Deck 10: Constructing an Adult Life

Question 1

Scandinavia is similar to the United States in its emphasis on:

A)moving out of the family household at age 18.
B)attending college immediately after high school.
C)having children only within marriage.
D)traditional male and female roles.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When 18-year-old Karl attends a meeting with his guidance counselor as part of his mandatory high school graduation requirements,the counselor asks Karl what his plans are for the next few years.Karl replies that he has no plans and no interest in his future.According to James Marcia,his identity status is:

A)foreclosure.
B)non-achievement oriented.
C)moratorium.
D)diffusion.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Erik Erikson noticed that many severely troubled teens were unable to make the emotional transition to adult life.They suffered from what Erikson called role:

A)achievement.
B)confusion.
C)foreclosure.
D)moratorium.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

For several years,Kimberly,a junior in college,tried many different majors and explored many different interests.Recently,she has noticed that when she is in her philosophy courses,she feels completely immersed and absorbed,and she needs very little extrinsic motivation to do well.Kimberly is experiencing:

A)identity foreclosure.
B)flow.
C)achievement.
D)re-entry.

Question 5

Jonas has an African American mother and a European American father.In the United States,Jonas is considered:

A)bicultural.
B)biracial.
C)monoracial.
D)dual race.

Question 6

Beatrice seems constantly to be in and out of romantic relationships in which she feels rejected and unfulfilled.She recognizes that her excessive clinginess and jealousy does not help her ability to connect.According to attachment theorists,Beatrice has a(n)_____ attachment style.

A)avoidant/dismissive
B)overly secure
C)preoccupied/ambivalent
D)avoidant/distracted

Question 7

Jeanine,now in her junior year in college,is still living at home with her parents.Jeanine is still in _____;and this is _____ in the United States in 2015.

A)"the nest";increasingly common
B)"the nest";increasingly uncommon
C)the school-to-work transition;very rare
D)the school-to-work transition;very common

Question 8

A person who has a secure adult attachment style could BEST be compared to:

A)Jean Phinney's ethnically content child.
B)James Marcia's identity achieved adult.
C)Erik Erikson's intimacy achieved adolescent.
D)Mary Ainsworth's securely attached infant.

Question 9

Theresa has held many major positions during her lifetime;she has been a mother,spouse,daughter,grandmother,and student.Developmentalists refer to these positions as:

A)roles.
B)schemas.
C)identity statuses.
D)age norms.

Question 10

When speaking with her high school guidance counselor,17-year-old Chelsea says that she has "no idea" if she is interested in going to college and has "no interest" in trying to come up with a plan.She just seems to be drifting through life.According to James Marcia,Chelsea is in identity:

A)achievement.
B)moratorium.
C)diffusion.
D)foreclosure.

Question 11

When Frank is asked to identify his religious affiliation,he replies that he is a Methodist.When asked to explain,he replies that,"I have just always been Methodist,and my parents would be upset if I was any other religion." According to the text,Frank's identity status in this case is:

A)foreclosure.
B)diffusion.
C)deistic.
D)confusion.

Question 12

Joseph wants to know the odds that he will finish college and make the most of his undergraduate experience.According to the text,to make predictions relating to these questions,you can ask Joseph all of the following questions EXCEPT:

A)"What is your family's income?"
B)"What were your high school grades?"
C)"Have you made contact with your professors?"
D)"Do you have a circle of friends who are just like you?"

Question 13

When James describes his wife of eight years,he seems to exude feelings of joy and pleasure.He describes that he was very open to marrying,and feels "in love" with,and committed to,his wife,but also feels strongly that his wife should have her own friends and interests.According to attachment theorists,James's attachment style is:

A)preoccupied/ambivalent.
B)profundity plus.
C)securely attached.
D)insecurely attached.

Question 14

Jake has had four girlfriends in the past year.When asked to describe him,Jake's girlfriends say that he is afraid of emotional attachment,feels strongly about appearing independent,and keeps emotional sharing to a minimum.According to some attachment theorists,Jake's adult attachment style is:

A)avoidant/distracted.
B)avoidant/dismissive.
C)preoccupied/ambivalent.
D)overly secure.

Question 15

Twenty-five-year-old Carlotta is a college dropout who works as a chef at a restaurant.According to the text,Carlotta dropped out of college MOST likely because:

A)the courses were too difficult.
B)of financial reasons.
C)she was not interested in the work.
D)of her interpersonal skills.

Question 16

Joan is 34 years old,and after breaking up with her boyfriend of 5 years,has been dating different people.She is depressed and concerned that her initial plans to marry and have children by the age of 35 will not come to fruition.This inner timetable directing Joan's ideas about which life activities are appropriate at certain ages is called her:

A)foreclosed identity.
B)social clock.
C)biological clock.
D)re-entry/termination timetable.

Question 17

A couple in an unmarried romantic relationship who are sharing a household are:

A)cohabiting.
B)pre-married.
C)mock-married.
D)mestiered.

Question 18

Peter has experienced his first bout of depression,and is within the normal age range for when serious mental disorders such as depression tend to occur and peak.Peter is MOST likely about _____ years old.

A)12
B)17
C)22
D)27

Question 19

William is 24-years-old and has a bachelor's degree in business.After working in his father's construction business,he managed a building supply store.He then worked with some friends who had begun their own companies.William now has decided that he wants to pursue his master's degree in business administration and start his own company.According to James Marcia,in terms of identity status,William is most likely:

A)diffused.
B)foreclosed.
C)achieved.
D)exploring.

Question 20

Claire,a first-year college student,has recently made an appointment with her college advisor.She is interested in receiving some tips for making college more of an "inner-growth flow zone." According to the text,Claire's advisor might suggest that she:

A)avoids asking her professors for information regarding tests and papers.
B)takes early morning classes to get them out of the way.
C)takes easy classes the first year in order to build up her grade point average.
D)connects her classes to potential careers.

Question 21

On average,teens who are very depressed tend to get happier when they make the transition to adult life.

Question 22

According to attachment theorists,adults who fall quickly and deeply "in love," and who are frequently rejected by partners as "needy," MOST likely had which attachment style as an infant or child?

A)avoidant/dismissive
B)preoccupied/ ambivalent
C)secure
D)unknown

Question 23

Feeling "off time" in one's social clock can cause considerable distress.

Question 24

Coming to terms with one's identity helps bicultural young people think in more complex,richer ways about life.

Question 25

In general,young people today in the United States are far more tolerant of interracial dating than in the past.

Question 26

In northern Europe,most young people live at home until they marry.

Question 27

Getting involved in campus life and making connections with professors can help make college a "flow" experience.

Question 28

Most people have realistic career goals by the end of high school.

Question 29

Staying in the nest during emerging adulthood is always a symptom of having problems growing up.

Question 30

Ethnic minority emerging adults may actively decide to live in the nest in order to help their parents.

Question 31

"Emerging adulthood" refers to the in-between stage,lasting from the late teens into the late twenties,during which time people are constructing an adult life.

Question 32

A person who unthinkingly accepts an authority figure's idea of what to do in life is in identity moratorium.

Question 33

Someone who feels incapable of constructing an adult life is in identity diffusion.

Question 34

Academically talented young people who come from poverty-level families almost always finish college.

Question 35

If a job puts a person in flow,that individual is likely to be satisfied at work.

Question 36

According to recent research,it can be healthy to know one's career path without searching out many different possibilities.

Question 37

In the United States today,social clock norms and pressures are practically nonexistent.

Question 38

People who see marriage and having children as their main priority tend to reach these milestones at a younger age.

Question 39

A young person,who is exploring various adult roles and possibilities,is experiencing role confusion.

Question 40

Because the U.S.government does little to help people make the transition to adulthood,young people in the United States today have a bumpier,more difficult path to financial independence than do emerging adults in Scandinavia.

Question 41

Statistically speaking,who is MOST likely to enjoy emerging adulthood?

A)Mario,who lives in Madrid
B)Sophie,who lives in Stockholm
C)Longwei,who isn't married and lives in Beijing
D)Dolly,from Dallas,who lives at home with her parents because she can't find work

Question 42

All are classic challenges of emerging adulthood EXCEPT:

A)making the transition from being protected by parents,to taking control of life.
B)choosing from an incredible number of life possibilities.
C)needing to financially support oneself.
D)getting along with a spouse.

Question 43

Harriet has many interests,shifted college majors several times,and ended up with a sociology degree.Now,at age 23,she is selling cologne in a department store and trying to figure out what she wants to be when she grows up.Today,Harriet's life path is:

A)abnormal.
B)fairly normal.
C)a sign of immaturity.
D)condemned by our culture.

Question 44

In which nation do young people face the MOST barriers to reaching full adulthood?

A)Norway
B)Portugal
C)Germany
D)Denmark

Question 45

Who is grappling with an issue specific to emerging adulthood?

A)Lamar,who needs to take responsibility for directing his life
B)Bhava,who needs to learn how to relate to her family
C)Cailida,who needs to do well in school
D)Donovan,who needs to control his emotions

Question 46

A Greek emerging adult,compared to his German counterpart,is more likely to:

A)live in the nest.
B)happily explore life.
C)support himself.
D)cohabit with a significant other.

Question 47

All are benchmarks of becoming adult in the United States EXCEPT:

A)being financially self-supporting.
B)accepting adult responsibilities.
C)caring about one's family.
D)making independent decisions about life.

Question 48

Statistically speaking,which contemporary emerging adult has the MOST difficulty becoming financially independent?

A)Nicoleta,who lives in Greece
B)Sven,who lives in Denmark
C)Steven,who lives in Canada
D)Wilma,who lives in Australia

Question 49

To have an enduring,happy relationship,it is crucial to see a partner realistically and be fully aware of that person's flaws.

Question 50

Which is NOT a statement that people might expect to hear from emerging adults?

A)"I want to test out different relationships before I marry."
B)"I don't feel like a child,but I also don't feel quite adult."
C)"I'm 17 years old and now I can drive."
D)"I'd like to explore the world before I settle down."

Question 51

All of the following explain why the life stage called emerging adulthood developed EXCEPT:

A)life-expectancy gains.
B)the need for more education.
C)a society that values personal exploration.
D)less strict parental discipline.

Question 52

All of these 23-year-olds fit the classic emerging-adult pattern EXCEPT:

A)Donalt,who is married,working,and has a child.
B)Dongmei,who is in college and dating different guys.
C)Damian,who is exploring different career possibilities.
D)Dagny,who is trying to figure out the kind of man she wants to marry.

Question 53

The inner experience of being committed in a relationship progresses in stages.

Question 54

Once a person's attachment style has developed,it does not change.

Question 55

Someone who is obsessed with a romantic partner and needs frequent reassurance is a good mate choice because this person will not leave the relationship.

Question 56

The idea that opposites attract is true.

Question 57

Emerging adulthood is a life stage uniquely defined by:

A)totally changing one's life.
B)learning about the world.
C)relating to friends.
D)getting married and having children.

Question 58

Gay relationships are of poorer quality than heterosexual relationships.

Question 59

Emerging adulthood refers to:

A)late adolescence when teens emerge from the house.
B)the time from the end of high school to the late twenties when people construct an adult life.
C)the delayed development of twenty-somethings who should already be mature.
D)when the body is changing from its childhood to its adult form.

Question 60

What is NOT a core characteristic of emerging adulthood?

A)being at one's physical peak
B)raising children
C)making one's own independent decisions
D)taking different life paths

Question 61

The MAIN reason why today's U.S.emerging adults stay in the nest is:

A)financial;they cannot afford to move out.
B)anxiety;they are more stressed out.
C)dependency;they are too attached to their parents.
D)shifting norms;society now feels that leaving home is wrong.

Question 62

Which emerging adult is MOST likely to move in and out of a parent's house?

A)Ned,who lives in New York City
B)Elof,who lives in Scandinavia
C)Adonis,who lives in Athens
D)Mario,who lives in Madrid

Question 63

Twenty-two-year-old Liza lives in the United States.She has just moved out of the nest and is renting her first apartment.Based on the research,how are Liza's parents MOST likely to feel?

A)excited to see their baby growing up
B)terribly upset that their baby has left the nest
C)more emotionally distant from Liza than before
D)angry and hurt

Question 64

Who is most likely to feel worried about being "off time" in his social clock?

A)Pete,age 21,who changed his major and so won't graduate for an additional year
B)Jaime,who graduated from college at age 23
C)Li,age 40,who decides to change careers and go to medical school
D)Faron,who is marrying Freda right after grad school,at age 28

Question 65

All are common among today's U.S.emerging adults EXCEPT:

A)leaving the nest around age 18.
B)staying in the nest to save money.
C)moving in and out of the nest.
D)getting married in the early twenties.

Question 66

Which phrase BEST describes the typical path of U.S.emerging adults?

A)smoothly and consistently moving toward full adulthood
B)becoming adult at a young age
C)moving backward and forward,in fits and starts,toward full adulthood
D)never fully becoming adult

Question 67

When Sam,an emerging adult in the United States,moves out of his parent's house,he might expect all of these family changes EXCEPT:

A)to be treated as more adult.
B)a better relationship with his mom and dad.
C)continued close contact with his mom and dad.
D)more distant and angry feelings from his mom and dad.

Question 68

U.S.nest-leaving by emerging adults is MOST apt to:

A)improve family relationships.
B)make people very anxious.
C)make parent-child relations more distant.
D)promote homesickness in young people.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for parents if their children must move back home after college?

A)"Don't micromanage or hover;give the child freedom."
B)"Talk openly about your mutual concerns."
C)"Perhaps set up shared,agreed upon rules."
D)"Take total charge of the child's finances."

Question 70

Who is coping with a social-clock issue?

A)Renato,who repeatedly misses appointments
B)Jun,who is 35 and worried that she is getting too old to marry and have kids
C)Anton,who is always late to class
D)Arnie,who is getting married next year at age 28

Question 71

Miguel is a first-generation Mexican American.Helen is European American.Helgard is Swedish.Statistically speaking,who is apt to feel BEST about living at home during the emerging adult years?

A)Miguel
B)Helen
C)Helgard
D)Predictions are impossible.

Question 72

Today,Swedish emerging adults:

A)typically marry young.
B)get free government-funded university attendance.
C)have difficulty supporting themselves.
D)live in the nest.

Question 73

Which nation actively works to foster young people's transition to adult life?

A)Sweden
B)Italy
C)Spain
D)the United States

Question 74

To determine the Western nation where reaching adulthood is MOST stressful,which question should Paula ask?

A)What is that nation's economic situation?
B)How religious is that nation?
C)How multicultural is that nation?
D)How much does that nation care about family ties?

Question 75

Paulino is a Portuguese emerging adult.Statistically speaking,Paulino is MOST likely to live:

A)with his parents.
B)with a girlfriend.
C)with his wife and kids.
D)independently.

Question 76

Name the country that BEST fits the following emerging adult life paths: (1)often lives with parents till married; (2)lives independently with government help; (3)moves backward and forward on the way to constructing an independent adult life.

A)(1)Greece; (2)Sweden; (3)United States
B)(1)United States; (2)Sweden; (3)Greece
C)(1)Sweden; (2)Greece; (3)United States
D)(1)United States; (2)Greece; (3)Sweden

Question 77

Which emerging adult is MOST likely to stay in the nest to help his or her family?

A)a European American young person
B)an Asian American young person
C)a young person from Sweden
D)a young person from the southern United States

Question 78

Which is NOT a bottom-line message of the chapter's nest-leaving discussion?

A)Staying in the nest is always poisonous for parents and children.
B)More men than women stay in the nest during their twenties.
C)People may stay in the nest to help their parents,especially if they are minority youth.
D)Nest-leaving often depends on a nation's economy.

Question 79

A 26-year-old says,"I'm living with my parents." According to the text,which is the correct conclusion to make about this statement?

A)This person is immature.
B)It's a sign of having close family relationships.
C)It's a sign of being unhappy.
D)Nothing,as there are many different reasons why people stay in the nest.

Question 80

Which description does NOT fit the transition to adulthood in the United States?

A)fuzzy
B)bumpy
C)anxiety provoking
D)smooth and easy