Deck 27: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

The use of plants to clean up environmental contaminants is called

A) photosynthesis.
B) phototropism.
C) bioremediation.
D) phytoremediation.
E) none of these.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a eudicot?

A) corn
B) lily
C) dandelion
D) orchid
E) palms

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A cotyledon is which of the following?

A) embryonic root
B) seed cover
C) flower part
D) an embryonic leaf
E) fruit

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sclereids are found in

A) root tips.
B) seed coats.
C) mesophyll cells that produce food.
D) cortex cells that store food.
E) epidermal cells.

Question 5

The shoot system of a plant does NOT include

A) stems.
B) leaves.
C) flowers.
D) roots.
E) more than one of these.

Question 6

Which of the following cells are alive at maturity?

A) sieve tube members
B) vessel members
C) tracheids
D) fibers
E) sclerids

Question 7

A plant tissue has cells that are photosynthetic,have thin cell walls,and are living,dividing cells.This tissue is

A) parenchyma.
B) collenchyma.
C) sclerenchyma.
D) phloem.
E) more than one of these.

Question 8

Approximately how many species of flowering plants are known?

A) 100,000
B) 180,000
C) 260,000
D) 360,000
E) 480,000

Question 9

Parenchyma cells are specialized for all EXCEPT which of the following activities?

A) photosynthesis
B) wound healing
C) conduction of food
D) secretion
E) food storage

Question 10

The cell walls of surface-facing epidermal cells are filled with which of the following to reduce water loss?

A) wax
B) pectin
C) lignin
D) cork
E) periderm

Question 11

If a mutation prevented the formation of lignin,which tissue would be most affected?

A) vascular cambium
B) parenchyma
C) collenchyma
D) sclerenchyma
E) all of these

Question 12

Which among the following substances contaminating the Aberdeen Proving Ground is an organic compound that damages the nervous system,liver,and lungs?

A) lead
B) arsenic
C) dimethyl chloride
D) trichloroethylene
E) more than one of these is the answer

Question 13

Which of the following is true of monocots?

A) They have two cotyledons.
B) The leaf veins are usually netlike.
C) They have pollen grains with three pores.
D) Vascular bundles are distributed throughout ground tissue.
E) They have floral parts in multiples of fours and fives.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be considered strengthening,conducting,or supportive tissue?

A) collenchyma
B) xylem
C) fibers
D) parenchyma
E) sclereids

Question 15

Plant tissue noted for storage,secretion,and regeneration is

A) vascular cambium.
B) parenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) sclerenchyma.
E) none of these.

Question 16

The chewy,stringy supporting strands in celery are which cells?

A) xylem
B) collenchyma
C) phloem
D) sclerenchyma
E) parenchyma

Question 17

Which of the following plants was used as a bioremediator at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds?

A) hemlock
B) poplar trees
C) maple trees
D) sawgrass
E) oak trees

Question 18

The tissue systems of the root and shoot system are classified as

A) ground tissue.
B) dermal tissue.
C) vascular tissue.
D) ground and dermal tissues.
E) ground, dermal, and vascular tissues.

Question 19

Which of these is NOT associated with sclerenchyma?

A) lignin
B) photosynthesis
C) support
D) sclereids
E) fibers

Question 20

A cuticle

A) resists water loss.
B) covers epidermal cells.
C) is a waxy substance.
D) resists attack by microorganisms.
E) has all of these characteristics.

Question 21

Which of the following is in contact with the soil into which it is growing?

A) vascular cylinder
B) apical meristem
C) root cap
D) pericycle
E) outer cortex

Question 22

The gritty feel of a pear is due to ___ cells.

A) collenchyma
B) epidermal
C) fiber
D) sclerid
E) parenchyma

Question 23

Root hairs are the extensions of the

A) apical meristem.
B) epidermal cells.
C) pericycle.
D) vascular bundles.
E) root cap.

Question 24

Perpetually young tissues where cells retain the ability to divide are

A) vascular.
B) meristematic.
C) protective.
D) photosynthetic.
E) all of these.

Question 25

The stalk that supports the individual eudicot leaf is the

A) collenchyma.
B) petiole.
C) node.
D) sclerid.
E) peducle.

Question 26

These dead cells conduct water and minerals and have pits in their cell walls.This cell is

A) a sieve-tube member.
B) a sclerenchyma.
C) a vessel member.
D) a tracheid.
E) more than one of these.

Question 27

Roots are involved in all EXCEPT which of the following activities?

A) support
B) food storage
C) food production
D) anchorage
E) absorption and conduction

Question 28

This simple plant tissue consists of dead cells with thick,lignified cell walls that function in support.This plant tissue is

A) parenchyma.
B) sclerenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) xylem.
E) phloem.

Question 29

Most monocots have numerous ____ roots arising from the stem.

A) adventitious
B) primary
C) fibrous
D) secondary
E) tap

Question 30

If you were to penetrate through the epidermal layer of a root,you would next encounter the

A) xylem.
B) endodermis.
C) cortex.
D) phloem.
E) pith.

Question 31

Which of the following is a plant cell type that is commonly found in and gives support to vascular tissues?

A) sclerids
B) fibers
C) stomata
D) parenchyma
E) collenchyma

Question 32

This simple plant tissue has elongated cells,living cells with unevenly thick cell walls that function in support.This plant tissue is

A) parenchyma.
B) sclerenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) xylem.
E) phloem.

Question 33

Which of the following cells conduct sugars?

A) tracheids
B) vessel members
C) companion cells
D) sieve-tube members
E) more than of these cells conduct sugars

Question 34

The veins of leaves are used for

A) support.
B) identification.
C) transport of water and nutrients.
D) detachment in the autumn.
E) regeneration.

Question 35

Most of an herbaceous plant body consists of

A) ground tissue.
B) phloem.
C) vascular tissue.
D) sclerenchyma.
E) xylem.

Question 36

Stomata

A) are found in the root cells.
B) may be found scattered anywhere throughout the plant.
C) allow the movement of gases into and out of plants.
D) prevent the loss of water from plants.
E) remain open at all times.

Question 37

The main photosynthetic area of a leaf is

A) mesophyll.
B) cortex.
C) phloem.
D) epidermis.
E) all of these.

Question 38

Which of the following plant cells has a companion cell?

A) tracheids
B) vessel members
C) sieve-tube members
D) sclerids
E) fibers

Question 39

The vascular bundles of eudicots separate the ground tissue into two zones.Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of these zones?

A) outermost xylem >>> phloem >>> pith >>> cortex
B) outermost phloem >>> xylem >>> pith >>> cortex
C) outermost cortex >>> phloem >>> xylem >>> pith
D) outermost pith >>> phloem >>> xylem >>> cortex
E) outermost cortex >>> xylem >>> phloem >>> pith

Question 40

The tissue found in the center of a root is

A) xylem.
B) endodermis.
C) cortex.
D) phloem.
E) pith.

Question 41

From the outside to the inside,which is the correct order of tissues in a eudicot root?

A) epidermis>>cortex>>endodermis>>vascular tissue
B) epidermis>>endodermis>>vascular tissue>>cortex
C) endodermis>>cortex>>epidermis>>vascular tissue
D) epidermis>>vascular tissue>>endodermis>>cortex
E) endodermis>>epidermis>>cortex>>vascular tissue

Question 42

What tissue is found within a leaf vein?

A) xylem
B) cortex
C) pith
D) stomata
E) epidermis

Question 43

The movement of water and dissolved solutes from the soil to the vascular cylinder is driven by

A) active transport.
B) osmosis.
C) endocytosis.
D) simple diffusion.
E) more than one of these.

Question 44

In a leaf,where are the most chloroplasts found?

A) the phloem
B) the palisade mesophyll
C) the spongy mesophyll
D) the upper epidermis
E) stomata

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a stolon?

A) they are found on strawberries
B) they have nodes
C) they originate from roots
D) they grow above or below ground
E) more than one of these is NOT a characteristic of a stolon

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true of an apical meristem?

A) the cells are undifferentiated
B) it changes position as the plant increases in size
C) growth from apical meristems is called primary growth
D) it is responsible for the lengthening of the plant
E) all of these are true of apical meristems

Question 47

Stem and root thickening in eudicots is accomplished by ___ and is called ___ growth.

A) lateral meristems--primary
B) lateral meristems--secondary
C) apical meristems--primary
D) apical meristems--secondary
E) apical meristems--lateral

Question 48

Which of the following is also a lateral meristem?

A) cork cambium
B) pericycle
C) cortex
D) apical meristem
E) all of these

Question 49

Endodermis cells of the root secrete a waxy substance on

A) all of their walls.
B) the walls that lead into the xylem.
C) the walls adjacent to the phloem only.
D) walls of the endodermis that touch each other.
E) their chloroplasts.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Xylem conducts water and minerals upward in a plant.
B) Cork cambium and vascular cambium are cells that form lateral meristems.
C) Phloem conducts glucose.
D) Phloem is formed on the inside of vascular cambium, whereas xylem is formed on the outside.
E) All of these are true.

Question 51

Lateral meristems

A) are groups of dividing cells.
B) are responsible for increases in the width of a stem or root.
C) are also called cambia.
D) produce secondary growth only.
E) include all of these characteristics.

Question 52

In a plant bud,where is the apical meristem located?

A) on the terminal end
B) in the center
C) near the bottom
D) on the right side
E) on the left side

Question 53

In an annual tree ring,the wood with large diameter,thin-walled cells is

A) called early wood.
B) heartwood.
C) formed from crushed phloem cells.
D) produced in the winter.
E) called late wood.

Question 54

Annual growth rings are formed in woody stems principally through the activities of the

A) cork cambium.
B) cortex.
C) vascular cambium.
D) apical meristem.
E) endodermis.

Question 55

Which of the following tissues is not found in a eudicot root?

A) xylem
B) pith
C) epidermis
D) cortex
E) all of these tissues are found in a eudicot root

Question 56

In which of the following plants would you NOT find a division of the leaf into distinct layers?

A) wheatgrass
B) honeysuckle vines
C) apple trees
D) dandelions
E) more than one of these

Question 57

What is different about a monocot root as compared to a eudicot root?

A) monocot roots do not take up water -- eudicot roots do
B) monocot roots do not have a vascular system - eudicots roots do
C) mature monocot roots emerge from the stem - mature eudicot roots emerge from the seed
D) monocot roots do not have an endodermis - eudicot roors do have an endodermis
E) monocot roots have hairs - eudicot roots never have hairs

Question 58

How is a stolon distinguished from a root?

A) a stolon has an epidermis-- a root does not
B) a root has a cortex --- a stolon does not
C) a stolon has nodes -- a root does not
D) a root has vascular tissue-- a stolon does not
E) a stolon has an epidermis -- a root does not

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a typical function of a leaf?

A) photosynthesis
B) gas exchange
C) control of water loss
D) absorption of water and minerals
E) all of these are typical functions of leaves

Question 60

The first structure to emerge from a seed is

A) a root.
B) a shoot.
C) a cotyledon.
D) a leaf.
E) a flower.

Question 61

The oxygen needed by plants for metabolism is ultimately derived from

A) aerobic respiration.
B) photosynthesis.
C) anaerobic respiration.
D) the atmosphere.
E) lightning discharges.

Question 62

The water and minerals absorbed by the roots usually first enter the

A) xylem.
B) pith.
C) cortex.
D) root hairs.
E) endodermis.

Question 63

In which of the following ways does a root differ from a shoot?

A) a root only has apical meristems -- a shoot could have both
B) a root lacks an epidermis- a shoot does not lack an epidermis
C) roots lengthen when cells above the apical meristem elongate- in shoots, cell elongation below the apical meristem causes the shoot to lengthen
D) in a root the apical meristem at the tip never changes its position- in shoots the apical meristem does change its position as the stem elongates
E) all of these are differences between roots and shoots

Question 64

From the outside of a tree to its center,which of the following is the correct order of appearance? 1.periderm
2)vascular cambium
3)sapwood
4)seconary phloem
5)cork cambium
6)heartwood

A) 1-2-4-5-6-3
B) 1-5-4-2-3-6
C) 1-4-5-2-6-3
D) 1-3-2-5-4-6
E) 1-2-4-5-3-6

Question 65

Which of the following terms are mismatched?

A) heartwood...non-conduction
B) sapwood...outer wood
C) early wood...small xylem cells
D) tropical trees...no rings
E) none of these terms are mismatched

Question 66

Mycorrhizae are

A) roots.
B) bacteria.
C) fungus roots.
D) isolated plants.
E) small animals found in agricultural soils.

Question 67

In secondary growth of a plant,a(an)___ gives rise to ___ and a(an)___ gives rise to ___.

A) vascular cambium-wood/ cork cambium-periderm
B) cork cambium-wood/apical meristem-periderm
C) apical meristem-wood/apical meristem-periderm
D) vascular cambium-periderm/cork cambium-wood
E) vascular cambium-wood/apical meristem-periderm

Question 68

A macronutrient is needed in amounts above ___ percent of a plant's dry weight.

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 0.5
D) 2
E) 5

Question 69

Which of these is a correct difference between roots and shoots?

A) roots lack a cuticle covering their epidermis-shoots have one
B) roots have a protective cap around their apical meristem-shoots don't have one
C) roots grow down-shoots grow up
D) shoots are photosynthetic-roots are not
E) all of these are differences between roots and shoots

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT part of the bark of a tree?

A) secondary phloem
B) secondary xylem
C) cork cambium
D) periderm
E) more than one of these is NOT part of the bark of a tree

Question 71

Which element is found as a component of amino acids,proteins,chlorophyll,nucleic acids,and coenzymes?

A) nitrogen
B) potassium
C) sulfur
D) phosphorus
E) magnesium

Question 72

Which of the following information can be discerned from tree rings?

A) age of the tree
B) fire history
C) climate history
D) former parasite infestations
E) all of this information can be discerned from tree rings

Question 73

Mycorrhizae

A) increase plant growth.
B) are symbionts.
C) allow a plant to absorb more water.
D) increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.
E) have all of these characteristics.

Question 74

The decomposed,organic matter of soil is

A) sand.
B) clay.
C) humus.
D) silt.
E) loam.

Question 75

Root nodules found on the roots of leguminous plants are involved in supplying which element for the plant?

A) aluminum
B) boron
C) magnesium
D) nitrogen
E) chlorine

Question 76

Which of the following elements is directly obtained by plants from the atmosphere?

A) nitrogen
B) hydrogen
C) carbon
D) phosphorous
E) sulfur

Question 77

Apical meristems in lateral buds can give rise to all of these structures except

A) branches.
B) leaves.
C) flowers.
D) lateral meristems.
E) there is no exception--lateral bud apical meristems can give rise to all of these structures.

Question 78

Plants in general require how many essential elements,both macro and micro,for their growth and survival?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 16
D) 22
E) 28

Question 79

Tissues on either sides of an apical meristem develop into

A) flowers.
B) branches.
C) lateral meristems.
D) leaves.
E) more than one of these.

Question 80

What feature in animals is analagous to plant meristem cells?

A) ectoderm cells
B) a gastrula
C) blastocyst stem cells
D) mesoderm cells
E) none of these are analogous to plant meristem cells