Deck 2: the Global Marketplace and Governments’ Roles

Question 1

Azerbaijan has imports of $1.8 billion and has a favourable balance of trade.This means that Azerbaijan has which of the following?

A) less than $1.8 billion in exports
B) more than $1.8 billion in exports
C) low inflation
D) exactly $1.8 billion in exports

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Bombardier sells trains to European countries.To the European countries,these trains are an example of which of the following?

A) imports
B) countertrades
C) intangibles
D) exports

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In 2009,Argentina exported $25.3 billion and imported products valued at $9 billion.Argentina exhibited which of the following?

A) a positive balance of payment
B) a negative trade deficit
C) a favourable balance of trade
D) a negative balance of trade

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 2009,Albania exported $340 million and imported products valued at $1.5 billion.Albania would exhibit which of the following?

A) a negative balance of trade
B) a negative trade deficit
C) a unfavourable balance of trade
D) a negative balance of payment

Question 5

Canada buys copper from Chile's Escondido copper mine.The copper is used to make wiring for the Canadian telecommunications industry and for many other purposes.For Canada,the copper is an example of which of the following?

A) tariff
B) export
C) embargo
D) import

Question 6

The difference between a country's total payments to other countries and its total receipts from other countries is represented by which of the following?

A) financial surplus
B) financial deficit
C) balance of payments
D) balance of trade

Question 7

Which of the following represents the value of one currency in terms of another?

A) the balance of payments
B) the exchange rate
C) the investment exchange
D) the balance of trade

Question 8

Which of the following represents the total amount of money that flows into and out of a country?

A) the balance of trade
B) the balance of payments
C) the federal deficit
D) the balance of exchange

Question 9

The balance of payments is the summary of a country's financial transactions with another country.Which of the following would you expect to see in such a summary?

A) foreign aid
B) current inflation rate
C) political focus
D) government deficit figures

Question 10

Which of the following are goods and services that are made in one country and sold to other countries?

A) tangibles
B) countertrades
C) exports
D) imports

Question 11

In 2009,Argentina exported $25.3 billion and imported products valued at $9 billion.What does the difference between the dollar value of its exports and imports represent?

A) a positive exchange rate
B) a trade deficit
C) a positive balance of payment
D) a trade surplus

Question 12

A country that exports more goods than it imports is said to exhibit which of the following?

A) a favourable balance of payment
B) a negative trade deficit
C) a favourable balance of trade
D) an unfavourable balance of trade

Question 13

Which of the following are products that are bought from one country for use in another just as Canada buys coffee from Columbia?

A) tariffs
B) tangibles
C) imports
D) exports

Question 14

Which of the following is defined as the difference in value of a country's exports and imports over a period of time?

A) federal deficit
B) federal surplus
C) balance of trade
D) balance of exchange

Question 15

In 2010,Albania exported $340 million and imported products valued at $1.5 billion.What does the difference between the dollar value of its exports and imports represent?

A) its positive exchange rate
B) its positive balance of payment
C) its trade deficit
D) its trade surplus

Question 16

A country that imports more goods than it exports is said to exhibit which of the following?

A) a positive trade surplus
B) an unfavourable balance of trade
C) a favourable balance of trade
D) a positive balance of payment

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by a company that has a global vision?

A) being interested in nothing more complicated than exporting
B) having a very nationalistic view of the world
C) recognizing and reacting to international business opportunities
D) following its competition into foreign markets

Question 18

Romania has imports of $16.7 billion and has an unfavourable balance of trade.This means that Romania has which of the following?

A) less than $16.7 billion in exports
B) exactly $16.7 billion in exports
C) more than $16.7 billion in exports
D) low inflation

Question 19

Imagine you are trying to gather the information needed to calculate the balance of payments for an Eastern European country.To do your calculations,you would need to have information on which of the following?

A) military expenditures to train its forces at home
B) its current inflation rate
C) its corporate tax rates
D) foreign aid the country receives

Question 20

Canadian manufacturers sell automobiles in South Korea.To South Korea,the automobiles represent which of the following?

A) countertrades
B) exports
C) import
D) exchanges

Question 21

A natural barrier that faces Argentina when it sells beef to Siberia is which of the following?

A) exchange controls
B) custom regulations
C) distance
D) government controls

Question 22

Which of the following terms means that prices of currencies vary based upon demand and supply of that currency?

A) variable trade
B) the international trade rate
C) the floating exchange rate
D) variable costs

Question 23

What are the benefits associated with free trade and globalization?

A) higher probability that inflation will arrest economic growth
B) prevents employers from using pay cuts to threaten employees
C) decreased per capita income
D) an open economy that spurs innovation

Question 24

Which of the following is the reduction of a currency's value relative to another currency?

A) deregulation
B) currency levelling
C) devaluation
D) exchange depreciation

Question 25

Why do many people fear trade and globalization?

A) Many fear that free trade and globalization lead to increased productivity.
B) Many fear that an open economy spurs innovations with fresh ideas from abroad.
C) Many fear that trade and globalization will lead to massive job losses.
D) Many fear that trade and globalization will increase per capita income.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes protectionism?

A) It uses artificial barriers to protect home products.
B) It is based on the concept of absolute advantage.
C) It allows people to buy and sell where they please.
D) It prohibits tariffs,embargoes,and import quotas.

Question 27

If a country specializes in goods that it can produce most readily and cheaply and trades those goods for the goods that another country can produce most readily and cheaply,then both countries are exercising which of the following principles?

A) distinctive advantage
B) comparative advantage
C) absolute advantage
D) parallel competencies

Question 28

Which of the following is a protectionist argument that says Canada should use tariffs to keep foreign labour from taking away Canadian jobs?

A) job equity principle
B) statement of job security
C) minimum-job employment agreement
D) job-protection argument

Question 29

A policy of permitting the people of a country to buy and sell where they please,without restrictions,is called which of the following?

A) protectionism
B) free trade
C) premium exchange
D) comparative advantage

Question 30

Which of the following best describes an effect of free trade?

A) It establishes artificial barriers to trade.
B) It allows companies to conduct business without licences.
C) It permits people to buy and sell where they please.
D) It contributes to protectionism.

Question 31

The karakul is a breed of Central Asian sheep that produces curly,glossy wool for the manufacturing of warm hats and coats.Since the breed can be grown only in Central Asia,this region can be said to have which of the following?

A) absolute advantage
B) total advantage
C) advantageous distinction
D) comparative advantage

Question 32

An argument in favour of protective tariffs is the "infant-industry argument." Which of the following statements would reflect that argument?

A) Infant industries should be protected from established foreign competition.
B) Infant industries should be exempt from antitrust laws.
C) Any industry dealing with products for infants should be protected.
D) Infant industries need government loans.

Question 33

When Steve went to Mexico,he found that he could go to his bank and trade his 100 Canadian dollars for 750 Mexican pesos (the nation's currency).This is an example of 7.5 Mexican pesos representing which of the following?

A) the foreign trade rate
B) the balance of payments
C) the international trade rate
D) the exchange rate

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a natural trade barrier?

A) price
B) exchange controls
C) product characteristic
D) distance

Question 35

China imposes a 45 percent tax on the market value of all chickens that are imported from other countries into China.What would be another name for this type of tax?

A) a tariff
B) a quota system
C) a subsidy
D) an embargo

Question 36

Which of the following is a tax levied by a nation on imported goods?

A) an embargo
B) a boycott
C) a premium
D) a tariff

Question 37

Which of the following terms best describes the reduction of value,if,during the past decade,the Canadian dollar's value has been reduced relative to most other world currencies?

A) deregulation
B) re-evaluation
C) comparative disadvantage
D) devaluation

Question 38

Venezuela can grow and sell cut flowers for floral bouquets more easily and more cheaply than most other countries can produce the same flowers.When it comes to flowers,Venezuela has which of the following?

A) comparative advantage
B) advantageous competency
C) absolute advantage
D) total advantage

Question 39

Which of the following is a benefit associated with free trade and globalization?

A) a closed economy
B) increased per capita income
C) declining productivity
D) an increase in the number of better-paying jobs

Question 40

The Caucasus Mountains along the northeastern border of Georgia make it difficult for the nation to trade with other former Soviet republics that are to its north and east.The mountain range acts as which type of barrier or deterrent?

A) a natural blockage
B) a natural embargo
C) a natural trade barrier
D) an infrastructure deterrent

Question 41

Which of the following is best described by the term "preferential tariff"?

A) The tariff applies only to luxury items.
B) The tariff limits the number of products that can be imported from particular countries.
C) Tax is placed on countertrades.
D) Tariff advantages are given to one country over others.

Question 42

Besides tariffs,a government can use a number of other tools to restrict trade.Which of the following is a tool aimed at restricting trade?

A) an embargo
B) a subsidy
C) an export quota
D) a currency exchange control

Question 43

Which of the following is an argument for tariffs that protect domestic businesses and workers?

A) the protection of industries and technology vital to defence preparedness
B) the maintenance of improved quality of products to protect consumers
C) the quota system argument
D) the protection of large,established businesses

Question 44

Which of the following organizations were formed with the original purpose of helping build infrastructure in developing countries and helping relieve the debt burden of these countries?

A) the International Funding Bank
B) the Central Bank
C) the World Bank
D) the Bank of Canada

Question 45

The World Trade Organization (WTO)is best described by which one of the following?

A) It includes all of the countries that signed the Uruguay Round.
B) It is controlled by the United States.
C) It has emerged as the world's most powerful institution for reducing trade barriers and opening markets.
D) It does not yet have an effective dispute settlement procedure but will before the year 2010.

Question 46

Which of the following is an international bank that normally provides short-term loans to countries that are unable to meet their budgetary expenses?

A) the Financial Investment Fund
B) the North Atlantic Trade Bank
C) the International Monetary Fund
D) the World International Federation

Question 47

Nations sometimes form free-trade associations and establish areas where there are few,if any,export and import duties or other regulations that would act as barriers to trade among partners.Which of the following best describes the result of this behaviour?

A) preferred tariff pacts
B) free trade zones
C) interaction zones
D) customary-duty areas

Question 48

Which of the following statements applies most accurately to dumping?

A) Dumping is legal provided that it is government subsidized.
B) Most industrialized nations have passed laws to make dumping illegal.
C) Canada has not been a victim of dumping.
D) Dumping is a form of export quota.

Question 49

The World Bank's emphasis has recently shifted from helping to build the infrastructure of developing countries to which of the following goals?

A) developing new agricultural techniques for developing countries
B) purchasing food for the population of developing countries
C) building highways,schools,and hospitals for developing countries
D) offering loans to help to relieve the debt burden of developing countries

Question 50

By using split-run magazines (modifying the U.S.edition so they contain Canadian ads),U.S.magazine publishers can offer lower rates to advertiser and sell the magazines for less money than Canadian publishers can.According to the CMPA,the U.S.magazine publishers are engaged in which of the following?

A) unloading
B) dumping
C) export pricing
D) add-on pricing

Question 51

In 1997,Russia and Ukraine exported carbon steel plate into Canada at a price much lower than the countries charged for the identical steel in their home markets.Russia and Ukraine were engaged in which of the following activities?

A) add-on pricing
B) dumping
C) unloading
D) export pricing

Question 52

Which of the following agreements dramatically lowered trade barriers worldwide and created the new World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A) Maastricht Treaty
B) Uruguay Round
C) North American Free Trade Agreement
D) Mercosur

Question 53

When South Korea reduces the tariff that Japan (but only Japan)has to pay when it imports cameras into South Korea,which of the following best describes the action?

A) a biased tariff
B) a differential duty
C) a preferential tariff
D) a nontariff

Question 54

Which of the following are laws that require a company earning foreign currency from its exports to sell the foreign currency to a control agency,usually a central bank?

A) currency policies
B) laws of balanced exchange
C) favourable exchange regulations
D) exchange controls

Question 55

Which of the following activities is the least costly and least risky method for selling a product on the global market?

A) licensing
B) exporting
C) franchising
D) contract manufacturing

Question 56

The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations is best described by which of the following?

A) It was the most ambitious global trade agreement ever negotiated.
B) It created the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT).
C) It actually increased tariffs by 10 percent worldwide.
D) It was an agreement to lower trade barriers that existed in the South American countries.

Question 57

Which of the following are limitations on the quantity of certain types of goods that can be imported over a period of time?

A) subsidies
B) embargo levels
C) export quotas
D) import quotas

Question 58

In 1914,the United States prohibited the importation of Mexican avocados even though Mexico is the world's largest producer of the fruit.This prohibition remained in effect until 1996.The ban on importing Mexican avocados is an example of which type of restriction?

A) boycott
B) import quota
C) embargo
D) tariff

Question 59

Which of the following represents the world's largest free-trade zone?

A) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) the North American Free Trade Agreement
C) the European Union
D) the International Monetary Fund

Question 60

Which of the following terms refers to a total prohibition against importing certain products?

A) a boycott
B) a restrictive limit
C) an embargo
D) a tariff

Question 61

Which of the following is described by the fact that Algeria includes 3973 km of railroads,104 000 km of roads,and 54 paved airports?

A) infrastructure
B) natural advantage
C) ethnocentrism
D) cultural environment

Question 62

Which of the following move resources,goods,services,and skills across national boundaries without regard to the country in which they are headquartered?

A) borderless corporations
B) international monopolies
C) cartels
D) multinational corporations

Question 63

Grand Metropolitan,a British company,purchased North American-based Pillsbury Co.in order to expand its product line and the market for its existing consumer products.Metropolitan's purchase was an example of which of the following activities?

A) direct foreign investment
B) an international corporation
C) an international cooperative
D) a limited partnership

Question 64

An enterprise in which two or more firms or investors (including governments)share ownership of a business and its property rights is known as which of the following?

A) a cooperative
B) a joint venture
C) an international partnership
D) a cartel

Question 65

When a French company brings its patents on digital telephone switches,and AT&T provides the marketing know-how to a business relationship,which of the following arrangements is occurring?

A) a joint venture
B) an international partnership
C) an oligopoly
D) a joint cooperative

Question 66

Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda began production of the Premacy SUV in Haikou,China,at a plant it built in the Chinese province and expected to make 20,000 autos in 3 years.Mazda is using which action to engage in global trading?

A) direct foreign investment
B) an international cooperative
C) a limited partnership
D) an international corporation

Question 67

Capital Radio PLC,the United Kingdom's biggest commercial radio firm announced in 2002 that it would cooperate with Walt Disney Co.to create a radio network for children under the age of 16.The company will broadcast to a potential audience of 25 million under the name Capital Disney.This new radio network will be created as the result of which of the following arrangements?

A) an international partnership
B) a joint venture
C) a joint cooperative
D) an oligopoly

Question 68

Which of the following is the sense of national consciousness that boosts the culture and interests of one country over those of all other countries?

A) multinationalism
B) unionism
C) federalism
D) nationalism

Question 69

Pierre Cardin gives technical advice on textile manufacturing to China and in exchange receives silk and cashmere.This is an example of which of the following?

A) counteroffer
B) joint venture
C) countertrade
D) contra-deal

Question 70

The Sara Lee Company sells the Hanes brand of hosiery in North America.The manufacturer of this hosiery brand in Great Britain sells it under the brand name of Pretty Polly.The Sara Lee Company is using which of the following activities to broaden its global marketing base without investing in overseas plants and equipment?

A) contract manufacturing
B) a cooperative agreement
C) a joint venture
D) a licensing agreement

Question 71

Which of the following is a form of trading arrangement in which part or all of the payment for purchased goods or services is in the form of other goods and services?

A) a countertrade
B) a counteroffer
C) a nonfinancial exchange
D) a counteraction

Question 72

One of the difficulties in doing business in France is that often the business must be conducted in French.Therefore,which of the following attitudes appear to be extremely important in France?

A) unionism
B) nationalism
C) federalism
D) multinationalism

Question 73

U.S.plane manufacturer McDonnell-Douglas has authorized Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,a Japanese company,to use its trademarks,patents,and other proprietary knowledge to manufacture F-15 fighter planes.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries pays McDonnell-Douglas.This is an example of which of the following activities?

A) contract manufacturing
B) licensing
C) importing
D) franchising

Question 74

Bribery translates to kuroi kiri (black mist)in Japan,schmiergeld (grease money)in Germany,and baksheesh (tip or gratuity)in the Middle East.This differing way of looking at bribes is descriptive of differences in which of the following?

A) trade regulations
B) nationalistic standards
C) local laws
D) culture

Question 75

A domestic firm may decide to sign an agreement for the production of its goods by an established foreign manufacturer.Such private-label manufacturing by a foreign company is known as which of the following?

A) duplicate labelling
B) franchising
C) international labelling
D) contract manufacturing

Question 76

Active ownership of a foreign company,with direct investors having either a controlling or a large minority interest in the firm,is best described by which of the following activities?

A) an international corporation
B) a limited partnership
C) an international cooperative
D) direct foreign investment

Question 77

Which of the following is part of a nation's infrastructure?

A) its railroads
B) its lakes
C) its rivers
D) its mountain ranges

Question 78

Which of the following concepts best represents a country's set of beliefs,values,and social norms shared by members of society that determines what is socially acceptable?

A) traditions
B) regulations
C) laws
D) culture

Question 79

Spanish customers view toothpaste as a cosmetic while consumers in the Netherlands view it as a necessary part of daily hygiene and use three times as much their Spanish counterparts.This example illustrates the importance of which of the following when marketing this product?

A) cultural differences
B) nationalistic standards
C) local content laws
D) expropriation laws

Question 80

The BC Cherry Growers sells much of its locally grown produce to Taiwan.Which of the following would be the easiest and least expensive way for the growers' association to sell to global markets?

A) licensing
B) importing
C) exporting
D) contract manufacturing