Deck 27: Wartime Growth and Problems

Question 1

The chief private entrepreneur of California's wartime shipbuilding industry was

A)Henry J.Kaiser.
B)Glenn L.Martin.
C)Donald Douglas.
D)T.Claude Ryan.

Answer 1

Henry J.Kaiser.

Question 2

In the Hirabayashi,Korematsu,and Endo cases,the U.S.Supreme Court

A)ordered the closure of the relocation camps.
B)refused to rule on the constitutionality of relocation.
C)ordered a halt to harassment of Japanese Americans.
D)upheld the Japanese evacuation policy.

Answer 2

upheld the Japanese evacuation policy.

Question 3

The head of the Western Defense Command in San Francisco was

A)Owen J.Roberts.
B)John L.DeWitt.
C)Douglas MacArthur.
D)Earl Warren.

Answer 3

John L.DeWitt.

Question 4

The first daily schedule airline passenger service in the United States was established by

A)the Loughead ("Lockheed")brothers.
B)William Boeing.
C)T.Claude Ryan.
D)Donald Douglas.

Question 5

The wartime slogan "Americans All" was adopted by

A)Japanese Americans.
B)African Americans.
C)German Americans.
D)Mexican Americans.

Question 6

The Western Defense Command's order for all Japanese Americans to migrate voluntarily inland was

A)protested by communities in the interior.
B)opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt.
C)overturned by the Supreme Court as a violation of "equal protection" and "due process."
D)all of the above

Question 7

The segregated "Tiger Brigade" was a wartime unit of

A)Filipino Americans.
B)African Americans.
C)Mexican Americans.
D)Korean Americans.

Question 8

At the time,the United States government's evacuation of Japanese Americans was based on the argument of

A)"military necessity."
B)proven Japanese attempts to invade the mainland.
C)consistency with the policy of evacuating Japanese Americans in Hawaii.
D)all of the above

Question 9

The bulk of capital for the wartime shipbuilding industry came from entrepreneur Henry J.Kaiser.

Question 10

The wartime term "Double V" referred to hopes for a

A)victory over the enemy abroad and over racism at home.
B)return to full employment after the victory overseas.
C)retention of women in high-paying positions after the war.
D)doubling of health benefits for defense workers.

Question 11

The African American sailors who refused to return to duty at Port Chicago were

A)denounced as "treasonous cowards" at their court martial.
B)acquitted of mutiny.
C)later granted early retirement with full benefits.
D)shunned by the NAACP.

Question 12

The official history of The United States Army in World War II blamed relocation on

A)the "abysmal incompetence" of Roosevelt's advisors.
B)"formidable pressure" from west coast civilians.
C)the record of Japanese American sabotage and espionage.
D)rival factions within the United States Navy.

Question 13

Profits for California aircraft companies during World War II were

A)limited to the Douglas Company.
B)nearly 60 percent of all manufacturing profits in the state.
C)criticized by many Californians as being excessive.
D)small.

Question 14

At the peak of wartime production,unemployment in California was

A)slightly reduced from the levels of the 1930s.
B)reduced to a rate of about 5 percent.
C)reduced to a rate of 2 percent.
D)eliminated--there was now a labor shortage.

Question 15

At the wartime Kaiser shipyards in Richmond,women made up what proportion of the work force?

A)less than one tenth
B)more than a quarter
C)over half
D)about three quarters

Question 16

The largest single concentration of wartime aircraft production was in

A)Oakland and Richmond.
B)Los Angeles.
C)San Jose
D)the sheltered inland San Joaquin Valley.

Question 17

By the time of America's entry into World War II in 1941,the California economy had already made a major recovery from the great depression.

Question 18

Most of the Japanese Americans evacuated to "relocation centers" were

A)enemy aliens.
B)American citizens.
C)Issei.
D)aliens ineligible for naturalization.

Question 19

The most apparent effect of federal spending during the early 1940s was the

A)wartime expansion of manufacturing.
B)abrupt shrinkage of private industrial production.
C)increase in government-owned manufacturing plants.
D)removal of factories and refineries from the vulnerable coastal zone.

Question 20

Federal spending in California during World War II

A)had little effect on the manufacturing of ships and airplanes.
B)was disproportionately low when compared with other states.
C)raised total personal income to more than three times its pre-war figure.
D)never exceeded $1 billion per year.

Question 21

Most of the military personnel killed by the Port Chicago explosion were African Americans.

Question 22

Assess the social and economic impact of massive federal spending in California during World War II.

Question 23

The Roberts Report was repudiated by General John DeWitt.

Question 24

Mexican Americans enlisted in the armed forces in record numbers during World War II.

Question 25

Identify the long-range factors which led to the "relocation" of Japanese Americans during World War II.Which groups and individuals supported or opposed the policy? What social and constitutional problems were raised by relocation?

Question 26

Compare the wartime expansion of the shipbuilding and aircraft industries in California.Which industry ultimately became a greater factor in the state's economic growth?

Question 27

During World War II California's aircraft industry expanded dramatically.

Question 28

Federal wartime spending in California was disproportionately low when compared with other states.

Question 29

According to the textbook,the argument that Japanese evacuation was based on "military necessity" was,in fact,an untenable argument.

Question 30

One of the principal factors for the location of wartime airframe plants in southern California was the proximity of the international border with Mexico.

Question 31

Based on information in this chapter,describe briefly the experiences of African Americans,Mexican Americans,and Japanese Americans who served in the armed forces during World War II.

Question 32

As a result of World War II,the size and number of military installations in California grew enormously.

Question 33

After the outbreak of World War II,few public officials in California questioned the loyalty of Japanese Americans.