Deck 44: Physiology of the Urinary System

Question 1

An important aspect of urine is its density or specific gravity, which is ________.

A) 1.000-1.015
B) 1.041-1.073
C) 1.003-1.030
D) 1.030-1.040

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The main force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________.

A) glomerular blood pressure
B) the thickness of the capillary endothelium
C) the size of the podocytes
D) none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.

A) cotransport with sodium ions
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The normal pH range of urine is ________.

A) 3.5-7
B) 7-9
C) 1-4.5
D) 4.5-8

Question 5

All of the following may increase the permeability of the glomerular membrane EXCEPT ________.

A) bacterial toxins
B) physical injury
C) disease
D) low blood pressure

Question 6

The descending limb of the loop of Henle ________.

A) is freely permeable to sodium
B) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
C) is not permeable to water
D) none of the above

Question 7

All of the following may cause urobilinogenuria EXCEPT ________.

A) cirrhosis
B) kidney stones
C) infectious hepatitis
D) congestive heart failure

Question 8

All of the following are normal constituents of urine EXCEPT ________.

A) uric acid
B) urea
C) blood
D) creatinine

Question 9

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.

A) increase in the production of aldosterone
B) decrease in the concentration of blood plasma
C) increase in the production of ADH
D) decrease in the production of ADH

Question 10

The mechanisms that establish the medullary osmotic gradient depend mostly on the properties of the ________.

A) glomerular filtration membrane
B) loop of Henle
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting duct

Question 11

All of the following may cause ketones to be found in the urine EXCEPT ________.

A) diabetes mellitus
B) a diet very low in carbohydrates
C) starvation
D) a diet very low in protein