Deck 6: Socioemotional Development

Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate finding in the study of 227 urban elementary school children with regard to relational aggression?

A)Boys with low levels of relational aggression were less popular than girls with low levels relational aggression.
B)Boys' level of relational aggression did not affect their popularity rating.
C)Girls with low levels of relational aggression had the highest ratings of popularity.
D)Girls with high levels of relational aggression had the highest ratings of popularity.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sally is using induction in disciplining her child.After witnessing her daughter teasing a playmate,she will say:

A)"Think of how terrible that child feels when you tease him."
B)"I am going to put you in your room."
C)"You are a bad girl."
D)"Now you are really going to be punished."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Self-esteem tends to decline during elementary school because children:

A)can realistically compare their abilities to their peers.
B)have reached the preoperational stage and are scared.
C)are exposed to more discipline.
D)have developed learned helplessness.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements best applies to the influence of culture on prosocial behavior?

A)In rural and non-industrialized cultures,some prosocial behaviors,such as sacrificing for one's parents,are more of a norm.
B)In rural and non-industrialized cultures,people are more prosocial.
C)In rural and non-industrialized cultures,people are less prosocial.
D)There are no significant cultural differences in any aspect of prosocial behavior.

Question 5

Children who act on impulse and act aggressively have _____ tendencies.

A)regulatory
B)altruistic
C)externalizing
D)internalizing

Question 6

The capacity to manage feelings so that they do not interfere with a productive life is called:

A)an externalizing tendency.
B)an internalizing tendency.
C)emotion regulation.
D)cognitive reconstruction.

Question 7

Children who believe they are powerless to affect their fate,and so give up,feeling that they should not try to succeed,have developed:

A)externalizing tendencies.
B)learned helplessness.
C)compensatory surrender.
D)discounting.

Question 8

Bolek believes that he is a failure at everything he does.He is timid,anxious,and has given up trying,even when he could succeed.Bolek MOST likely is suffering from all of the following problems EXCEPT:

A)learned helplessness.
B)low self-efficacy.
C)internalizing issues.
D)Asperger's syndrome.

Question 9

In one study,male and female infants with high levels of testosterone in the first couple of months of life tended to engage in more typical "male" play behavior at _____ year(s)of age.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6

Question 10

Altruism refers to the desire to act prosocially:

A)without receiving an external reward.
B)in order to receive praise.
C)to avoid humiliation.
D)because of envy of others.

Question 11

Eleven-year-old Sarah loves to tattle on her older sister.Last week,Sarah told her sister's boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy.Sarah is demonstrating _____ aggression.

A)relational
B)instrumental
C)hostile
D)reactive

Question 12

Tara feels incredibly frightened when she sees a highway crash;Tara is exhibiting _____.Halina feels terrible for the people who were hurt,and rushes to help;Halina is exhibiting _____.

A)sympathy;empathy
B)internalizing disorder;externalizing disorder
C)empathy;sympathy
D)externalizing disorder;internalizing disorder

Question 13

Jinjing can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference,and is still able to reflect on her own inner feelings.Jinjing is showing _____,and is probably in the _____ stage.

A)internalization;preoperational
B)externalization;concrete operational
C)self-esteem;preoperational
D)self-awareness;concrete operational

Question 14

To promote realistic self-esteem,it is important to enhance children's self-efficacy and:

A)encourage accurate self-perceptions.
B)encourage good communications.
C)encourage age-appropriate skills.
D)shower children with compliments.

Question 15

Children who act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively have:

A)externalizing tendencies.
B)neutral tendencies.
C)emotion regulation issues.
D)internalizing tendencies.

Question 16

Jason,a three-year-old,is continually testing his abilities in the wider world.Ng,a second grader,is learning that he has to work for what he wants.According to Erik Erikson.Jason is in the _____ stage,and Ng is in the _____ stage.

A)industry vs.inferiority;initiative vs.guilt
B)initiative vs.guilt;industry vs.inferiority
C)autonomy vs.doubt;identity vs.role confusion
D)identity vs.role confusion;autonomy vs.doubt

Question 17

Although Tim just turned 6,he tends to hide behind his mother every time he is in a social situation.His intense anxiety is sparked whenever others are around.Tim MOST likely suffers from _____ tendencies.

A)extroverted
B)externalizing
C)internalizing
D)self-awareness

Question 18

Children who are incredibly anxious,timid,and frightened:

A)are extroverted.
B)are introverted.
C)have internalizing tendencies.
D)have externalizing tendencies.

Question 19

Collaborative pretend play involves _____,and develops around the age of _____.

A)two children fantasizing together;4
B)two children fantasizing together;2
C)a child pretending with a parent;4
D)a child pretending with a parent;2

Question 20

During childhood,girls' play is characterized by:

A)giving commands and pretending to be a warrior.
B)rough-and-tumble activities.
C)establishing dominance.
D)collaborating in small groups.

Question 21

Five-year-old Matthew kicked Jason when Jason threatened to take Matthew's snack.Matthew is demonstrating _____ aggression.

A)hostile
B)relational
C)reactive
D)instrumental

Question 22

Shame,or the feeling of personal humiliation,causes people to want to:

A)withdraw from others.
B)connect with others.
C)feel terrible about what they have done.
D)behave in a more caring way.

Question 23

Gender-segregated play begins:

A)in preschool,but accelerates in elementary school.
B)in infancy.
C)at puberty.
D)in adolescence.

Question 24

Parents who want to raise prosocial children should avoid using shame as a discipline strategy.

Question 25

All are important purposes of play EXCEPT:

A)helping children to cope with stress.
B)allowing children to practice adult roles.
C)helping children to learn to be creative.
D)teaching children to get along with each other.

Question 26

Self-esteem problems first become an issue during early childhood.

Question 27

Peter is at his life's peak age for physical aggression.Peter is MOST likely about _____ years old.

A)2)5
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 28

A child who has externalizing tendencies tends to be highly disruptive and argumentative.

Question 29

Prosocial behavior is far more common in girls than boys.

Question 30

Prosocial behavior in children is promoted when parents or caregivers use induction.

Question 31

Children with serious internalizing tendencies often are very anxious and depressed.

Question 32

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend,Samantha answers,"Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____ children,and Samantha is describing their friendships in terms of _____ qualities.

A)younger;internal
B)older;internal
C)younger;external
D)older;external

Question 33

The key to getting children to tackle challenging tasks is to tell them that they are incredibly intelligent.

Question 34

Children need to actively be taught to be prosocial.

Question 35

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in relational aggression.

Question 36

Who tends to be bullied MOST often?

A)aggressive children
B)socially anxious children who do not fight back
C)girls
D)boys

Question 37

Children with externalizing tendencies are at risk of having unrealistically high self-esteem.

Question 38

Sarah,a new third grade teacher,wants her male and female students to play together and have best friends of the opposite sex.Sarah needs to be told that:

A)boys and girls may play together,but best friends typically stick to the same gender.
B)boys and girls never mix in elementary school.
C)boys and girls prefer to play in mixed-sex groups.
D)boys are more willing than girls to "cross the gender divide" and have opposite-sex friends.

Question 39

Japanese children tend to be:

A)less prosocial than U.S.children.
B)less likely to take credit for prosocial acts than U.S.children.
C)more prosocial than U.S.children.
D)angrier than U.S.children.

Question 40

The key to helping children raise their self-esteem is to continually tell them that they are special and wonderful.

Question 41

Unpopular children almost always have trouble succeeding as adults.

Question 42

Generally,gender-segregated play begins during preschool.

Question 43

Efforts to reduce school bullying focus on helping bullied children stand up for themselves.

Question 44

The term rough-and-tumble play refers to physical games such as baseball or soccer.

Question 45

Children's first experiences with fantasy play typically involve their mothers.

Question 46

Collaborative pretend play helps children learn important social skills.

Question 47

All are true of children who have serious problems regulating their emotions EXCEPT that they:

A)always have inadequate parents.
B)have trouble succeeding with their peers.
C)may be excessively aggressive.
D)may be excessively anxious.

Question 48

"Being popular" is the same thing as "having a friend."

Question 49

Boys and girls who behave in gender-atypical ways tend to be less popular than children whose behavior is stereotypically "male" or "female."

Question 50

Young rhesus monkeys segregate themselves by gender and play in "male" and "female" ways,just as human children do.

Question 51

Gender schema theory refers to the fact that people are reinforced by parents and peers for acting in classically "female" or "male" ways.

Question 52

Fantasy play has nothing in common with real life.

Question 53

Fantasy play is absolutely essential to development.

Question 54

Preschoolers' friendships are based on common interests and activities.

Question 55

The text states that cyberbullying is emotionally worse for a child than traditional bullying.

Question 56

Proactive aggression refers to aggressive acts used in the service of "getting something."

Question 57

"I'll go to class today,even though I'd rather sleep." "I'll conquer my shyness and ask the teacher that question." Which is the correct term for these challenges?

A)cognitive control
B)emotion regulation
C)externalization
D)internal tenacity

Question 58

Friendships help teach children how to relate as adults.

Question 59

Relational aggression may help girls ascend into a popular group.

Question 60

Exuberant toddler explorers (even those who have trouble during childhood)sometimes become prosocial heroes as adults.

Question 61

Marta is 9 years old.According to Susan Harter,Marta is MOST apt to describe herself as:

A)the best kid in the world.
B)realistic,based on how she measures up compared to the other children in her class.
C)the worst kid in the world.
D)an extremely happy child.

Question 62

According to Susan Harter,how would a 4-year-old describe himself?

A)"I am sometimes nervous around new people."
B)"Although I am a good reader,I have trouble with numbers."
C)"My hair is curly."
D)"I try to be nice to everyone,but sometimes it is hard."

Question 63

Erik Erikson labeled the early childhood task "initiative" because at this age children:

A)need to be free to do what they want.
B)are passionate to test their abilities in the world.
C)have a lot of energy.
D)first have their own ideas.

Question 64

An 8-year-old is making negative comments such as,"I'm not that smart or pretty." Based on Harter's research,the child:

A)needs to go to therapy.
B)is acting normally.
C)is developing externalizing issues.
D)is being bullied by her teachers and her peers.

Question 65

If 10-year-old Carlos is incredibly aggressive and unable to sit still,he MOST likely would have social problems:

A)anywhere in the world.
B)only in the United States.
C)in individualistic cultures.
D)in collectivist cultures.

Question 66

When Susan Harter asks,"What are you like as a person?," only a 10-year-old might

Question 67

Hank has always had very high self-esteem.But recently he's begun to make negative comments about himself.Hank is MOST likely _____ years old.

A)3
B)9
C)15
D)22

Question 68

In her research on the developing self,Susan Harter draws on the ideas of _____.

A)Erikson
B)Piaget
C)Freud
D)Bowlby

Question 69

Which child has emotion regulation problems?

A)Brighton barges in and takes over every social situation,so he has few friends.
B)Dana becomes angry when her mom serves food she doesn't like.
C)Delun sometimes becomes anxious at school.
D)Stephanos freely discusses his emotions.

Question 70

According to Susan Harter,self-esteem first becomes an important issue for children:

A)around age three.
B)during elementary school.
C)around the teens.
D)only when children are not being raised well.

Question 71

If 10-year-old Dallas has serious trouble controlling his anxiety,he MOST likely would have problems succeeding:

A)anywhere in the world.
B)only in individualistic cultures such as the United States.
C)in elementary school.
D)only if he was aggressive.

Question 72

If a four-year-old says that she is the smartest,most beautiful person in the world,then that child:

A)needs therapy.
B)is acting normally.
C)is overly narcissistic.
D)has overindulgent parents.

Question 73

A teacher says that he's horrified that his fourth graders are always making comparisons among one another.A developmentalist should

Question 74

Give each child a probable diagnosis: (1)Judy is extremely anxious and depressed; (2)Jane acts disruptively and regularly gets into fights.

A)(1)internalizing tendencies; (2)externalizing tendencies
B)(1)externalizing tendencies; (2)internalizing tendencies
C)(1)internalizing tendencies ; (2)internalizing tendencies
D)(1)externalizing tendencies ; (2)externalizing tendencies

Question 75

Reaching concrete operations tends to produce "self-esteem" issues because children:

A)can realistically compare their abilities with those of their peers.
B)can fully express their feelings.
C)are now getting disciplined for the first time.
D)are expected to do homework.

Question 76

Jalili,age 4,is in preschool.According to Erikson,her MAIN challenge is to:

A)test her skills in the wider world.
B)inhibit her behavior.
C)work for what she wants.
D)form letters.

Question 77

According to Erikson,a preschooler's challenge is to try new things;in elementary school,a child's challenge is to _____.

A)work hard to succeed
B)try new things
C)obey one's parents
D)learn social skills

Question 78

Which is NOT a behavior that indicates a child has internalizing tendencies?

A)Jordan has trouble making friends because he is so self-conscious and shy.
B)Delfia prefers to hide her emotions rather than speak out.
C)Judy is depressed and chronically dissatisfied with life.
D)Jebran is too anxious to complete most tasks.

Question 79

If an 8-year-old child is beginning to make negative comments such as,"I'm not that smart or pretty," all of the following may be true EXCEPT that the child:

A)has reached concrete operations.
B)is beginning to realistically scan her abilities.
C)is acting normally.
D)has reached Erikson's stage of basic trust versus mistrust.

Question 80

Which behavior does NOT indicate that a child has externalizing tendencies?

A)Clint barges in and takes over social situations,so he has few friends.
B)Tino fights continually with his classmates and adults.
C)Sherise cannot stop running around the classroom when she needs to focus on work.
D)Sharon freely discusses her emotions.