Deck 4: From Colonies to States

Question 1

What were the similarities and differences in the way that the British and French Empires administered their colonies before 1763?

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

John Locke's writings offered a powerful justification for revolution in extreme circumstances.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What were the underlying factors in the events of the 1770s that led the colonies to declare their independence from Britain?

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

George Grenville continued the policy of "salutary neglect."

Question 5

The Albany Plan of Union called for an intercolonial assembly or Grand Council with
legislative powers.

Question 6

Describe how after the French and Indian War the British tightened their control over the colonies, and then summarize the colonial responses.

Question 7

Analyze how the French and Indian War changed relations among the European powers in North America.

Question 8

In the Dominion of New England, the new royal government stripped colonists of their civil
rights, strictly enforced the Navigation Acts, and punished smugglers.

Question 9

The Glorious Revolution was an unprecedentedly bloody conflict in terms of battle deaths.

Question 10

During the events of Lexington and Concord, both sides were correct in assuming that
the other would back down, as no shots were actually fired.

Question 11

Although the Seven Years' War has often been called a world war, there was very little
international conflict.

Question 12

Through the first half of the eighteenth century, the power of the colonial assemblies generally declined.

Question 13

By the end of the eighteenth century, France and Great Britain were in decline, with Spain
and the Netherlands fighting over who would come out ahead.

Question 14

Britain's adoption of mercantilist policies set it apart from other European powers of the
seventeenth century.

Question 15

Some colonists believed that rather than to protect them against Native Americans,
British troops were in the colonies mainly to make them more dependent on Britain.

Question 16

One way in which the battle of Moore's Creek Bridge was significant is that it showed the
Revolution would in many ways come to be a civil war, not just a war between the British
and Americans.

Question 17

George Washington's bungled expedition and surrender at Fort Necessity gave France control
of the Ohio Country but also helped trigger a world war.

Question 18

The Gaspée incident involved a British warship that attacked and chased smugglers.

Question 19

One argument offered by British leaders was that the colonists enjoyed virtual
representation-the concept that they were "virtually" represented by members of
Parliament, despite lacking actual representatives.

Question 20

George III was lazy as king and, as a result, caused England to lose much of its power in
the wake of the Seven Years' War.

Question 21

The establishment of the Dominion of New England was an attempt to

A) put an end to Protestant leadership in the colonies due to the religious beliefs of the king.
B) rescind the Navigation Acts in New England while retaining them in the South.
C) withdraw governor Edmond Andros and extend the power of colonial legislatures.
D) increase the authority of the British monarchy by reorganizing the New England colonies.
E) protect and increase the civil rights of the New England colonists through new town governments.

Question 22

Why did the French colonies in North America ultimately fall to the British by 1763?

A) The French failed to create alliances with the Native Americans, missing out on trade opportunities.
B) The French allowed Catholics and Protestants to live in Quebec, leading to irreconcilable conflicts.
C) The French sent so many civilians to settle in Quebec that they quickly ran out of crucial resources.
D) The French population of North America never came close to the number of English colonists.
E) The city of Quebec was indefensible and far too close to New York to maintain boundaries.

Question 23

A "writ of assistance" was

A) a summons that required colonial leaders to return to their former positions in England.
B) a blanket search warrant that did not need to specify a place and aided in catching smugglers.
C) a legal order that guaranteed trial by jury for all accused of crimes in the American colonies.
D) an exchange-rate strategy merchants often used that strongly encouraged smuggling.
E) official permission to unload cargo in a colonial port because of how overcrowded ports were.

Question 24

In which of the following ways were the English colonies in North America different from the colonies of New France and New Spain?

A) In the English colonies, men could vote even if they lacked property of their own, so long as they worked.
B) The English colonies had elected legislative assemblies with the "lower" houses chosen by popular vote.
C) The English colonies relied on the monarchy and Parliament for all legislation, including assemblies' budgets.
D) The English colonies had closer relationships with the Native Americans and frequently intermarried.
E) By the middle of the eighteenth century, the English colonies were no longer self-governing.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the French colonists in North America is accurate?

A) They were very diverse in ethnicity and religion.
B) They established large plantations wherever they settled.
C) They established cooperative relations with the Indians.
D) They had the first elected legislatures.
E) They enjoyed many political rights and freedoms outside the rule of the king.

Question 26

The publishing of the pamphlet Common Sense created a sense of caution among the
colonists, urging them to support the British monarchy for fear of punishment.

Question 27

Why did Cromwell initially create the Navigation Act of 1651?

A) to help the French preserve their empire in North America and thereby earn their support in a war against Spain
B) to remove the requirement that all colonial products be shipped through England and increase the role of other countries in shipping
C) to give the colonies greater control over their own economies and cause them to rely less on England's resources
D) to hurt the Dutch economy because Dutch ships carried English goods to and from America at much cheaper prices
E) to penalize Dutch ships for refusing to carry English goods and thereby to open new avenues of trade with them

Question 28

As royal governor of the Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros

A) was popular in Boston.
B) increased the authority of the Massachusetts assembly.
C) was deposed as a result of the Glorious Revolution.
D) initiated the prosecution of Salem's witches.
E) recognized the Puritan monopoly of religion.

Question 29

Prime Minister Robert Walpole's relaxed policy toward the colonies was based on his belief that the colonies

A) should be allowed to develop a more self-reliant and less expensive form of government on their own.
B) should be allowed to export needed raw materials and import finished goods from the mother country.
C) should increase trade with France and other European countries to help promote peace in North America.
D) should move closer to independence as a means of reducing British taxes spent on colonial defense.
E) would be willing to pay even higher taxes if they were given more freedoms by Parliament.

Question 30

Which of the following concepts was the basis of mercantilism?

A) The government should attempt to maintain tight regulations and laws to create a favorable balance of trade.
B) A hands-off approach to colonial development would lead to economic growth favorable to Britain as well.
C) Encouraging colonists to trade among themselves and avoid shipping goods to Britain and Europe would produce the best economic outcomes.
D) Close relations between British merchants and Native Americans would avoid future conflicts and violence.
E) Close economic ties to Spain would weaken the French presence in North America and thereby result in Britain's dominance.

Question 31

How did the right to vote in the American colonies compare with that in Britain and New France?

A) Because the American colonies had much higher property qualifications than did Britain or New France, the right to vote was greatly restricted in the American colonies.
B) Because the American colonies had a greater diversity of people than Britain or New France, the American colonists extended the right to vote to women and Native Americans.
C) Because property holding was widespread in the American colonies, the right to vote extended to a greater proportion of the male population than Britain, New France, or anywhere else in the world.
D) Because a British royal governor often headed the American colonial governments, the right to vote had the same scope as it did in England but was much broader than in New France.
E) Because the American colonies lacked elected legislatures but New France and Britain each had a variation of an elected assembly, the right to vote in the American colonies was highly limited.

Question 32

After the Restoration, a Royalist Parliament in 1660 passed a new Navigation Act, which

A) required that all international mail have a Royal Mail stamp.
B) gave priority to Dutch traders in the buying and selling of goods from the colonies.
C) made the colony of Massachusetts supply the British Royal Navy vessels with sailors.
D) helped regain the colonists' trust in the British government.
E) specified that certain colonial goods could only be traded to Britain or other British colonies.

Question 33

The French were the first to explore and build forts and outposts in the Great Lakes region. What advantage did this give them as they vied with Britain for control of North America?

A) It meant that the French would have control of such a large swath of land that they would not need to regularly interact with Native Americans.
B) It allowed them to be the first Europeans to have control over Texas, as the Mississippi River connects to the Gulf of Mexico.
C) It gave French explorers access to the Mississippi watershed and the vast heartland of the continent and its fur trade.
D) It allowed the French to mine gold in the region of modern Iowa, which allowed them to surpass the Spanish in the trade of gold and silver.
E) It was of little consequence because the lakes and rivers were unnavigable to boats during this period.

Question 34

John Locke's contract theory of government argued that

A) men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property.
B) governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights.
C) kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper.
D) the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote.
E) the government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations.

Question 35

What was one reason why the series of four major wars, beginning with King Williams War in 1689, were significant?

A) They would result in far less of an emphasis on international commerce, as neglected domestic concerns rose in importance and demanded the attention of rulers.
B) They centered on the fierce struggle for supremacy between the Spanish and British, which would continue well into the late eighteenth century.
C) They reshaped the relationship between America and Britain, as Britain felt new pressure to use the colonies to help support the now-dominant British Empire.
D) They were the first succession of wars fought on North American soil alone rather than across the Atlantic Ox.
E) They reinforced the long held balance of power in Europe, making it clear Britain was far from becoming the dominant power.

Question 36

William and Mary allowed the New England colonies to revert to the status they had had prior to the Restoration except for Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth. These two colonies were
Combined into the Royal Colony of Massachusetts Bay. What other major change did they
Enforce on the colony?

A) They placed the colony under jurisdiction of an absolute monarchy in England rather than a constitutional monarchy.
B) They put James II in charge of the colony out of fear that the bloodshed of the Glorious Revolution would extend to the colonies.
C) They granted Native Americans citizenship to help increase the control the colonies had over resources.
D) They appointed a royal governor who had veto power over the colonial assembly to crack down on the colony's rebelliousness.
E) They required that voters in elections must be church members due to the royal family's newfound support for Catholicism.

Question 37

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson criticized George III for perpetuating
the African slave trade, but southern representatives insisted on removing this criticism.

Question 38

The Spanish colonies in North America failed, in part, because

A) the Spanish focused on searching for gold and silver rather than expanding the population and economy of their settlements.
B) the region had a much larger native population than did the population in Central and South America.
C) the Spanish cared little about converting the Native Americans to Catholicism and, thus, lacked the sort of alliances Native Americans had with the English.
D) Spanish administrators focused too much on growing their economy and not enough on basic survival.
E) they were under constant attack by the French and English, the colonies of which had been established at a far more rapid pace.

Question 39

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Navigation Act of 1651?

A) It was contrary to mercantilist principles.
B) It required all goods imported into Britain or the colonies to be shipped in British vessels.
C) It was mainly an attempt to wrest the colonial trade from the French.
D) It was a free trade agreement between England and Holland.
E) It was repealed once Oliver Cromwell came to power in England.

Question 40

Which of the following occurred during the period of salutary neglect?

A) The British government took less of a role in governing the American colonies.
B) New and efficient trade regulations were introduced.
C) William and Mary ruled Britain.
D) A new trade board, the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, was introduced.
E) Americans developed a powerful desire for independence.

Question 41

The war that erupted between the French and the British in North America in 1754

A) ended inconclusively as armies rushed back to Europe to offer support at home.
B) eventually spread across the globe to encompass battlefields on four continents.
C) led to a British defeat and loss of large portions of the British Empire.
D) sparked a massive peace protest in London that almost caused the British to back out.
E) failed to earn the British the monetary support of colonial legislatures.

Question 42

One of the chief objectives of policy under George Grenville was to

A) continue the practice of "salutary neglect" in the colonies.
B) require jury trials for American smugglers and other forms of due process.
C) challenge the authority of the king by more laxly enforcing laws.
D) reduce Britain's enormous debt after the French and Indian War.
E) give colonial assemblies more power, especially in regard to taxes.

Question 43

At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi

A) went to Spain.
B) went to Britain.
C) remained French.
D) became independent.
E) became the creole state of New France.

Question 44

In the South, British troops and colonial militia fought the

A) Iroquois.
B) Cherokees.
C) Shawnees.
D) Hurons.
E) Creeks.

Question 45

At the Great Meadows, in 1754, a force of Virginia provincial soldiers faced the French and Native Americans. The outcome was

A) the establishment of Fort Necessity as an impenetrable British stronghold.
B) a disaster for a young George Washington who was forced to surrender.
C) a devastating defeat for the Native Americans who suffered massive casualties.
D) a British victory that led to the conquest of the Ohio Country.
E) inconclusive, as both sides withdrew from the battlefield.

Question 46

Pontiac's Rebellion was in response to

A) French attacks on Native American villages in the west.
B) Spanish insistence that Native Americans only trade with them.
C) shock that Native American lands in the west were ceded to the British.
D) Dutch atrocities committed in New York.
E) a flood of cheap British trade goods into Native American territory.

Question 47

What was the purpose of the Currency Act of 1764?

A) It prohibited the colonies from coining or printing their own money.
B) It gave the colonies a greater say in their own economies.
C) It was designed to ease the shortage of hard money in the colonies.
D) It said that lenders had to accept paper money in payment of debts.
E) It changed the name of the basic monetary unit to "dollar" from "pound."

Question 48

The British triumph in the French and Indian War found Americans

A) very nervous about their own future.
B) compassionate toward the French.
C) jealous of British military power.
D) quick to turn their anger on the king.
E) eager to celebrate as joyously as Londoners.

Question 49

The result of General Edward Braddock's effort to capture Fort Duquesne was

A) a devastating ambush and defeat for the British.
B) a conventional European-style battle.
C) a prolonged and successful siege by the British.
D) Braddock's promotion to governor of Virginia.
E) French withdrawal from the Ohio Valley.

Question 50

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Paxton Boys in Pennsylvania?

A) They killed and threatened peaceful Indians.
B) They employed mob violence against British officials.
C) They used vigilante justice against local criminals.
D) They demanded that the governor reduce taxes.
E) They tended to support British policy.

Question 51

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?

A) It legalized trade with the French West Indies.
B) It was intended to generate revenue from the colonies.
C) It doubled the existing tax on molasses to benefit the colonies.
D) It predominantly aimed to reduce rum drinking in the colonies.
E) It taxed sugar refined in the colonies.

Question 52

As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which of the following did Britain acquire from Spain?

A) Florida
B) New Orleans
C) Mexico
D) Cuba
E) California

Question 53

Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate?

A) It required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents.
B) The colonial assemblies approved it.
C) It directly affected only a few Americans.
D) It soothed American fears of standing armies.
E) Most colonies apart from Massachusetts supported it.

Question 54

Many colonists viewed the Royal Proclamation of 1763 as

A) the cause of Pontiac's Rebellion.
B) a means of creating peace between England and France.
C) an attempt by Parliament to tax the colonies.
D) a modest attempt by Parliament to lower taxes on the colonies.
E) a temporary barrier to American settlement west of the Appalachians.

Question 55

At the Albany Congress in 1754, Benjamin Franklin and delegates from seven colonies crafted a Plan of Union. Which of the following statements accurately describes this plan?

A) It was quickly implemented by all eleven colonies.
B) It led to the creation of an American Army under colonial control to fight the French.
C) It sought to create a united colonial government.
D) It rejected the idea of seeking Native American allies against the French.
E) It called on the French and the English to negotiate a peace settlement.

Question 56

The Quartering Act required Americans to

A) do military service.
B) surrender their weapons.
C) pay higher taxes.
D) be loyal to England.
E) house and feed British soldiers.

Question 57

Which of the following was an unexpected result of the end of the French and Indian War?

A) American development suffered in the long run because potential new European colonists were too afraid that another armed conflict would arise in North America to risk immigrating.
B) Cities such as Baltimore and Charleston were largely abandoned due to the destruction of the war and the widespread preference of the colonists to move west of the Proclamation Line.
C) Indentured servitude in the American colonies quickly came to an end and was replaced with the African slave trade because the majority of indentured servants had been from France.
D) Because the French were no longer a threat, many people became more comfortable trying out living in the wilderness; as a result, the number of European immigrants to the colonies rose.
E) Disruptions in trade resulting from the war caused African slave traders to drastically shift their focus to transporting enslaved peoples to Britain rather than to the American colonies.

Question 58

The French and Indian War was triggered by

A) conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley.
B) religious tension between French Catholics and English Protestants.
C) the expansionist policies of Louis XIV, leading to millions of French colonists.
D) French anger over English restrictions on trade and shipping.
E) the desire of both sides to pull their economies out of depression.

Question 59

The colonial wars had a devastating effect on the people in the colonies, but according to the textbook, until 1756 the conflicts in North America

A) were most influential in shaping European politics.
B) had lacked any Native American involvement.
C) were primarily between the French and Spanish.
D) had almost no effect on Massachusetts in particular.
E) were mere sideshows compared to warfare in Europe.

Question 60

During Pontiac's Rebellion the Native Americans

A) failed to unify different tribes and mostly turned on one another.
B) captured and maintained control of Philadelphia.
C) ceded portions of Maryland to France.
D) initially managed to conquer most of the British forts on the frontier.
E) called on Spain to cede Texas to Britain.

Question 61

The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to

A) punish Boston for the Tea Party.
B) arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty.
C) abolish the colonial assemblies.
D) outlaw any public criticism of British policy.
E) make Americans drink more tea.

Question 62

Which of the following was true at the very start of the Revolution?

A) Many Patriots wanted to join the French Empire.
B) The Patriots petitioned the Spanish to help them negotiate with George III.
C) The Patriots fielded a much better trained army than Britain.
D) Few Patriots were ready to call for independence.
E) Most colonists opposed the idea of colonial parliamentary representation.

Question 63

Which of the following occurred at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

A) The British suffered major casualties.
B) George Washington won his first victory.
C) The colonial militia repulsed every British assault.
D) Americans learned they could easily beat the British.
E) Americans refused to take prisoners.

Question 64

What was the significance of the Gaspée incident?

A) It drove deep divisions between the French and British, leading the British to build their navy in anticipation of the French and Indian War.
B) Its global scale led the French to form an alliance with the British early on in the American Revolutionary War.
C) Its tragic nature led Samuel Adams to retire the Committee of Correspondence temporarily and give the British another chance.
D) It served as the means by which the British retaliated against the colonists who had participated in the Boston Tea Party.
E) It represented the evolution and intensity of anti-British feelings in the American colonies as colonists engaged in violent protest.

Question 65

Which of the following was a result of the Boston Massacre?

A) The Revolutionary War officially began in response the day after the massacre.
B) The colonists ignored the prospect of a trial because the massacre had been kept secret.
C) Samuel Adams defended the British soldiers and sought to create order.
D) The colonists experienced shock waves, and firebrands called for justice.
E) Americans thereafter quietly paid their taxes to avoid violence.

Question 66

Focusing on the years prior to 1763, compare and contrast the approaches the British, French, and Spanish took in overseeing the administration of their colonies.

Question 67

What was the significance of the Daughters of Liberty?

A) The group consisted of many radical artists who sought to advance women's rights through poetry and painting, as the new nation offered the promise of political gains for women.
B) The group was comprised of British women who, in a series of pamphlets, argued that true liberty rested with the parliamentary monarchy of the mother country.
C) The group is an example of how the non-importation movement enabled colonial women to participate in the resistance, such as by no longer buying imported British goods.
D) The group was revolutionary in that it was a women-led militia and helped fill a gap in male fighters during the early stages of the war before there was an organized Patriot army.
E) The group demonstrated how, as with the Sons of Liberty, the resistance was located almost solely within Boston and proved unable to recruit members in the other colonies.

Question 68

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to

A) shut down a rebellious newspaper.
B) collect taxes.
C) prevent a town meeting.
D) seize the resistance's gunpowder.
E) arrest Paul Revere.

Question 69

Which of the following statements accurately describes a reason some Americans revolted?

A) Americans resented the fact that the percentage of free property owners was higher in Britain than in the colonies.
B) Most Patriots strongly disagreed with the English constitutional tradition and had long wished to break free from it.
C) Some prosperous southern planters were afraid that the British might abolish slavery, which would negatively impact their economy.
D) Americans were upset that due to lack of aid from the British, they generally had a shorter average life span and a worse diet than Europeans did.
E) Patriot merchants were angry because the British were in mounting debt due to economic collapse in England and owed them a great deal of money.

Question 70

Which of the following statements accurately describes Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence?

A) It recognized Indian land claims and promised women a role in the new government.
B) It went on to receive only a few signatures, even in its final version.
C) It lacked any mention of the African slave trade and went unedited before being sent to London.
D) It listed objections to British actions and expressed the self-evidence of certain truths.
E) It lacked any reference to the creation of a new nation and was meant to serve as a warning.

Question 71

________ was perhaps the most radical of the American rebels and organized the Committee of Correspondence.

A) James Otis
B) Samuel Adams
C) John Dickinson
D) John Adams
E) Paul Revere

Question 72

Which of the following statements about the Boston Tea Party is accurate?

A) Native Americans led the charge against the British because they were most affected by taxes imposed on the colonies.
B) British governors held a luxurious gathering to flaunt that they had greater access to tea than the Americans and to tempt them to rebel.
C) Americans destroyed a large amount of valuable tea that belonged to the British to protest taxation without consent.
D) The episode was such a spectacle that it successfully forced the British to repeal the tea tax and ensured peace for another five years.
E) American revolutionaries failed to find enough supporters and participants in New England for the British to openly react to the gathering.

Question 73

What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act of 1766?

A) It required Americans to declare loyalty to the Crown.
B) It recognized the principle of "no taxation without representation."
C) It repealed all prior British taxes.
D) It reasserted the government's right to tax the colonists.
E) It gave Americans some seats in Parliament.

Question 74

The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to

A) enrich Lord North and his cronies.
B) bail out the East India Company.
C) stimulate England's home economy.
D) punish American tea importers.
E) reduce tea prices for Americans.

Question 75

What is mercantilism? Discuss how this concept impacted exploration, colony building, and governance in the seventeenth century.

Question 76

Few Americans during the time of the Revolutionary War

A) joined forces with colonists of diverse backgrounds, such as Scots, Irish, Germans, and Jews, to resist British rule.
B) confronted the contradiction that they would fail to apply the freedoms they were vying for to the system of slavery.
C) shared the belief that governmental authority had to be based on the consent of the governed.
D) wanted to trade freely with the world and expand westward across the Appalachian Mountains.
E) knew Loyalists who continued to live in the colonies because nearly all had opted to move back to Europe.

Question 77

What was the purpose behind the Townshend duties?

A) to convince the colonists to help the British fight the French during the French and Indian War
B) to raise revenue to send gifts to the Native Americans to keep the peace
C) to subsidize the colonial shipbuilding trade and thereby bring more resources to England
D) to pay the royal governors' salaries and make them independent of colonial legislatures
E) to increase the meager pay of colonial legislators and encourage their loyalty to the monarchy

Question 78

Describe the transition of power during the Glorious Revolution. What were its various effects in America?

Question 79

In 1766, in response to American protests, Parliament

A) gave Americans representation in the House of Commons.
B) removed British troops from the colonies.
C) blamed George III for its mistaken policies.
D) issued an official apology.
E) repealed the Stamp Act.

Question 80

Three weeks after the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Continental Congress sent George III

A) the War Act declaring open rebellion.
B) a peace offering accepting Parliament's right to tax the colonies.
C) the Olive Branch Petition, urging the King to negotiate.
D) the Declaration of Independence, creating the "United States of America."
E) a Writ of Renunciation, declaring slavery an evil imposed on the colonies by the Crown.