Deck 12: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

An oocyte is ________.

A) the sperm that fertilizes an egg
B) an unfertilized egg
C) the tube that connects the ovaries to the uterus
D) a byproduct of the uterine lining

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During which week of pregnancy do ears and eyes form?

A) the third week
B) the fifth week
C) the sixth week
D) the tenth week

Answer 2

C

Question 3

For fertilization to occur, intercourse must take place ________.

A) 5 days after the first day of a menstrual cycle
B) within 5 days before and 1 day after ovulation
C) within 1 to 3 days before menstruation begins
D) within 1 day before and 3 days after the end of a menstrual period

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the context of the development of the conceptus, which of the following is also referred to as the bag of water?

A) the placenta
B) the uterine sac
C) the chorion
D) the amniotic sac

Question 5

On approximately the fifth day after conception, ________.

A) the embryonic membranes are formed
B) gastrulation occurs
C) the fetus begins to develop
D) the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity

Question 6

At the fifteenth week of gestation, the fetus is covered with a fine, downy hair called ________.

A) vernix
B) vellus hair
C) fontanelle
D) lanugo

Question 7

Formation of the arms and legs of an embryo occurs around the ________.

A) second week of pregnancy
B) twelfth week of pregnancy
C) fifth week of pregnancy
D) first week of pregnancy

Question 8

Gestation refers to ________.

A) intercourse
B) ovulation
C) menstruation
D) pregnancy

Question 9

The process by which the membranes of the sperm become fragile enough to release the enzymes from the sperm's acrosomes is called ________.

A) ovulation
B) capacitation
C) gestation
D) fertilization

Question 10

Which of the following refers to the inner membrane of an embryo?

A) the amnion
B) the placenta
C) the blastula
D) the acrosome

Question 11

Traditionally, physicians calculate the first day of pregnancy as ________.

A) the last day of the menstrual period plus 5 days
B) the date of last intercourse
C) the date of the beginning of the last menstrual period
D) 14 days after the previous menstrual period

Question 12

If a pregnancy proceeds without interruption, the birth will occur approximately how many days after conception?

A) 218 days
B) 266 days
C) 290 days
D) 310 days

Question 13

During the development of the conceptus, the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity on the fifth day where it ________.

A) immediately splits into two distinct masses
B) floats for a day or two before implanting in the uterine lining
C) attaches to the walls of the uterus within the next 4 hours
D) undergoes a series of divisions

Question 14

Which is the correct sequence of development for a fertilized ovum?

A) zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
B) blastocyst, zygote, fetus, embryo
C) zygote, blastocyst, fetus, embryo
D) blastocyst, zygote, embryo, fetus

Question 15

After ovulation, an oocyte remains viable in the female body for ________.

A) 72 hours
B) 30-48 hours
C) 12-24 hours
D) 6-10 hours

Question 16

Why do so few sperm ever reach the fallopian tubes after intercourse?

A) Most leak from the vagina or are destroyed by the vaginal environment.
B) A majority of sperm are deformed and, thus, cannot swim effectively through the cervix.
C) Most sperm cannot pass through the cervix because of its position relative to the vagina.
D) Unless a female orgasm occurs, the cervix closes during the resolution period.

Question 17

The fetus is contained within the ________.

A) yolk
B) amnion
C) placenta
D) blastocyst

Question 18

Fertilization is considered complete when ________.

A) the diploid zygote is formed
B) the acrosomal reaction ceases
C) capacitation begins
D) the corona radiata is penetrated

Question 19

Paula is pregnant. Her last menstrual period began on March 1. Her physician will calculate the first date of her pregnancy as ________.

A) February 15
B) March 1
C) March 15
D) March 29

Question 20

Most sperm are viable in the female reproductive tract for ________.

A) 72 hours
B) 12-48 hours
C) 6-12 hours
D) 4 hours

Question 21

During the ________ trimester, a pregnant woman can feel the fetus move.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 22

Which of the following is typical among pregnant women during the second trimester?

A) Most of the nausea and fatigue disappear.
B) Edema causes swelling in the face, hands, ankles, and feet.
C) Fears regarding miscarriage and fetal normality increase.
D) Physical abilities become somewhat limited.

Question 23

The heart of an embryo starts to pump blood by the ________.

A) second week of pregnancy
B) fifth week of pregnancy
C) fourth week of pregnancy
D) seventh week of pregnancy

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a basic precaution for sexual relations during pregnancy?

A) If there is bleeding, cease sexual activity and consult a physician.
B) Generally, during the third trimester, an orgasm is considered harmful and it should be avoided.
C) Pressure on the woman's abdomen during late pregnancy should be avoided.
D) If the woman has had a prior miscarriage, she should check with her health care practitioner before engaging in activities that could lead to orgasm.

Question 25

Which trimester of pregnancy tends to be the most difficult for the mother?

A) the first
B) the second
C) the third
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 26

A full-term pregnancy lasts ________.

A) 30 weeks
B) 35 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 45 weeks

Question 27

Nausea and vomiting often occur during the ________ trimester.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 28

Natalia is in the third trimester of her pregnancy. She experiences edema, which causes her hands and feet to swell. Which of the following should Natalia do to control these symptoms of edema?

A) She should consume only one meal a day.
B) She should avoid keeping her feet in an elevated position.
C) She should avoid exercising to relieve her symptoms.
D) She should cut down on her intake of salt.

Question 29

Tara missed her period last month. After 4 weeks, she observes that her vagina and cervix appear purplish rather than their usual pink color. She visits a doctor to confirm her pregnancy. Which of the following would the doctor use to confirm Tara's pregnancy?

A) amniocentesis
B) an ultrasound scan
C) chorionic villus sampling
D) the basal body temperature method

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways a pregnant woman's relationship with her mother is likely to change?

A) She may feel the equal of her own mother.
B) She and her mother may develop a more adult-adult relationship.
C) She tends to become more dependent on her mother.
D) She may identify with her mother's experience of pregnancy.

Question 31

German measles (rubella) is most dangerous to an unborn child during ________.

A) the first trimester
B) the second trimester
C) the third trimester
D) the fourth trimester

Question 32

Tina and her husband, Jeremy, plan to have a child. They decide to have sexual intercourse when Tina is ovulating. Also, she decides to use a pregnancy test that detects the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In this scenario, when should Tina conduct the test to determine whether she is pregnant?

A) immediately after having intercourse
B) five days before her expected period
C) three days after having intercourse
D) approximately 1 week following a missed period

Question 33

At what point during the development of the conceptus is a healthy fetus typically able to survive outside the mother's womb?

A) at 5 months
B) at 6 months
C) at 3 months
D) at 7 months

Question 34

In the context of pregnancy detection, Hegar's sign is ________.

A) a dilation of the cervix
B) breast tenderness
C) a softening of the uterus just above the cervix
D) a purplish discoloration of the vagina

Question 35

Positive home pregnancy tests show if ________ is present.

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
B) oxytocin
C) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
D) progestin

Question 36

In the context of the development of the conceptus, the ________ serves as a biochemical barrier, allowing dissolved substances to pass to the fetus but blocking some kinds of viruses and bacteria from passing into the fetal circulatory system.

A) placenta
B) endometrium
C) umbilical cord
D) fallopian tube

Question 37

Julia, a pregnant woman, notices that her morning sickness has disappeared. Moreover, she feels more delighted and positive about her pregnancy than before. She also begins to feel the movement of the fetus. It can be inferred that Julia is most likely in the ________ trimester.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 38

During the third trimester, which of the following events is NOT likely to occur?

A) enlargement of the uterus
B) water retention
C) limited physical abilities
D) return of nausea and vomiting

Question 39

The term now used to describe those who expect and intend to remain nonparents is ________.

A) infertile
B) child-free
C) childless
D) abstinent

Question 40

In the context of the development of the conceptus, the placenta is attached to the fetus by the ________.

A) fallopian tube
B) umbilical cord
C) endometrium
D) cervix

Question 41

Wilma who is in the second trimester of her pregnancy visits her doctor. The doctor conducts a test on her blood to measure the level of alpha-fetoprotein. Which of the following tests is conducted on Wilma?

A) chorionic villus sampling
B) neural tube defect screening
C) amniocentesis
D) cystic fibrosis carrier screening

Question 42

The amniocentesis procedure tests for ________.

A) the position of the fetus
B) fetal abnormalities
C) the stage of development of the fetus
D) multiple fetuses

Question 43

A low-birth-weight infant usually weighs less than ________ pounds at birth.

A) 3.75
B) 7
C) 5.5
D) 2

Question 44

After being rushed to the hospital, Charlene is told she has an ectopic pregnancy. What does this mean?

A) The conceptus has not properly implanted in the endometrium and partial shedding has occurred.
B) The fertilizing egg has implanted in the fallopian tube and is growing outside of the uterus.
C) The zygote has divided into two blastocysts resulting in the implantation of two embryos.
D) The placenta has developed beyond the walls of the uterus.

Question 45

A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine is ________.

A) toxoplasmosis
B) erythroblastosis fetalis
C) gestational hypertension
D) ectopic pregnancy

Question 46

Fetal alcohol syndrome is NOT characterized by________.

A) heart defects
B) unusual facial characteristics
C) behavioral impairment
D) respiratory depression

Question 47

Joy, who uses opium regularly, is currently pregnant and she continues to use the drug. In this case, her infant is at a higher risk for ________.

A) preeclampsia
B) chlamydia
C) neonatal intoxication
D) gestational hypertension

Question 48

Which of the following is true about amniocentesis?

A) It involves scraping the blood cells from the amnion.
B) It involves the withdrawal of a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus.
C) During this procedure, a blood test is conducted on the developing embryo.
D) During this procedure, an ultrasound scan of the mother's abdomen is conducted.

Question 49

Which of the following is extremely important in preventing preterm births?

A) a low-calorie diet
B) regular prenatal care
C) immunization against rubella
D) screening tests for hepatitis

Question 50

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends all pregnant women be screened for all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) syphilis
B) gonorrhea
C) rabies
D) hepatitis B

Question 51

Which of the following is primarily used to determine fetal age, position of the fetus and placenta, and possible developmental problems?

A) ultrasound
B) amniocentesis
C) alpha-fetoprotein test
D) chorionic villus sampling

Question 52

A woman who postpones pregnancy until she is over the age of 35 will likely find that her chances of conceiving ________, whereas her risk of having a live baby with chromosomal problems will ________.

A) increase; decrease
B) decrease; decrease
C) decrease; increase
D) will remain unchanged; increase

Question 53

Births that take place prior to ________ weeks of gestation are considered to be preterm births.

A) 32
B) 35
C) 37
D) 40

Question 54

During her twelfth week of gestation, 38-year-old Merlia underwent a procedure in which a small sample of cells from the placenta was taken for screening. This was done to detect if the fetus had any genetic disorder. This procedure is called ________.

A) chorionic villus sampling
B) amniocentesis
C) neural tube defect screening
D) alpha-fetoprotein sampling

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a reason why low birth weight is problematic?

A) The risk for breathing problems is high for low-birth-weight infants.
B) There will be greater vulnerability to long-term neurological disabilities.
C) Vital organs may be insufficiently developed.
D) The brain and other vital organs may be edematous.

Question 56

Tubal pregnancy is also known as ________ pregnancy.

A) ectopic
B) endometrial
C) peripheral
D) fallopian

Question 57

Karen is trying to become pregnant. She is concerned about contracting rubella, which she has never had and for which she has never been immunized. To help avoid any related problems with her child during pregnancy and afterward, she should ________.

A) discuss rubella immunization with her doctor before trying to get pregnant
B) get an immunization during pregnancy
C) have the child immunized after birth if she contracts rubella during pregnancy
D) make sure the child is immunized at the age of 5

Question 58

A newborn baby has unusual facial features, a small head and body size, poor attention, and a heart defect. Physicians are likely to suspect ________.

A) HIV
B) rubella
C) eclampsia
D) fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 59

During pregnancy, which of the following impairs placental development by reducing blood flow that is likely to lead to a reduction of oxygen and micronutrients to the growing infant?

A) smoking cigarettes
B) consuming alcohol
C) dieting
D) becoming morbidly obese

Question 60

Which of the following is a potential teratogen?

A) fish and seafood
B) environmental pollutants
C) large quantities of protein-rich foods
D) processed foods and beverages

Question 61

Which of the following is true about artificial insemination?

A) A woman's egg is united with her partner's or donor's sperm in a laboratory.
B) The mature egg of a woman is directly injected with a sperm in laboratory settings.
C) The partner's or the donor's sperm is injected into a woman's uterus.
D) The sperm and the egg are taken from donors and injected into the cervix of a woman.

Question 62

Which of the following contributes to the occurrence of infertility in women?

A) uterine fibroids
B) obesity
C) excessive stress
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 63

According to the American Association of Pediatrics (2017), the majority of sudden unexpected infant deaths occur while ________.

A) the infant is playing without adult supervision
B) the mother is bathing the infant
C) the mother is feeding the infant
D) the infant is sleeping in an unsafe environment

Question 64

After many years of testing and attempted fertilizations, Charlotte agrees to have her eggs extracted and fertilized in a dish and then have the resulting embryo transferred to her uterus. This procedure is called ________.

A) intrauterine insemination
B) artificial insemination
C) in vitro fertilization
D) general interuterine fertilization treatment

Question 65

Second-stage labor begins when ________.

A) the placenta is discharged
B) the baby begins to breathe on its own
C) the mucous plug is expelled from the cervix
D) the baby's head moves into the birth canal

Question 66

In the context of women during pregnancy, who among the following is most likely to have a miscarriage?

A) Mira suffers from morning sickness, leading to nausea and vomiting.
B) Salma suffers from edema, which has led to slight swelling of her hands and feet.
C) Carolina suffers from pelvic cramps and vaginal bleeding.
D) Paula notices that her vagina and cervix have taken on a purplish color rather than the usual pink.

Question 67

Hannah is unable to conceive because of hormonal problems that prevent the release of a mature egg from her ovary. Which of the following options can Hannah consider?

A) intrauterine insemination
B) intracytoplasmic sperm injection
C) opting for a gestational carrier
D) opting for a surrogate mother

Question 68

The ________ stage of labor is usually the longest.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 69

A couple has been unable to conceive a child for over a year. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause?

A) uterine fibroids
B) poor diet
C) a varicocele
D) anxiety

Question 70

Carla just had chorionic villus sampling to determine if her fetus had birth defects. This test was likely performed between ________ weeks of gestation.

A) 2 and 4
B) 8 and 10
C) 10 and 13
D) 15 and 20

Question 71

If a baby is healthy, the Apgar score will range ________.

A) between 4 and 6
B) between 2 and 5
C) between 11 and 12
D) between 7 and 10

Question 72

Uterine contractions are stimulated by ________.

A) relaxin
B) oxytocin and prostaglandins
C) lochia and lanugo
D) allantois and human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 73

Newborns often appear wet and are covered by a waxy substance called ________.

A) vernix
B) lochia
C) lanugo
D) chorion

Question 74

________ is usually defined as the spontaneous expulsion of the fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy.

A) A miscarriage
B) A stillbirth
C) Endometriosis
D) Preeclampsia

Question 75

All fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are handled are known as ________.

A) assisted reproductive technology (ART)
B) physician intervention procedure (PIP)
C) fertility insemination treatment (FIT)
D) genetic uterine manipulation (GUM)

Question 76

Kelly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her friend Sydney who is unable to conceive. Sydney's egg is fertilized by her husband's sperm in a lab and the resulting embryo is transferred to Kelly's uterus. In this case, Kelly is a ________.

A) gestational carrier
B) surrogate mother
C) foster mother
D) biological parent

Question 77

An Apgar score measures ________.

A) reflexes, color, respiration, and eye movement
B) heart rate, blood pressure, and birth weight
C) red blood cell count, respiration, birth weight, and reflexes
D) heart rate, respiration, skin color, reflexes, and muscle tone

Question 78

The first sign that a pregnant woman may miscarry is ________.

A) a painful swelling of the breasts
B) severe nausea
C) vaginal bleeding
D) a softening of the uterus just above the cervix

Question 79

Lilly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her cousin Shiny whose ovaries and uterus were removed because of an infection. Lilly's egg is fertilized by Shiny's husband's sperm in a laboratory and the embryo is transferred to Lilly's uterus. In this case, Lilly is a ________.

A) gestational carrier
B) surrogate mother
C) foster mother
D) proxy mother

Question 80

According to the American Pregnancy Association (2017), about 10-25 percent of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. Most of these occur because of ________.

A) sexual intercourse during late pregnancy
B) chromosomal abnormalities
C) nutritional deficiencies
D) presence of multiple fetuses