Deck 29: A New Frontier and a Great Society

Question 1

Congress narrowly defeated President Johnson's request in 1964 for authorization to
"take all necessary measures" to prevent further aggression in Vietnam.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Barry Goldwater said, "Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

John
F. Kennedy tried to discourage the Freedom Riders from continuing their protests
because he believed their efforts would embarrass him during his summit meeting with Nikita
Khrushchev.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

From the beginning of his presidency, Kennedy vigorously supported black civil rights.

Question 5

By 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. had become a leading spokesman for "black power."

Question 6

Due to his concerns that he came across as weak during the Vienna Summit with Nikita
Khrushchev, John
F. Kennedy felt a sense of urgency to make America appear tough, which
escalated tensions in Berlin.

Question 7

By the time of the 1960 presidential race, John
F. Kennedy had far more experience in
national politics than did Richard Nixon.

Question 8

Richard Nixon violated the Logan Act in order to aid his campaign for the presidency in 1968.

Question 9

Lyndon
B. Johnson appealed to what he described as the "silent majority" of Americans when
he campaigned for the presidency in 1968.

Question 10

President Johnson was far less adept at handling Congress as President Kennedy had been.

Question 11

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee sought to intensify and expand on the demonstrations inspired by the Greensboro Four.

Question 12

Match each description with the item below.
How did President John
F. Kennedy try to contain communism abroad and pursue civil rights and other social programs at home?

A)was a former Harvard clinical psychology professor who helped spur a revolution in promoting the use of psychedelic drugs
B)was Nixon's secretary of state in 1975 and shared with him a vision of a multipolar world order that was beginning to replace the bipolar cold war
C)wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1962 before going on to found the National Organization for Women (NOW)
D)founded Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and authored the manifesto known as the Port Huron Statement
E)was an army lieutenant who ordered the murder of 347 Vietnamese civilians and was later convicted
F)founded Ms. magazine, the first feminist periodical with a national leadership, and became a prolific writer, fund-raiser, and speaker
G)was one of the organizers of the Weather Underground but later expressed regrets for some of the Weathermen's tendencies
H)was a philosophy major who had participated in the Free Summer in Mississippi and went on to lead the free-speech movement (FSM)
I)was the only person in history to serve as both vice president and president without having ever been elected to those offices
J)emphasized the value of nonviolent mass protest, such as the la huelga, a union strike against corporate grape growers

Question 13

The Freedom Summer volunteers avoided any violent attacks, in contrast to what happened to
the Freedom Riders years earlier.

Question 14

What were President Lyndon
B. Johnson's major war on poverty and Great Society initiatives? How did they impact American society?

Question 15

What issues propelled Richard Nixon to victory in the 1968 presidential election?

Question 16

The Tet offensive undermined the American public's confidence that the United States was
winning the Vietnam War.

Question 17

What were Kennedy's and Johnson's motivations for deepening America's military involvement in the Vietnam War?

Question 18

Kennedy's father played a major role in getting the young president elected, such as by
engineering his public relations campaign and instructing him to focus on image over substance.

Question 19

Match each description with the item below.
What were the strategies and achievements of the civil rights movement in the 1960s? What divisions emerged among its activists?

A)was a former Harvard clinical psychology professor who helped spur a revolution in promoting the use of psychedelic drugs
B)was Nixon's secretary of state in 1975 and shared with him a vision of a multipolar world order that was beginning to replace the bipolar cold war
C)wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1962 before going on to found the National Organization for Women (NOW)
D)founded Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and authored the manifesto known as the Port Huron Statement
E)was an army lieutenant who ordered the murder of 347 Vietnamese civilians and was later convicted
F)founded Ms. magazine, the first feminist periodical with a national leadership, and became a prolific writer, fund-raiser, and speaker
G)was one of the organizers of the Weather Underground but later expressed regrets for some of the Weathermen's tendencies
H)was a philosophy major who had participated in the Free Summer in Mississippi and went on to lead the free-speech movement (FSM)
I)was the only person in history to serve as both vice president and president without having ever been elected to those offices
J)emphasized the value of nonviolent mass protest, such as the la huelga, a union strike against corporate grape growers

Question 20

Johnson's Great Society programs helped reduce the number of people living in poverty,
but did so by providing payments rather than jobs.

Question 21

Which of the following statements accurately describes Malcolm X?

A) He promoted militancy and black nationalism in response to racism.
B) He rose to prominence only to lose all followers after his assassination.
C) He headed the Black Panther party and became active in politics.
D) He supported the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King Jr.
E) He put a violent, false spin on Christianity and took it to extremes.

Question 22

What constructive developments can be attributed to the Black Panthers?

A) They reshaped the American political party system for years to come, as the 1960s saw tight presidential races among the candidates from the Republican, Democrat, and Black Panther parties.
B) They led Martin Luther King Jr. to focus his own attention entirely on the South because he felt they could handle bringing equality to the North and that their message would resonate there.
C) Despite the prejudice they showed individuals based on gender and sexual preference, they collaborated with the FBI to outlaw racism shown toward African Americans in the Deep South.
D) Despite their violent tendencies, they affirmed that the necessary first step for African Americans seeking true equality was first to learn to love oneself and then to love and protect each other.
E) They popularized the idea of nonviolent civil disobedience and merged with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize the March on Washington.

Question 23

President Johnson's first priority on the domestic front was to

A) balance the federal budget.
B) give more power to the states.
C) get Kennedy's legislative program through Congress.
D) raise tax rates to jumpstart the economy.
E) stall Kennedy's civil rights legislation.

Question 24

In what city did police chief "Bull" Connor order officers to unleash their dogs and clubs on civil rights demonstrators?

A) Birmingham, Alabama
B) New Orleans, Louisiana
C) Memphis, Tennessee
D) Charlotte, North Carolina
E) Houston, Texas

Question 25

Which of the following did the Warren court do in its controversial Miranda v. Arizona decision?

A) It required that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights.
B) It made abortion legal.
C) It banned prayer in public schools.
D) It protected job rights for homosexuals.
E) It gave police more power to search without a warrant.

Question 26

Violence erupted in 1962 when James Meredith attempted to integrate

A) the University of Alabama.
B) Louisiana State University.
C) the Georgia Institute of Technology.
D) the University of Mississippi.
E) Texas A&M University.

Question 27

The governor of Alabama who stood in the door to prevent black students from entering, proclaiming "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!" was

A) Strom Thurmond.
B) George Wallace.
C) Harry Bird.
D) Stokely Carmichael.
E) Orville Faubus.

Question 28

Martin Luther King Jr. took which of the following approaches in writing his "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

A) He denounced the actions of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
B) He announced that he was abandoning nonviolent tactics.
C) He expressed intense anger at being locked up.
D) He declared his preference for nonviolent civil disobedience.
E) He showed hatred toward racist whites.

Question 29

What was the main reason the Soviets placed missiles in Cuba?

A) to deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba
B) to initiate a large-scale attack on South America
C) to launch an attack upon the United States
D) to make Castro more dependent upon the Soviets
E) to get Kennedy to grant the Soviets control of West Berlin

Question 30

Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) It outlawed segregation in public facilities on the basis of race, sex, or national origin.
B) It strengthened the Democratic party in the South, allowing for the passage of similar legislation.
C) It had the unintended consequence of making the hiring process more discriminatory.
D) It limited the power of the federal government in terms of enforcing civil rights.
E) It ended racism in the United States, signaling the close of the civil rights movement.

Question 31

Which of the following created the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission?

A) the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965
B) the Area Redevelopment Act of 1961
C) the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965
E) the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

Question 32

By 1966, black leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown were proponents of what they termed

A) passive nonviolence.
B) black communism.
C) massive integration.
D) black capitalism.
E) black power.

Question 33

What was one way in which the televised debate between Kennedy and Nixon was significant?

A) Nixon had been far less prominent than Kennedy in the national conversation, so the debate propelled him to notoriety.
B) Kennedy and Nixon's rapport on screen resulted in their being grouped as running mates on a winning ticket.
C) The debate grew so heated and almost violent that the two parties panicked and considered trying out different candidates.
D) The visual nature of the debate played to Kennedy's strengths, especially as Nixon was sick with a virus.
E) Kennedy proved so successful in the debate that he only felt the need to invest in a small campaign and traveled little.

Question 34

Which of the following statements accurately describes Lyndon Johnson?

A) He, like Kennedy, refused to have extramarital affairs with women.
B) He cared little in regard to civil rights because it would not help him politically.
C) He was humble and had no intention of creating new programs upon taking office.
D) He, like Kennedy, had been born into wealth and privilege.
E) He yearned to be recognized as a transformational leader.

Question 35

What protest tactic did black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, initiate?

A) the sit-in
B) the occupation of campus administration buildings
C) the March on Washington
D) street theater
E) the freedom ride

Question 36

Which of the following was true of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A) It was Kennedy's original idea.
B) It was thoroughly bungled and embarrassed Kennedy.
C) It proved Kennedy's competence in foreign policy.
D) It weakened the Castro regime.
E) It inspired the United States and the Soviet Union to improve relations.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the Cuban missile crisis?

A) It led to a U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba.
B) It showed Kennedy's tendency to back down in a tense confrontation.
C) It marked the end of the cold war.
D) It brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war.
E) It saw the United States destroy some missile sites with precise air strikes.

Question 38

In part because of the Black Power movement, by the mid-1960s, Martin Luther King Jr. had decided to

A) emphasize the need for economic uplift for the black urban poor.
B) adopt much of the rhetoric and tactics of militancy.
C) retire so that younger leaders could move to the forefront.
D) focus on his opposition to the war in Vietnam.
E) declare that the fight for black equality was largely won.

Question 39

What did the events in the neighborhood of Watts reveal about the state of the civil rights movement in 1965?

A) The civil rights movement had taken off to such a degree that racism was now limited to the South, and African Americans who had moved to urban areas enjoyed unprecedented full equality.
B) The civil rights movement had managed to stop the continuation of race riots and relied solely on legal discourse as a means of expressing the needs and demands of African Americans.
C) The civil rights movement was more united than ever, as all African American organizations came under the direct leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. based on the results of an election.
D) The civil rights movement had a long way to go in terms of achieving racial equality; however, it had managed to end all violence perpetrated against African Americans by the Ku Klux Klan.
E) The civil rights movement had begun to fragment, and what came to be called "black power" was competing with the integrationist, nonviolent philosophy of leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 40

Which of the followings statements describes the state of South Vietnam in the early 1960s at the beginning of Kennedy's term?

A) Ngo Dinh Diem's land reforms were undercutting the efforts of Communist insurgents to such a degree that Kennedy felt comfortable withdrawing troops.
B) Kennedy was increasing the number of American military "advisers" there because the Viet Cong had been undermining the government of Ngo Dinh Diem.
C) The United States had begun distancing itself from the conflict in Vietnam because it was seen as unrelated to the cold war, and Kennedy wanted to focus all attention on the Soviets.
D) Ngo Dinh Diem's installation of a representative government brought him the support of the Buddhist majority and ensured that he would remain in power.
E) The French had returned to assist the South Vietnamese and, in return for their military support, reestablished the region as a French colony.

Question 41

What prompted Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

A) a North Vietnamese attack on an American airbase at Pleiku
B) the movement of Chinese troops on the border between China and North Korea
C) evidence that the Soviets were supplying the North Vietnamese with aircrafts and weaponry
D) false reports that the North Vietnamese had fired on two American naval ships
E) the overthrow of the Communist government in North Vietnam

Question 42

In 1968, James Earl Ray assassinated the famed civil rights leader ________ outside of a hotel in Memphis, resulting in rioting in many major American cities.

A) Martin Luther King Jr.
B) Malcolm X
C) John Lewis
D) Diane Nash
E) Medgar Evers

Question 43

Which of the following statements accurately describes an effect of the Tonkin Gulf resolution?

A) Because it was in response to a Viet Cong attack upon an American military base, members of the American military quickly became experts in guerrilla warfare.
B) Because the resolution deeply divided Congress and almost failed to pass, Johnson took great caution and deferred to Congress for other military decisions.
C) Because nearly all senators supported the resolution, Johnson took their approval as reason to use the resolution as a substitute for a declaration of war.
D) Because the resolution authorized American naval aggression off the coast of North Vietnam, the war was soon limited only to a northern front.
E) Because the resolution was an attempt at diplomacy, Johnson began to take steps to de-escalate the Vietnam War and had a certain number of atomic weapons destroyed.

Question 44

In the election of 1968, Richard Nixon appealed to those he described as the ________ of working- and middle- class Americans who viewed protesters of the time with contempt.

A) stalwarts
B) Lost Generation
C) Great Society
D) moral faction
E) silent majority

Question 45

Which of the following statements accurately describes Republican nominee Barry Goldwater during the 1964 campaign?

A) He promised to manage New Deal programs more effectively than Democrats had.
B) He emphasized that his strategy would be to use diplomacy to settle the conflict in Vietnam.
C) He was refreshingly candid, but his call for the wholesale bombing of North Vietnam worried voters.
D) He endorsed Johnson's achievements on civil rights and ushered in a new period of bipartisanship.
E) He represented "moderate Republicanism" in the style of President Dwight Eisenhower.

Question 46

What did President Johnson label his overall program of domestic reform?

A) the True Deal
B) the New Frontier
C) the New Beginning
D) the Great Society
E) the New America

Question 47

Johnson's Medicare program provided medical benefits to

A) the unemployed.
B) all Americans.
C) the elderly.
D) single mothers and their children.
E) the handicapped.

Question 48

In early 1968, what was one result of increasing opposition to the war within Johnson's own party?

A) It only increased Johnson's determination to win in Vietnam.
B) It ultimately led Johnson to opt out of the presidential race.
C) It caused Johnson to lose the presidential election at the last minute.
D) It allowed the war on poverty to officially begin.
E) It caused most Americans to rally around Johnson.

Question 49

By 1968, how did Johnson see his position in relation to the Vietnam War?

A) He believed he was on the verge of a major victory and securing the future of an independent South Vietnam.
B) He felt trapped in that he saw neither a clear path to victory nor a way to withdraw without appearing weak.
C) He largely ignored the war and instead focused on promoting the successes of his domestic social programs.
D) He relied on both the use and threat of nuclear weapons to avoid American casualties that could turn public opinion against the war.
E) He saw it as his duty to admit defeat and began to pull American troops out of combat soon after beginning the war.

Question 50

What was one impact of the Tet offensive?

A) It resulted in Johnson's adoption of a hands-off approach to the war, as he felt confident enough to rely on his military generals to make major decisions.
B) Because it was a major victory for the Viet Cong, Johnson formally agreed to give up on the war and withdraw large numbers of troops.
C) It made most activists fearful enough of losing to call for Johnson to put funds into the war that he would have put toward the war on poverty.
D) It inspired Johnson to run for another term as president so that he could properly finish what he had started.
E) In part due to its scope, intensity, and surprise nature, it decisively turned public opinion against Johnson's war policy.

Question 51

During the election of 1968, candidate George Wallace hoped for what scenario?

A) a clear electoral majority for the American Independent party
B) the split of the Democratic vote between himself and Humphrey
C) the absence of an electoral majority for Humphrey and Nixon, resulting in the election going to the House of Representatives
D) the split of the Republican vote between himself and Nixon
E) the promotion of the idea that there should be a stronger third party presence in American politics

Question 52

Michael Harrington's book The Other America influenced President Johnson to declare war on

A) racism.
B) teen pregnancy.
C) illegal aliens.
D) poverty.
E) drugs.

Question 53

Which of the following complicated American efforts to defeat the Viet Cong in South Vietnam?

A) The Viet Cong had better weapons and technology than the Americans.
B) The number of American troops was small in comparison.
C) The Viet Cong were made up of men and women who blended in among the civilian population.
D) American forces sympathized with nationalist goals of the Viet Cong.
E) The Americans had difficulty coordinating air, land, and sea resources in Vietnam.

Question 54

In retrospect, what was an effect of Johnson's approach to addressing poverty in the United States?

A) It lowered the cost of medical bills due to Medicare's focus on cost incentives for hospitals.
B) It generated middle-class resentment that benefited the Republican party.
C) It kept the United States from devoting sufficient funds to the war in Vietnam.
D) It had practically no effect on poverty levels, beneficial or otherwise.
E) It inadvertently led to an increase in infant mortality and malnutrition.

Question 55

The guerilla fighters in South Vietnam who sought to overthrow the U.S.-backed government were known as

A) the Viet Minh.
B) the Viet Cong.
C) Bolsheviks.
D) the Khmer Rouge.
E) Contras.

Question 56

Which of the following statements accurately describes the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago?

A) It was a gathering during which Nixon was nominated as the party's presidential candidate.
B) The events surrounding it showed the patience of Mayor Daley and the Chicago police.
C) Anti-war protests outside it turned into massive riots following the arrival of police.
D) It demonstrated how quickly the country had moved beyond the Vietnam War.
E) The events surrounding it successfully appealed to the values of "middle America."

Question 57

Which of the following occurred during or as a result of the 1964 election?

A) Republicans continued to make gains in the Deep South, highlighting the region's shift to that party.
B) Republicans made gains in both houses of Congress, stymying Johnson's legislative efforts.
C) Voters approved of Johnson's pledge to escalate the war in Vietnam through atomic weapons.
D) Goldwater lost but did better than expected in one of the closest races in American history.
E) As Johnson correctly predicted, the American people overwhelmingly demanded massive domestic reform.

Question 58

Though Johnson believed the United States had an obligation to keep its promises to South Vietnam, another reason why he committed American forces to combat operations was to

A) "Americanize" the war and avoid the political damage of seeming soft on communism by losing.
B) stimulate the economy by increasing the number of defense contracts and using nuclear weapons.
C) make the political maneuver of distancing himself from "dove" Democrats who called for peace.
D) draw public attention away from his Great Society initiatives, which had failed on a grand scale.
E) conquer North Vietnam so that the entirety of Vietnam would be an American colony.

Question 59

Which of the following statements accurately describes changes in terms of immigration due to the passage of the Hart-Celler Act?

A) The law favored immigration from Europe as compared to other parts of the world.
B) The law, which was supported by both parties, removed quotas based upon national origin.
C) The law removed annual limits on how many immigrants could enter the United States.
D) The law, which was only supported by Democrats, decreased foreign immigration.
E) The law was predominantly designed to increase American access to cheap labor.

Question 60

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

A) Congress passed the law discriminating against African Americans over the opposition of Johnson and Martin Luther King Jr.
B) The law signaled the end of black protest movements, as the primary demand of the civil rights movement had been met.
C) The law ensured all citizens the right to vote, resulting in the dramatic expansion of black votes in the South.
D) The South became more strongly Democratic as a result of the law, for southerners tended to vote for the same party regardless of race.
E) The law was part of the public backlash against Great Society legislation and marked a step back for civil rights.

Question 61

In what ways is the civil rights movement of the 1960s similar to protests and demonstrations
today? In what ways is it different? Were civil rights activists ultimately successful?

Question 62

Match each description with the item below.
James Meredith

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 63

Was the success of the civil rights movement more "top down" (driven by federal authority
and action) or "bottom up" (driven by local and individual action)? Why?

Question 64

Which of the following did Richard Nixon do in order to undermine the Democrats and increase his own chances of winning the election in 1968?

A) He secretly contacted the South Vietnamese government and offered better terms for peace negotiations, hoping to sabotage Johnson's efforts to end the war sooner.
B) He had aides spread confusing information about voter registration in rural communities throughout the South to cut down on the number of overall votes.
C) He hired a private investigator to dig up negative information on Humphrey and accused him of being an adulterer.
D) He promised to repeal the Hart-Celler Act, which had been incredibly unpopular and partisan, as a means of stealing part of Humphrey's base.
E) He hired actors to admit that they had been Communist spies within the Democratic party and sparked a new Red Scare.

Question 65

Match each description with the item below.
Barry Goldwater

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 66

Match each description with the item below.
Robert
F. Kennedy

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 67

Match each description with the item below.
Dean Rusk

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 68

How did the 1960s change the political positions and philosophies of the Democratic and
Republican parties?

Question 69

Match each description with the item below.
Diane Nash

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 70

Compare the philosophies and methods of Martin Luther King Jr. and the leaders of the black
power movement. Which was more successful and why?

Question 71

The year 1968 has been called the most turbulent year of the 1960s. Explain why.

Question 72

Match each description with the item below.
Angela Davis

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 73

Match each description with the item below.
Lyndon Johnson

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 74

How did the cold war change under John
F. Kennedy? Be sure to consider policy as well as
areas of conflict.

Question 75

Richard Nixon's victory in the election of 1968 was made possible by what shift in voting behaviors?

A) African Americans turned on the Johnson administration and predominantly voted Republican.
B) White wage earners from both the North and South were increasingly voting Republican instead of Democrat.
C) Southern whites were increasingly voting Democrat, mainly due to issues surrounding foreign affairs.
D) Young adults failed to turn out to vote, and as a result, liberal candidates experienced a lack of support.
E) Most voters relied on information in television ads, and Nixon focused most of his efforts on a major television ad campaign.

Question 76

To what extent did the year 1964 represent a turning point for American politics and society?

Question 77

How and why did Lyndon Johnson's presidency mark a turning point for American
involvement in Vietnam?

Question 78

Did the Great Society live up to its name? In what ways was it successful and in what ways
was it a failure?

Question 79

Match each description with the item below.
Malcolm X

A)was an openly racist Alabama governor who vowed to protect segregation and later ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket
B)won California's Democratic primary in 1968 but was assassinated that night by Sirhan Sirhan out of resentment for his support of Israel
C)was an African American air force veteran whose efforts to attend a southern university were met with a white mob, resulting in the arrival of National Guard troops
D)was an outspoken activist on racism, sexism, the "prison-industrial complex," gay/lesbian rights, and the Vietnam War
E)wrote the best-selling book The Conscience of a Conservative (1960) and won Arizona in the 1964 presidential race
F)was a Freedom Rider who recruited new members upon hearing about the violence perpetrated toward Freedom Riders in Birmingham
G)was elected vice president under John F. Kennedy in 1960 and later on developed programs that would exceed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal in scope
H)was secretary of state during the Cuban missile crisis and told reporters to say that the Soviets "blinked first"
I)was an American army commander in Vietnam who focused on waging a war of attrition and using overwhelming firepower
J)became a major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement and expressed the emotions and frustrations of the inner-city African American working poor

Question 80

Describe the Warren Court's impact on American life in the 1960s.