Deck 14: Plants and Fungi

Question 1

In the life cycle of vascular plants,a gametophyte forms from a

A) zygote.
B) sporophyte.
C) gamete.
D) spore.
E) zygote and a gamete.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the current situation regarding the wheat stem rust fungus?

A) it has been eradicated
B) it has wiped out most of the wheat around the world
C) resistant wheat strains have made the fungus mostly ineffectual
D) a new strain of wheat stem rust has emerged that is infecting resistant varieties of wheat
E) it is only a problem in the United States

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Gametophytes are

A) haploid plants that produce spores.
B) diploid plants that produce spores.
C) haploid plants that produce gametes.
D) diploid plants that produce gametes.
E) diploid or haploid plants that produce gametes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following lists is the correct proposed sequence in the evolution of plants?

A) angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms
B) bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms
C) gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants
D) seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms
E) gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms >>> seedless vascular plants

Question 5

How is the new strain of wheat stem rust fungus spreading around the world?

A) spores are carried by birds
B) viral vectors carried in insects
C) imported infected wheat
D) wind dispersal of spores
E) none of these

Question 6

What type of fungus is the wheat stem rust fungus?

A) parasite
B) mycorrhizal
C) decomposer
D) human pathogen
E) photosynthetic

Question 7

In the life cycle of bryophytes,which of the following dominates?

A) gametophyte stage
B) sporophyte stage
C) haploid stage and sporophyte body
D) diploid stage and gametophyte body
E) the gametophyte and the sporophyte bodies both dominate

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a trend evident to plant evolution?

A) increasing independence from water
B) development of vascular tissue
C) increasing dominance of the gametophyte generation
D) evolution from one type of spore to two types of spores
E) increasing dominance of the diploid phase of the life cycle

Question 9

What agricultural practice encourages the rapid spread of plant diseases?

A) irrigation practices
B) use of herbicide sprays
C) genetic modification of crops
D) planting large areas with a single variety
E) use of pesticides

Question 10

The first haploid structure in the life cycle of a plant is the

A) zygote.
B) gamete.
C) gametophyte.
D) spore.
E) sporophyte.

Question 11

In what part or parts of the plant life cycle does mitosis NOT take place?

A) from zygote to sporophyte
B) from spore to gametophyte
C) from gametophyte to gamete
D) from sporophyte to spores
E) Mitosis takes place in all of these parts of the life cycle.

Question 12

The cuticle of a plant is primarily for

A) retention of water.
B) conduction of water and minerals.
C) absorption of oxygen.
D) photosynthesis.
E) structural support.

Question 13

What distinguishes plants from green algae?

A) use of chlorophyll as a photosynthetic pigment
B) cellulose cell walls
C) an embryo that forms within and is nourished by parental tissue
D) an alternation of generations life cycle
E) production of spores and gametes

Question 14

Land plants most likely evolved from which of the following organisms?

A) brown algae
B) red algae
C) green algae
D) bryophytes
E) seedless vascular plants

Question 15

In the plant life cycle,what process takes place between the formation of gametes and the formation of the zygote?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) fertilization
D) more than one of these
E) none of these

Question 16

Which of the following structures in the life cycle of a plant are diploid?

A) spores
B) gametophytes
C) gametes
D) sporophytes
E) all of these are diploid

Question 17

How does the wheat stem rust fungus harm its host plant?

A) by blocking the flow of water through the plant
B) it interferes with the photosynthetic process
C) it absorbs plant sugars made in photosynthesis
D) it blocks the formation of wheat seeds
E) it interferes with flowering

Question 18

Land plants most likely evolved from

A) chlorophytes.
B) cladophorophytes.
C) chaetophytes.
D) charophytes.
E) coccinophytes

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE concerning seeds?

A) Present-day ferns produce seeds.
B) Seeds contain an immature sporophyte.
C) Pollen grains mature into seeds.
D) Seeds contain a food source.
E) All of these are true.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE of xylem?

A) It conducts water downward in the plant.
B) It transports food upward in the plant.
C) It transports minerals and water throughout the plant.
D) It transports material from stem to leaf.
E) It supports the plant stem.

Question 21

Which statement about bryophytes is NOT true?

A) The sporophyte is diploid.
B) The sporangium produces gametes.
C) The sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte.
D) Mitosis precedes gamete formation.
E) Sportophytes are formed by mitosis.

Question 22

Which of the following produces no seeds?

A) cycads
B) conifers
C) horsetails
D) ginkgos
E) tomatoes

Question 23

Which of the following do nonvascular plants lack?

A) spores
B) gametes
C) zygotes
D) seeds
E) more than one of these

Question 24

Which of the following is the closest living nonvascular relative to vascular plants?

A) hornworts
B) liverworts
C) mosses
D) ferns
E) red algae

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true about peat bogs?

A) they are found throughout the world at high latitudes
B) they are harvested and used in planting mixtures
C) they are harvested and used as fuels
D) they are anaerobic
E) they are highly alkaline

Question 26

What do mosses and other nonvascular plants have that seed plants don't have?

A) spores
B) gametes
C) gametophytes
D) sporophytes
E) flagellated sperm

Question 27

Which of the following plants represent the oldest living plant lineage?

A) hornworts
B) liverworts
C) mosses
D) ferns
E) conifers

Question 28

In which of the following plants is the gametophyte larger and longer-lived than the sporophyte?

A) mosses
B) conifers
C) ferns
D) flowering plants
E) none of these

Question 29

What is the function of phloem?

A) it helps the plant prevent desiccation
B) it carries water and minerals
C) it carries photosynthetic sugars
D) it allows for gas exchange
E) it does more than one of these

Question 30

Which of the following characteristics is common to bryophytes and to seedless vascular plants?

A) xylem conduction cells
B) sporophyte predominant
C) gametophyte predominant
D) water required for fertilization
E) true roots

Question 31

Which structures found in ferns are lacking in mosses?

A) spores
B) gametophytes
C) xylem
D) sporophytes
E) flagellated sperm

Question 32

How are the spores of mosses dispersed?

A) water
B) wind
C) animals
D) all of these
E) more than one of these but not all of these

Question 33

Bryophytes differ from all other land plants in that they

A) possess swimming sperm.
B) have stomata.
C) have dependent sporophytes.
D) exhibit alternation of generations.
E) protect the embryo inside parental tissue.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of seedless vascular plants?

A) Sporophytes are independent of gametophytes.
B) Water is not needed for gamete transport.
C) Sporophytes have vascular tissue.
D) Seeds are not produced.
E) Living members still exist.

Question 35

Seedless vascular plants most likely evolved directly from

A) bryophytes.
B) angiosperms.
C) ferns.
D) gymnosperms.
E) green algae.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a nonvascular plant?

A) moss
B) hornwort
C) liverwort
D) fern
E) all of these ARE nonvascular plants

Question 37

Which of the following is a difference between ferns and seed producing vascular plants?

A) ferns release their spores; vascular plants do not
B) vascular plants have xylem; ferns do not
C) vascular plants have phloem; ferns do not
D) vascular plants produce embryos; ferns do not
E) vascular plants have roots; ferns do not

Question 38

What holds a moss plant in place in the soil?

A) holdfasts
B) rhizoids
C) roots
D) rhizomes
E) the soil itself

Question 39

The mosses,liverworts,and hornworts are members of which group?

A) conifers
B) ferns
C) gymnosperms
D) bryophytes
E) angiosperms

Question 40

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Bryophytes have a short-lived sporophyte phase.
B) Bryophytes lack true leaves and stems but possess true roots.
C) Zygotes of bryophytes are released into the environment after their formation.
D) Bryophytes do not reproduce asexually.
E) Bryophytes produce male and female gametophytes that are identical in appearance.

Question 41

Which of the following will eventually produce a female gametophyte?

A) megaspore
B) microsporangium
C) microspore
D) megasporangium
E) female gametes

Question 42

The leaves of ferns are called

A) epiphytes.
B) stems.
C) fronds.
D) bracts.
E) rhizomes.

Question 43

Many ferns live on other plants without withdrawing nutrients from them.These ferns are said to be

A) epiphytes.
B) bryophytes.
C) parasites.
D) pathogens.
E) saprophytes.

Question 44

Which of the following plants were dominant in the Carboniferous period?

A) club mosses
B) peat mosses
C) ferns
D) liverworts
E) more than one of these

Question 45

In what way or ways does or do seedless vascular plants differ from seed plants?

A) seedless vascular plants do not have a sporophyte stage; seed plants do
B) the sporophyte of the seed plants gives rise to gametes; the sporophyte of seedless vascular plants gives rise to spores
C) the gametophyte of the seedless vascular plants is free-living; the gametophyte of seed plants is not
D) the sporophyte of seedless vascular plants is haploid; the sporophyte of the seed plants is diploid
E) the gametophyte of the seed plants form spores; the gametophyte of the seedless vascular plants form gametes

Question 46

What is different about ferns compared to seed producing plants?

A) they have a gametophyte stage
B) they produce spores
C) the zygote develops into a sporophyte
D) the roots form from an underground stem
E) more than one of these is different about ferns

Question 47

Which of the following plants are widely planted in cities because of their resistance to air pollution?

A) lycopods
B) ginkgos
C) cycads
D) conifers
E) grasses

Question 48

Microspores mature into

A) ovules.
B) seeds.
C) pollen grains.
D) megaspores.
E) pollen sacs.

Question 49

Which of the following are seed plants?

A) cycads
B) ginkgoes
C) conifers
D) angiosperms
E) all of these

Question 50

Which of the following plants are capable of secondary growth?

A) ferns
B) horsetails
C) club mosses
D) conifers
E) liverworts

Question 51

The seed plants became dominant in the late ___ when the climate became ___.

A) Cambrian---wetter
B) Carboniferous---drier
C) Carboniferous--wetter
D) Cretaceous---drier
E) Cretaceous---wetter

Question 52

What mineral is found in horsetails that help protect it from insects?

A) siderite
B) aluminum
C) silica
D) feldspar
E) amethyst

Question 53

The feature of horsetails that was useful before the invention of modern abrasive cleaners was (were)

A) rhizomes.
B) the gametophytes.
C) the leaves.
D) cones at the tips of their stems.
E) the stem.

Question 54

If fertilization occurs,the seed will develop from the

A) gametophyte.
B) ovary.
C) ovule.
D) pollen grain.
E) zygote.

Question 55

Which of the following will eventually produce a mature pollen?

A) megaspore
B) microsporangium
C) microspore
D) female gametophyte
E) megasporangium

Question 56

Which of the following plants fits the description of having flagellated sperm,xylem and phloem,and a short-lived gametophyte?

A) peat moss
B) pine tree
C) rose
D) horsetail
E) more than one of these

Question 57

Which of the following plants are among those that contributed to the formation of coal?

A) horsetails
B) peat mosses
C) conifers
D) angiosperm trees
E) more than one of these

Question 58

In seed plants,

A) xylem conveys sugar from the production site to the storage site.
B) fertilization requires water.
C) fertilization produces a zygote within the pollen sac.
D) male gametophyte and female gametophyte develop independently.
E) microspores enlarge to become megaspores.

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE about the spores of seed plants?

A) megaspores develop into female gametophytes
B) meiosis produces four megaspores
C) microspores enlarge to become megaspores
D) megaspores are diploid cells
E) microspores undergo meiosis to form four pollen grains

Question 60

In many ferns,

A) gametes are produced from meiosis.
B) asexual reproduction occurs more frequently than sexual reproduction.
C) fertilization is followed by formation of gametes.
D) the gametophyte stage is completely dependent upon the sporophyte stage.
E) more than one of these is true.

Question 61

Which plant is consumed by more people worldwide than any other plant?

A) wheat
B) corn
C) rice
D) potatoes
E) legumes

Question 62

Which of the following plants are NOT monocots?

A) lilies
B) palms
C) cacti
D) grasses
E) orchids

Question 63

One reason angiosperms are more successful than gymnosperms is because gymnosperms lack ___.

A) seeds
B) megaspores
C) fruits
D) true leaves
E) wood

Question 64

A pine tree is

A) an angiosperm.
B) a haploid plant body.
C) a sporophyte.
D) a living fossil.
E) a gametophyte.

Question 65

In pine trees,the immature male gametophyte is

A) a megaspore.
B) the embryonic pine seed.
C) a pollen grain.
D) a megasporangium.
E) a microspore.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about the pine cone is correct?

A) Cones are exclusively a female structure.
B) Cones are the result of pollination.
C) One type of cone produces both microspores and megaspores.
D) Seeds are formed inside of fruits.
E) One type of cone produces microspores; the other type produces megaspores.

Question 67

The domination of the flowering plants over the past 100 million years appear to be their coevolution with

A) dinosaurs.
B) gymnosperms.
C) insects.
D) mammals.
E) humans.

Question 68

A pine seed is composed primarily of

A) the embryo.
B) female gametophyte.
C) seed coats.
D) the embryo and seed coats.
E) the embryo, seed coats, and female gametophyte.

Question 69

Which of these organisms,sometimes called living fossils,is represented by only one species?

A) horsetails
B) club mosses
C) liverworts
D) ginkgos
E) cycads

Question 70

The group of seed plants that has the most species is the

A) bryophytes.
B) ferns.
C) gymnosperms.
D) monocots.
E) eudicots.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a unique angiosperm adaptation that allowed them to outcompete gymnosperms to become the dominant land plants?

A) they grow faster than gymnosperms
B) pollination is assisted by insects and other animals
C) animals assisted in seed dispersal by consuming their fruits
D) angiosperms have non-flagellated sperm and thus can reproduce in dry areas
E) more than one of these is NOT a unique angiosperm adaptation that allowed them to become the dominant land plants

Question 72

What is the chromosome number of endosperm?

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) triploid
D) quatraploid
E) it depends on which plant it is in

Question 73

The female part of a flower is known as the

A) stamen.
B) anther.
C) carpel.
D) megaspore.
E) endosperm.

Question 74

Angiosperms

A) are the most successful of all plants.
B) are the most diverse of all plants.
C) produce seeds inside an enclosed structure.
D) have embryos that are provided with endosperm.
E) have all of these characteristics.

Question 75

In flowering plants,pollen grains form in the flower's male parts called

A) stamens.
B) anthers.
C) carpels.
D) megaspores.
E) endosperms.

Question 76

The vast majority of plant species are

A) algae.
B) bryophytes.
C) gymnosperms.
D) angiosperms.
E) mosses.

Question 77

In which of the following ways do cycads and ginkgos differ from conifers?

A) cycads and ginkgos have flagellated sperm; conifers do not have flagellated sperm
B) conifers have microspores and megaspores; cycads and ginkgos have only one type of spore
C) cycads and ginkgos form fruits; conifers do not
D) conifers form seeds on the surface of the ovules; cycads and ginkgos form seeds in enclosed structures
E) conifer form seeds from female gametophytes; cycads and ginkgos form seeds from male gametophytes

Question 78

The only group of plants that produce flowers are the

A) horsetails.
B) ferns.
C) bryophytes.
D) angiosperms.
E) gymnosperms.

Question 79

The United States devotes more acerage to ___ than any other plant.

A) wheat
B) corn
C) rice
D) potatoes
E) legumes

Question 80

Ginkgo extracts have been used in the treatment of

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) sickle cell disease.
E) malaria.