome 8 homologues.
B) This individual has an abnormal number of autosomes.
C) This individual has a single sex chromosome.
D) This is a karyotype of a male.

Question 5

Chromosome number of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, can be represented by which of the following?

A) n
B) 2n
C) 4n
D) 6n

Question 6

Egg and sperm, involved in sexual reproduction, are formed through a process called

A) binary fission.
B) meiosis.
C) fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 7

Crossover, the exchange of segments of homologous chromosomes, takes place during which of the following processes?

A) DNA replication
B) synapsis
C) cytokinesis
D) anaphase I

Question 8

Meiosis involves the creation of haploid cells from diploid cells. The haploid chromosome number is created when

A) the S phase of the cell cycle is bypassed during meiotic interphase.
B) homologous chromosomes separate.
C) ova and sperm go through their respective maturation processes.
D) sister chromatids separate.

Question 9

Somatic cells of roundworms have four chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you find in an ovum from a roundworm?

A) a diploid number
B) two
C) four
D) eight

Question 10

Centromeres split and sister chromosomes migrate to opposite poles in

A) anaphase I.
B) prophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) telophase II.

Question 11

Figure 13.3
In Figure 13.3, what major event is taking place during this phase of meiosis?

A) homologues separate
B) crossing over
C) separation of sister chromatids
D) synapsis

Question 12

Figure 13.1
What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis?

A) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis II.
B) Crossover takes place in meiosis II.
C) Meiosis II takes place in a haploid cell, while mitosis takes place in diploid cells.
D) Homologues align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.

Question 13

At what stage of meiosis does DNA replication take place?

A) DNA replication does not take place in cells destined to undergo meiosis.
B) between meiosis I and meiosis II
C) prophase I
D) None. DNA replication occurs before meiosis I begins.

Question 14

Homologous chromosomes

A) carry the same alleles.
B) carry information for the same traits.
C) align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.
D) are identical.

Question 15

Chromosomes and their homologues align at the equator of the cell during

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase I.
C) prophase II.
D) metaphase II.

Question 16

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I?

A) Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.
B) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis I.
C) DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I.
D) Prophase is longer and more complex in mitosis.

Question 17

Figure 13.2
The karyotype shown above is that of a snail, Pomacea patula catemacensis. What is the diploid number for this organism?

A) 46
B) 26
C) 7
D) 13

Question 18

Hexaploid wheat was produced synthetically by He and coworkers. They mated the diploid species, Aegilops tauschii, and the tetraploid species, T. turgidum. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relative contribution of each parent to the genome of the hexaploid offspring?

A) Aegilops tauschii contributed four chromosomes by failing to complete meiosis after chromosome replication, and T. turgidum contributed two chromosomes.
B) Aegilops tauschii contributed two chromosomes, and T. turgidum contributed four chromosomes.
C) Each parent contributed equally to the genome of the offspring.
D) The hexaploid number appeared following mitosis with no subsequent cell division.

Question 19

For the duration of meiosis I, each chromosome is

A) in the form of a tetrad.
B) undergoing synapsis.
C) a chromosome and its homologue.
D) two sister chromatids joined by a centromere.

Question 20

Sister chromatids separate during

A) metaphase I.
B) interkinesis.
C) anaphase II.
D) anaphase I.

Question 21

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems. New trees can sprout from these stems. This is an example of what type of reproduction?

A) haploid
B) sexual
C) alternation of generations
D) asexual

Question 22

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. You have a male and a female roundworm that are planning a family. Assuming random segregation of homologues during meiosis and no crossover, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 64

Question 23

Figure 13.6
In the diploid cell above there are chromosomes and chromatids.

A) 2; 8
B) 2; 2
C) 8; 8
D) 4; 4
E) 4; 8
F) 2; 4

Question 24

Figure 13.6
Just prior to meiosis, DNA is replicated. Each resulting piece of replicated DNA is considered to be chromosomes) and is made up of chromatics).

A) 2; 2
B) 1; 4
C) 1; 1
D) 2; 4
E) 1; 2

Question 25

Which of the following would enable you to detect aneuploidy?

A) synapsis
B) karyotyping
C) autosomy
D) syngamy

Question 26

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

A) synapsis
B) DNA replication
C) fertilization
D) reverse transcription

Question 27

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it

A) produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens.
B) enhances genetic variability in the species.
C) enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favourable to that species.
D) allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations.
E) allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions.

Question 28

When we first see chiasmata under a microscope, we know that

A) anaphase II has occurred.
B) prophase I is occurring.
C) asexual reproduction has occurred.
D) meiosis II has occurred.
E) separation of homologs has occurred.

Question 29

Sexual reproduction

A) can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment.
B) enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats.
C) allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions.
D) yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction.
E) guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring.

Question 30

Which of the following is the difference between trisomy and triploidy?

A) Trisomic individuals have three copies of every chromosome; triploid individuals have three copies of a specific chromosome.
B) Trisomic individuals have three copies of a specific chromosome; triploid individuals have three copies of every chromosome.
C) Trisomic individuals have three copies of one gene on one chromosome; triploid.
D) There is no difference between the two terms-they mean the same thing.

Question 31

Plants produce more seeds when they reproduce asexually than sexually. Yet most plants reproduce sexually in nature. What is the probable explanation for the prevalence of sexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction

A) ensures genetic continuity from parents to offspring.
B) is not dependent on other agents of pollination.
C) can be undertaken more quickly than asexual reproduction.
D) is more energy efficient than asexual reproduction.
E) mixes up alleles, contributing to variation in a species.

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of monosomy?

A) Down's syndrome 21, 21, 21)
B) Klinefelter's syndrome XXY)
C) Turner's syndrome XO)

Question 33

The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore, following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome. There is/are different possible combinations) of genes in the daughter cells of meiosis because .

A) one; there is only one chromosome per cell
B) two; there are two homologous chromosomes per cell prior to meiosis
C) more than 2; the two homologues cross over

Question 34

Genetic recombination takes place in which of the following processes?

A) crossing over
B) alignment of tetrads in metaphase I
C) random alignment of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I
D) anaphase I of meiosis

Question 35

Which of the following types of reproduction is associated with the most genetic variation among offspring?

A) asexual reproduction
B) sexual reproduction
C) budding
D) binary fission

Question 36

In sexual reproduction, the variation among offspring, and the fact that they are genetically different from their parents, is due to which of the following?

A) random process of fertilization
B) random alignment of homologues during meiosis I
C) crossing over
D) all of the above contribute to genetic variability in sexual reproduction

Question 37

In 1985, Hassold and Chiu found that the likelihood of miscarriage increased with maternal age. What is the most likely explanation for the relationship between age and miscarriage?

A) Older women typically have hormonal imbalances that prevent them from carrying a baby to term.
B) Women in their mid- thirties and older have more health problems that interfere with their ability to maintain pregnancy.
C) Ova are arrested in meiosis until ovulation. As a result, completion of meiosis in the older woman is more likely to result in aneuploidy or other chromosomal abnormalities.
D) The DNA replication that takes place immediately prior to meiosis is less accurate in older women.

Question 38

Adaptation to a changing environment is likely to occurs most quickly through which of the following processes?

A) asexual reproduction and genetic recombination
B) sexual reproduction
C) mutation

Question 39

Figure 13.6
In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

A) Metaphase II
B) Metaphase I
C) Anaphase II
D) Anaphase I

Question 40

Asexual reproduction takes place by which of the following processes?

A) fertilization
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) chromosome exchange between organisms of the same species