Deck 2: Diversity in Organisations

Question 1

Which of the following statements is a correct example of surface-level diversity?

A)Bill and Lisa are male and female,with differing educational experience and communications skills.As they work together,they discover that they have far more differences than similarities in personality.
B)Bill and Lisa appear to have nothing in common at first,but as they get to know one another,they share many similarities in personality,outlook,work ethic and values.
C)Bill and Lisa appear to have a great deal in common,and their similarities in ethnicity and age developed into a close working relationship in their time with the company.
D)Bill and Lisa cannot stand each other.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Indigenous people in Australia:

A)have a workforce participation rate of 20 per cent more than non-Indigenous people.
B)are 20 per cent less likely to be participating in the workforce than non-Indigenous people.
C)outperform their non-Indigenous counterparts by 20 per cent in terms of productivity.
D)underperform compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts by 20 per cent in terms of productivity.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements best defines stereotyping?

A)Judging a person based on our interpretation of the group that a person belongs to.
B)Making an assessment about someone using objective facts.
C)Judging a person about someone using an objective
D)Awarding someone a promotion based on race or ethnicity,rather than merit.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Forms of discrimination in the workplace can include:

A)incivility.
B)inclusiveness.
C)the elimination of stereotype threat.
D)objective enforcement of company policy.

Question 5

The Australian workforce has:

A)become more diverse as time has passed.
B)become less diverse as time has passed.
C)stayed the same in terms of diversity.
D)become far more resistant to change due to globalisation than other developed countries.

Question 6

It is possible for discrimination to be all of the following EXCEPT:

A)overt.
B)covert.
C)intentional.
D)useful in all circumstances.

Question 7

Many different forms of discrimination take place in organisations,such as:

A)protective policies toward whistleblowers.
B)organisational norms emphasising the self-worth of each employee.
C)employee intimidation.
D)company policies that promote inclusivity.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is a correct example of deep-level diversity?

A)John and Ian graduated from the same university,were involved in the same extracurricular activities and carried a tight-knit friendship into the workplace where they have worked harmoniously ever since.
B)John and Ian are two single,male university graduates from Adelaide who are polar opposites in terms of personality.However,as they work together,they discover a great deal of similarities in terms of their work preferences and style.
C)John and Ian are two single,male university graduates from Adelaide who became best friends,but do not work for the same corporation.
D)John and Ian are both male and single.After they work together for a period of time they discover that their work habits are polar opposites.

Question 9

The workforce participation rate for women in Australia has risen over the past 30 years.What is their current workforce reality?

A)Women are encountering few barriers to acquiring flexible work.
B)Women are experiencing greater mobility because they make up over 40 per cent of company directors.
C)Women are still finding it hard to gain access to quality,well-paid work.
D)Women are enjoying pay comparable to men because of the elimination of the gender pay gap.

Question 10

All of the following organisational changes can be successful in reducing stereotype threat EXCEPT:

A)creating a hypercompetitive work environment,utilising subjective assessments of individual employees.
B)organisational policies that value all employees equally.
C)eliminating preferential treatment.
D)openly protecting racial and ethnic minorities from discrimination.

Question 11

Australia's workforce is considered to be ethnically diverse because:

A)more than one fifth of workers were born overseas.
B)of the removal of all barriers preventing non-Indigenous people from entering the workplace.
C)the total number of young people entering the workforce exceeds the total number of older workers.
D)the number of workers over 55 has decreased drastically.

Question 12

Among other things,one way stereotype threat can affect the workplace is:

A)test results showing better-than-average scores.
B)increased engagement with colleagues in a workplace. increased performance by employees who work harder to avoid being stereotyped.
C)affected employees having less-than-ideal interactions with others.
D)decreased workplace performance by those affected by it.

Question 13

Deep-level diversity is defined as:

A)differences in easily perceived characteristics,such as gender,race,ethnicity,age or disability,that may activate certain stereotypes.
B)differences in values,personality and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better.
C)making judgments about individuals based on stereotypes regarding their demographic group.
D)none of the above.

Question 14

Older workers being targeted for redundancies because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits and women being assigned to marginal job roles that don't lead to promotion are both examples of:

A)exclusion.
B)deep-level diversity.
C)discrimination.
D)none of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity?

A)Surface-level diversity involves differences that are readily seen in people,whereas deep-level diversity involves differences that people only see as familiarity increases.
B)Surface-level diversity involves differences in values,personality and work preferences,while deep-level diversity involves differences in easily perceived characteristics.
C)Both types of diversity reflect forms of discrimination.
D)Neither form of diversity is a positive phenomenon for any workplace.

Question 16

When people feel stereotype threat,they are likely to do any of the following EXCEPT:

A)unconsciously exaggerating the stereotype.
B)utterly rejecting the stereotype that they are being subjected to loudly and forcefully.
C)engaging in self-handicapping.
D)performing poorly in the workplace.

Question 17

Stereotype threat:

A)describes the degree to which we disagree internally with the generally negative stereotyped perceptions of our groups.
B)only happens when an individual is a minority among other people.
C)explains how much we agree,deep down,with how others may negatively perceive us based on our groups.
D)is perpetrated the most among millennials,because they are among the most homogeneous people in human history.

Question 18

Discrimination is:

A)noting a difference between things,and in the workplace is always necessary in all circumstances.
B)never acceptable behaviour in the workplace.
C)not bad behaviour,especially when judgements based on stereotypes are made about individuals.
D)noting a difference between things;unfair discrimination makes judgements based on stereotypes.

Question 19

The type of discrimination defined as 'disrespectful treatment',including behaving in an aggressive manner,interrupting the person or ignoring his or her opinions,is the discrimination known as:

A)incivility.
B)exclusion.
C)intimidation.
D)mockery and insults.

Question 20

In many developed countries,________.

A)laws prohibiting employment discrimination have a 100 per cent effectiveness rate
B)cases of employment discrimination are oftentimes not reported to authorities
C)many corporations have written employment discrimination into their corporate policies
D)corporations always choose to settle employment discrimination cases in the courts,rather than by adopting proactive anti-discrimination policies

Question 21

In general,LGBTIQ+ employees in Australia,according to recent research,

A)are extremely comfortable disclosing their sexual orientation and/or gender identity to others.
B)have endured verbal abuse,but only in isolated circumstances.
C)feel more discriminated against than not.
D)have suffered physical violence,but those who have not far outnumber those who have.

Question 22

Studies indicate that employees with more seniority are generally ________ than newer employees..

A)absent less
B)less satisfied
C)absent more
D)less productive

Question 23

An organisation seeking to be sensitive to the cultural identities of its employees should:

A)play each recognised cultural group against one another for maximum profit and minimal cost.
B)focus on an individualised approach.
C)cater to the needs of the majority group,in order to let them manage affairs with the organisation.
D)strive to eliminate all differences that might disrupt the harmony of the organisation's top leaders.

Question 24

Ethnicity differs from race because ethnicity groups people based on their:

A)biological heritage.
B)biological heritage and origin.
C)speech,history or culture.
D)dominant genetic information.

Question 25

When it comes to LGBTIQ+ employees who have not revealed their sexual orientation or gender identity to their organisation,

A)they were 45 per cent less likely to be satisfied with their job.
B)almost half were likely to be looking for other job opportunities.
C)the vast majority feel extremely supported by their organisations whether they have revealed or not.
D)they are very few in number.

Question 26

There is a _________relationship between organisational tenure and job performance.

A)negative
B)positive
C)inverse
D)inconsistent

Question 27

The full acceptance and accommodation of LGBTIQ+ employees:

A)has been successfully accomplished in Australia.
B)has actually experienced a regressive trend.
C)is a nonissue,since full inclusiveness happened years ago.
D)is being dealt with through the lawmaking process as well as proactively by certain organisations.

Question 28

Religious and non-religious people:

A)have gotten along splendidly in Australia.
B)have often experienced conflict.
C)are at peace with one another,courtesy of Australian legislation that prohibits religious discrimination.
D)have not experienced significant employment discrimination in Australia.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about religious discrimination in Australia is incorrect?

A)It is defined as a lack of equality in employment opportunities because of religion.
B)It includes being refused a job as well as being harassed at work because of religion.
C)What to do about religious discrimination is still being debated.
D)Under Commonwealth law,it is illegal to discriminate based on religion itself.

Question 30

Cultural identity is defined:

A)in the exact same manner as racial identity-in fact,the two are synonymous.
B)in the same way that ethnicity is.
C)as a link with a culture of family ancestry or youth.
D)not at all by organisations interested in eliminating such differences.

Question 31

Studies have shown that all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

A)Men tend to be better at problem-solving and analytical skills than women.
B)Few,if any,differences exist between men and women in terms of effective job performance.
C)Women are more willing to conform to authority than men.
D)Men are more likely than women to have expectations of success.

Question 32

The biographical characteristic that will grow in importance during the next decade is:

A)length of service.
B)gender.
C)marital status.
D)age.

Question 33

Which of the following statements concerning seniority is FALSE?

A)Seniority does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity.
B)Seniority is a potent variable in explaining turnover.
C)The most recent evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between seniority and job productivity.
D)Seniority and satisfaction are positively related.

Question 34

Which of the following was NOT identified in research done on race?

A)In employment settings,there is a tendency for individuals to favour colleagues of their own race in performance evaluations,promotion decisions and pay raises.
B)There are substantial racial differences in attitudes towards affirmative action,with minority races improving such programs to a greater degree than the majority group.
C)While race is a factor in pay and work discrimination,it is rarely considered in personnel selection decisions and performance evaluations.
D)Minority races generally fare worse than the majority in employment decisions.

Question 35

A recent study revealed that United States professors believe female undergraduate students were less confident than their male counterparts with the same achievements.This belief was attributable to:

A)female students being awarded achievements they do not deserve.
B)gender role stereotypes.
C)age stereotypes.
D)gender role and age stereotypes.

Question 36

Your division employs people with very different biographical characteristics.Gina is 27 years old,single and female.She has been with the company only six months.Robert is 33 years old and married,and has been with the firm since he graduated from university.Jonathan is 63 years old and a widower.He has been with the company for 30 years.Sally is a single mother with four children,and has been working here for five years. Who is the least likely to quit his or her job?

A)Jonathan.
B)Robert.
C)Sally.
D)Gina.

Question 37

In Australia today,perhaps the greatest religious diversity issue revolves around Islam because:

A)it is one of the fastest-growing religions in the country.
B)it has an appeal that is greater than any other religion in the nation.
C)socially alienated individuals tend to gravitate toward Islam and its emphasis on inclusion.
D)it was the first religion in history to specifically disavow racial discrimination.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about tenure is incorrect?

A)There is a strong connection between organisational tenure and job performance.
B)Job tenure demonstrates a week,inconsistent side on employee outcomes,indicating that employees may lose desire for further career advancement.
C)Differences in organisational tenure are more important to job performance for relatively new or inexperienced employees than among those who have been in the job longer.
D)There is a strong correlation between job tenure and employee outcomes.

Question 39

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the relationship between age and job satisfaction?

A)Satisfaction decreases among professionals as they age.
B)Most studies found a negative association between age and satisfaction.
C)There is a U-shaped relationship.
D)Satisfaction increases among non-professionals during middle age.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)In general,older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than younger employees.
B)All older workers have lower rates of avoidable absence than younger employees.
C)The older you get,the more likely you are to quit your job.
D)Older employees have higher rates of unavoidable absence than younger workers,probably due to their poor health.

Question 41

The task managers must fulfil in managing diversity in abilities is to:

A)find where people lack in abilities and train them in these areas to increase performance.
B)mix people into teams where abilities can complement one another.
C)know how people differ and use that knowledge to increase employee performance.
D)all of the above.

Question 42

The ability to use logic to assess the implications of an argument is called:

A)perceptual speed.
B)inductive reasoning.
C)memory.
D)deductive reasoning.

Question 43

The correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction is about:

A)0.8.
B)0.5.
C)0.2.
D)0.0.

Question 44

Brian has just been appointed as Deputy Vice Chancellor of Career Services for a regional university.He has decided to consider the particular dimensions of intellectual ability that each student has to try to place him or her in an appropriate position. One of Brian's students is especially good at problem solving.This individual's ability in this area is termed:

A)deductive reasoning.
B)perceptual speed.
C)inductive reasoning.
D)number aptitude.

Question 45

Transnational corporations looking to increase diversity,according to research,should follow:

A)a tailored approach specific to the needs of the corporation in that particular country.
B)a policy of inclusion specific to the needs of the corporation.
C)an approach that focuses on profitability over any other factors.
D)policies and procedures that seek to change the cultural and legal framework of a given country to match that of the corporation.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about diversity in groups is incorrect?.

A)Whether diverse or homogenous teams are more effective depends on the characteristic of interest.
B)Groups of individuals with different types of expertise in education are more effective than homogenous groups.
C)Diverse individuals will be much more effective if leaders can show how members have a common interest in the group's success.
D)Transactional leaders have been found to be the most effective in managing diverse teams.

Question 47

Organisations expected to increase short-term and long-term international assignments do so for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)to provide technical and managerial skills not available locally.
B)to provide career and leadership development opportunities.
C)to ensure knowledge transfer.
D)to undermine the sovereignty of the host country.

Question 48

Intellectual abilities involve the capacity to do mental activities such as:

A)thinking.
B)reasoning.
C)problem solving.
D)all of the above.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of intellectual ability as discussed in the text?

A)spatial visualisation
B)dynamic strength
C)number aptitude
D)perceptual speed

Question 50

What impact those diversity have on groups?

A)In some cases,diversity in traits can hurt team performance.
B)In general,gender differences do not appear to help or hurt performance.
C)In general,race differences do not appear to help or hurt performance.
D)All of the above.

Question 51

Effective diversity programs include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)teaching managers about the legal framework for equal employment opportunity.
B)teaching managers how a diverse workforce will be better able to serve a diverse market of customers and clients.
C)using one-shot training sessions to keep the focus on the issues.
D)fostering personal development practices.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about diversity in groups is incorrect?

A)Transitional leaders are not effective in managing diverse teams.
B)Homogenous groups are at a disadvantage because they may not have enough individuals with different types of expertise.
C)The characteristic of interest drives effectiveness for diverse teams.
D)Group leaders are most effective when they are able to rally the group around a common interest.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a characteristic of physical ability?

A)appearance
B)strength
C)stamina
D)balance

Question 54

Which of the following statements about diversity in groups is correct?

A)Diversity helps group performance.
B)Diversity hurts group performance.
C)Most contemporary workplaces require extensive group work with a diverse range of people.
D)All of the above.

Question 55

All the following factors can be targeted to ensure that the adjustment process for expatriates working in a different country goes smoothly EXCEPT:

A)promoting a feeling of empowerment.
B)selecting employees motivated to interact with people of other cultures.
C)consistency in relational skills.
D)unwillingness to change.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about attracting,selecting,developing and retaining diverse employees is correct?

A)The selection process is one of the most important places for diversity efforts.
B)Ensuring that hiring is bias-free does appear to work.
C)Where managers use a well-defined protocol for assessing applicant talent and the organisation clearly prioritises non-discrimination policies,qualifications are far more important in determining who gets hired than demographic characteristics.
D)All of the above.

Question 57

As used in the text,the term 'ability':

A)is an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
B)is made up of only intellectual skills.
C)refers to an individual's intellectual skills.
D)is not something that can be defined.

Question 58

Discuss at least four forms of discrimination and give examples of each.

Question 59

Joe is a deckhand on a fishing vessel.To operate some of the older mechanical machinery,he must continuously exert maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time.Joe's type of physical ability is called:

A)static strength.
B)trunk strength.
C)stamina.
D)balance.

Question 60

Research indicates that there are nine basic abilities involved in the performance of physical tests.Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the ability listed?

A)Stamina: the ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time.
B)Balance: the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling you off balance.
C)Dynamic strength: the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly.
D)Dynamic flexibility: the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible.

Question 61

What is the relationship between age and productivity,turnover and job satisfaction?

Question 62

Indigenous people are 20 per cent less likely to be participating in the workforce than non-Indigenous people.

Question 63

Do you think stereotype threat is as pervasive in the workplace as the book asserts,using your own work experience as a guide? Explain.

Question 64

Everyone has strengths and weaknesses in terms of ability that make them relatively superior or inferior to others in performing certain tasks or activities.

Question 65

Discrimination in all its forms is inherently bad for an organisation.

Question 66

There is no real difference between surface-level and deep-level diversity.

Question 67

Of all the methods the text suggests in order to combat workplace discrimination,which seem to be the most realistic in the place you work now (or have worked)? Which is the least realistic? Explain.

Question 68

Recent Australian government legislation makes it easier for a company to enforce mandatory retirement.

Question 69

Why is the relationship between age and job performance likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the next decade?

Question 70

Women who succeed in traditionally male domains are perceived as less likable,more hostile and less desirable as supervisors.

Question 71

Compare the levels of diversity,and explain how people transition from one level to another.

Question 72

Physical abilities are based on factors such as flexibility,balance and stamina.

Question 73

The correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction is quite high.

Question 74

Age and job satisfaction are directly related for professional workers.

Question 75

What are the components required for an effective,comprehensive workforce program that encourages diversity?

Question 76

Demographics mostly reflect deep-level diversity.

Question 77

What is ability? What are the two sets of factors comprising ability and how are each defined?

Question 78

Discuss any differences between men and women as they affect the workplace.

Question 79

Discuss the research findings on race.