Deck 15: Animal Evolution

Question 1

All animals are multi-cellular,

A) heterotrophic, and aerobic.
B) heterotrophic, and lack motility.
C) autotrophic, and have embryos.
D) autotrophic, and motile.
E) heterotrophic, sexual, and non-embryonic.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following cushions and protects internal organs yet moves independently of the body wall?

A) the coelom
B) the mesoderm
C) the protostome
D) the gastrovascular cavity
E) the endoderm

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following animals do NOT have tissues?

A) sponges
B) annelids
C) roundworms
D) cnidarians
E) more than one of these animals does not have tissues

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the organisms below give support for the colonial theory of animal origins?

A) Charophytes
B) Choanoflagellates
C) Chytrids
D) Confuciusornis
E) Club fungi

Question 5

Which of the following is an embryonic tissue that is most recently evolved?

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm
D) periderm
E) epiderm

Question 6

Which of the following is the earliest known reptile with bird-like feathers?

A) Archaeopteryx.
B) Confusciusornis sanctus.
C) Sinosauropteryx prima.
D) Tyrannosaurus rex.
E) Picarara liops.

Question 7

Which of the following invertebrates is NOT a protostome?

A) annelids
B) mollusks
C) echinoderms
D) arthropods
E) flatworms

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT among the events that may have led to the explosion of animal diversity 542 - 488 million years ago?

A) increase in oceanic carbon dioxide concentrations
B) decreased gene flow caused by the breakup of the supercontinents
C) evolution of predation
D) mutations in homeotic genes
E) all of these are among the events that led to the explosion of animal diversity 542 - 488 million years ago

Question 9

Most animal lineages evolved during the ___ period.

A) Cretaceous
B) Devonian
C) Ordovician
D) Silurian
E) Cambrian

Question 10

This animal has the fewest genes,the simplest body plan,and only four cell types.It is a

A) planarian.
B) placozoan.
C) annelid.
D) roundworm.
E) sponge.

Question 11

Which of the following is the protist most closely related to animals?

A) Placozoans
B) Choanogflagellates
C) Charophytes
D) Amoebas
E) Dinoflagellates

Question 12

Major trends in the evolution of animals include

A) cephalization, the development of a definite head region.
B) the development of types of symmetry.
C) variation in coelomic cavities.
D) segmentation.
E) all of these.

Question 13

Archaeopteryx and Sinosauropteryx prima are related to

A) modern lizards.
B) modern birds.
C) modern snakes
D) modern bats.
E) modern crocodiles.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sinosauropteryx prima?

A) downy feathers
B) long tail
C) claws
D) long flight feathers
E) all of these are characteristics of Sinosauropteryx prima

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of placozoans?

A) They have a flattened body.
B) They have ciliated cells and gland cells.
C) They eat bacteria and single-celled algae.
D) They have four types of cells.
E) None of these are true of placozoans

Question 16

Which of the following animals lack a "true" coelom?

A) flatworms only
B) annelids only
C) roundworms only
D) flatworms and annelids
E) flatworms and roundworms

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the cells of a Choanoflagellate colony?

A) each cell is genetically unique
B) each cell is genetically identical
C) each cell has a different chromosome number
D) each cell performs the same function as the other cells
E) each cell has the ability to switch their sex from male to female and back again

Question 18

The colonial theory of animal origins states that animals

A) migrated on land from sponge colonies in the ocean.
B) originated in the Colonial geologic period.
C) evolved from autotrophic green alga colonies.
D) evolved from heterotrophic colony-forming protists.
E) colonized land before they colonized the seas.

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics is NOT found in all animal groups?

A) multi-cellularity
B) coelomate
C) heterotrophy
D) symmetry
E) more than one of these

Question 20

The feathers of Sinosauropteryx prima are hypothesized to have served for

A) flight.
B) insulation.
C) scaring predators.
D) camouflage.
E) sexual attraction.

Question 21

Shrimps,crabs,and lobsters are examples of

A) cephalopods.
B) gastropods.
C) mollusks.
D) arachnids.
E) crustaceans.

Question 22

Which of the following is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton?

A) It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an endoskeleton.
B) It allows for excess water loss.
C) It must be shed for its owner to grow.
D) It is not flexible enough to allow a full range of movements.
E) It is not able to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage.

Question 23

Which of the following organisms is NOT a cephalopod?

A) slug
B) octopus
C) squid
D) nautilus
E) more than one of these is NOT a cephalopod

Question 24

The most successful animals that have ever evolved are the

A) chordates.
B) insects.
C) humans.
D) annelids.
E) crustaceans.

Question 25

This animal has radial symmetry,a gastrovascular cavity,and the same opening is for the entry of food and expulsion of waste.It is ___.

A) a cnidarian
B) a flatworm
C) an annelid
D) a mollusk
E) more than one of these

Question 26

Which of the following allowed for evolutionary innovations in body form?

A) bilateral symmetry
B) segmentation
C) coelomate evolution
D) ectoderm development
E) gastrovascular cavities

Question 27

Which of the following are characterized by radially symmetrical members?

A) annelids
B) arthropods
C) cnidarians
D) roundworms
E) flatworms

Question 28

This animal lacks symmetry,has no embryonic tissues,and has intracellular digestion.It is ___.

A) a cnidarian
B) a flatworm
C) a sponge
D) an annelid
E) more than one of these

Question 29

Squids are examples of

A) cephalopods.
B) pseudopods.
C) monopods.
D) gastropods.
E) polypods.

Question 30

Sea anemones are

A) polyp forms of cnidarians.
B) medusae forms of cnidarians.
C) spongiforms of cnidarians.
D) spongiforms of echinoderms.
E) polyp forms of echinoderms.

Question 31

Jellyfishes are

A) polyp forms of cnidarians.
B) medusae forms of cnidarians.
C) spongiforms of cnidarians.
D) spongiforms of echinoderms.
E) polyp forms of echinoderms.

Question 32

Nematocysts are found only in

A) cnidarians.
B) roundworms.
C) crustaceans.
D) echinoderms.
E) arthropods.

Question 33

Humans have ___ symmetry and are ___.

A) radial--protostomes
B) radial-deuterostomes
C) bilateral--deuterostomes
D) bilateral-protostomes
E) biradial-deuterostomes

Question 34

Nematocysts are

A) reproductive cells.
B) excretory organs.
C) sets of muscle cells.
D) circulatory cells.
E) defensive cells.

Question 35

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of a(n)

A) cnidarian
B) roundworm
C) echinoderm
D) corals
E) flatworm

Question 36

Which of the following organisms is not an arachnid?

A) spider
B) scorpion
C) tick
D) ant
E) mite

Question 37

Sponges are

A) herbivores.
B) filter feeders.
C) scavengers.
D) predators.
E) carnivores.

Question 38

Which of the following organisms have an exoskeleton?

A) annelids
B) arthropods
C) cnidarians
D) roundworms
E) flatworms

Question 39

Which of the following is TRUE of insects?

A) Insects have a head with a single pair of antennae.
B) All insects have three pair of legs that are attached to their thorax.
C) Insects include hymenopterans.
D) Insects play a key role in the reproduction of angiosperms.
E) All of these are true.

Question 40

Snails are examples of

A) cephalopods.
B) pseudopods
C) monopods.
D) gastropods.
E) polypods.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT the description of a human disease caused by roundworms?

A) lymph vessels permanently destroyed causing elephant-like legs
B) causal agent lives in rectum; females lay eggs in skin around the anus
C) infection results from eating uncooked pork
D) intestinal blockage disease affecting more than a billion people
E) all of these are human diseases caused by roundworms

Question 42

What function does a clitellum serve?

A) anchoring an animal to its substrate
B) digestion
C) cushions organs
D) glues two organisms together for sperm exchange
E) keeps blood from clotting

Question 43

This animal has spicules,digests its food in collar cells,and is a hermaphrodite.This animal is ___.

A) a sea anemone
B) a sponge
C) an earthworm
D) a clam
E) more than one of these

Question 44

Which of the following functions does an arthropod's exoskeleton serve?

A) protection from predators
B) attachment points for muscles
C) water conservation
D) body weight support
E) it serves all of these functions

Question 45

A water-vascular system that operates the tube feet is characteristic of the

A) arthropods.
B) annelids.
C) chordates.
D) mollusks.
E) echinoderms.

Question 46

This animal is acoelomate,has a gastrovascular cavity,and light-detecting eyespots.This animal is ___.

A) a planarian
B) a tapeworm
C) an earthworm
D) a fluke
E) more than one of these

Question 47

The tube feet of sea stars are used primarily for

A) excretion of excess water.
B) locomotion.
C) reproduction.
D) circulation.
E) sensation.

Question 48

This animal is radially symmetric,has nematocysts,and cnidocytes.This animal is ___.

A) a jellyfish
B) an earthworm
C) a sea anemone
D) a sponge
E) more than one of these

Question 49

Reef-building polyps get their sugars from mutualistic

A) green algae.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) euglenoids.
E) planarians.

Question 50

The cause of schistosomiasis is a ___.

A) fluke
B) tapeworm
C) planarian
D) leech
E) roundworm

Question 51

Which of the following is a polyp?

A) sea anemone
B) jellyfish
C) earthworm
D) clam
E) more than one of these

Question 52

This animal is acoelomate,hermaphroditic,and adds new segments to its body as it grows.This animal is ___.

A) a planarian
B) a tapeworm
C) a fluke
D) an earthworm
E) more than one of these

Question 53

This animal has tentacles,beaklike mouth parts,and a radula.This animal is ___.

A) a squid
B) a nautilus
C) a clam
D) an earthworm
E) more than one of these

Question 54

This animal has a coelom,a closed circulatory system,and a clitellum.This animal is ___.

A) an earthworm
B) a leech
C) a roundworm
D) a planarian
E) more than one of these

Question 55

This animal has amoeba-like cells that distribute food from collar cells to other body cells.This animal is ___.

A) a sea anemone
B) a sponge
C) a flatworm
D) an earthworm
E) a roundworm

Question 56

This animal has jointed legs,a complete digestive system,and an open circulatory system.This animal is ___.

A) a centipede
B) a butterfly
C) a horseshoe crab
D) a spider
E) all of these

Question 57

This animal has a small coelom,soft unsegmented body,and a radula.This animal is ___.

A) a slug
B) a leech
C) a scallop
D) an earthworm
E) more than one of these

Question 58

The smartest of all invertebrates is the

A) octopus.
B) squid.
C) slug.
D) ant.
E) crab.

Question 59

This animal has a small coelom,soft body,a hinged two-part shell,and no distinct head.This animal is ___.

A) a clam
B) a slug
C) an octopus
D) a planarian
E) more than one of these

Question 60

This animal has a pseudocoelom,is unsegmented,a cuticle,and no circulatory system.This animal is ___.

A) a roundworm
B) an earthworm
C) a flatworm
D) a leech
E) more than one of these

Question 61

All arthropod bodies consist of all of the following except

A) a head.
B) a thorax.
C) an abdomen.
D) a tail.
E) more than one of these.

Question 62

This arthropod has four pairs of walking legs,no antennae,and is venomous.This arthropod is ___.

A) a scorpion
B) a tick
C) a barnacle
D) a bee
E) more than one of these

Question 63

This arthropod is the vector for Lyme disease.

A) spider
B) tick
C) wasp
D) mosquito
E) mites

Question 64

A mite is most closely related to which of the following?

A) ants
B) spiders
C) isopods
D) leeches
E) flukes

Question 65

Most tunicate adults are

A) herbivores.
B) photoautotrophs.
C) carnivores.
D) scavengers.
E) filter feeders.

Question 66

This arthropod has a single pair of antennae,three pairs of legs,and a chitin cuticle.This arthropod is ___.

A) a crab
B) a tick
C) an isopod
D) an ant
E) more than one of these

Question 67

After the evolution of the vertebral column,what is the correct order of vertebrate innovations as they appear in time?

A) jaws>>>lungs>>>paired limbs>>>amniote egg
B) jaws>>>paired limbs>>>lungs>>>amniote egg
C) paired limbs>>>lungs>>> jaws>>>amniote egg
D) amniote egg>>>jaws>>>lungs>>>paired limbs
E) jaws>>>paired limbs>>>amniote egg>>>lungs

Question 68

Unlike fish,lancelets as a adults do not have

A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
B) gill slits.
C) a brain.
D) a tail extending beyond the anus.
E) more than one of these.

Question 69

This animal as an adult has radial symmetry,an internal skeleton,fluid-filled feet,and is a deuterostome.This animal is ___.

A) a sea star
B) a jellyfish
C) a slug
D) an isopod
E) more than one of these

Question 70

This arthropod has two pairs of antennae,are a few centimeters long and are food for blue whales.This arthropod is ___.

A) an isopod
B) a barnacle
C) a shrimp
D) a krill
E) more than one of these

Question 71

A horseshoe crab uses its long extended spine for what purpose?

A) defending its territory
B) digging for clams
C) fighting for mates
D) protection from predators
E) flipping itself right side up

Question 72

The vertebral column develops from

A) the notochord.
B) the hollow, dorsal nerve cord.
C) the gill slits.
D) the tail.
E) more than one of these.

Question 73

Which of the following invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?

A) lancelets
B) tunicates
C) sea stars
D) earthworms
E) leeches

Question 74

Of the following invertebrate groups,the group most closely related to the chordates is the

A) annelids
B) mollusks
C) crustaceans
D) echinoderms
E) cnidarians

Question 75

Which of the following describe both tunicates and lancelets?

A) invertebrates
B) chordates
C) gill slits
D) notochords in the larvae
E) all of these describe both tunicates and lancelets

Question 76

This arthropod is a filter feeder,a hermaphrodite,and the only arthropod that secretes an external shell.This arthropod is ___.

A) an isopod
B) a barnacle
C) a centipede
D) a krill
E) more than one of these

Question 77

As an adult,which of the following typical chordate embryonic traits do adult tunicates retain?

A) hollow, dorsal nerve cord
B) notochord
C) gill slits
D) tail extending beyond anus
E) more than one of these

Question 78

The notochord is most closely associated with the

A) nervous system.
B) digestive system.
C) skeletal system.
D) urinary system.
E) reproductive system.

Question 79

Horseshoe crabs have lived in the earth's oceans for ___ years.

A) about 4 thousand
B) close to 400 thousand
C) less than 40 million
D) over 400 million
E) over 4 billion

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a defining trait found in chordate embryos?

A) notochord
B) dorsal, hollow nerve chord
C) gill slits
D) muscular tail
E) limb buds