Deck 7: Settings for Development Home and School

Question 1

Common Core tries to use which developmental principle in the development and implementation of educational materials?

A)extrinsic motivation
B)scaffolding
C)theory of mind
D)zone of proximal development

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text,which statement best reflects the "child's contribution to the risk of being abused"?

A)The child has no influence on the risk of being abused.
B)The child's temperament can influence the risk of being abused.
C)Children usually invite abuse.
D)The child's temperament is the main force predicting abuse.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Psychologist Judith Harris argues that human behavior primarily is shaped by:

A)parents.
B)genetics.
C)peer groups.
D)siblings.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Crystal and her husband are divorcing,and Crystal is worried about the impact of the divorce on her 10- and 13-year-old children.According to the text,all of the following tips would be good advice EXCEPT:

A)do not denigrate your former husband in front of the children.
B)give the children some input into custody decisions.
C)joint custody is always the best option.
D)try to keep the children in the same neighborhood and school.

Question 5

Jeremy was administered the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)and received a score of 65.According to this test,he should be classified as:

A)having an intellectual developmental disability.
B)gifted.
C)dyslexic.
D)within the normal range.

Question 6

Jessica believes that her most important task as a parent is to "be there for her children." Karen loves her children dearly,but believes that her most important task is to "enforce the family's rules." These women differ in their:

A)maturation.
B)caring.
C)parenting styles.
D)social skills.

Question 7

According to statistics,all of these U.S.parents are MORE likely to spank their children compared to the average U.S.adult EXCEPT:

A)African Americans.
B)evangelical Protestants.
C)people who were spanked as children and feel it helped them.
D)people who report having been abused as children.

Question 8

Marjorie has been diagnosed with a learning disability that involves difficulty in reading,lack of fluency,and poor word recognition.Marjorie's mother reports that her grandmother had the same disability.Marjorie MOST likely has been diagnosed with:

A)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
B)dyslexia.
C)mental retardation.
D)a low intelligence test score.

Question 9

Four-year-old Rachel has parents who provide no rules and are not very affectionate.According to Diana Baumrind,Rachel's parents have a(n)_____ parenting style.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)rejecting-neglecting

Question 10

Robinson is stranded on a tropical island,by himself.Which type of intelligence will be MOST beneficial to his survival on the island?

A)interpersonal intelligence
B)analytical intelligence
C)creative intelligence
D)practical intelligence

Question 11

Fiona is from a family of eight and lives in a low-income urban housing project.Her mother rules the household "with an iron fist." Fiona's mother is vigilant,highly rule-oriented,and tolerates no talking back from the children.According to the text,this mother may:

A)need to be confronted for being overly strict.
B)need to be reported to social services.
C)be acting appropriately.
D)need to be taught to be kinder to her children.

Question 12

Jorge's family moved to the United States from Mexico when he was age 6.Jorge now speaks more English than both of his parents and is becoming similar in attitudes and practices to his friends in the United States.Jorge is undergoing:

A)migration.
B)immigration.
C)acculturation.
D)encroachment.

Question 13

William expects instant obedience from his children when he tells them to do something,such as to clean up their rooms.Richard is typically willing to negotiate with his children regarding household chores.In terms of Diana Baumrind's parenting styles,William is _____,and Richard is _____.

A)militaristic;child-centered
B)a disciplinarian;permissive
C)authoritarian;authoritative
D)authoritative;permissive

Question 14

Raquel seems to have a natural ability to understand other people.Howard Gardner would label Raquel as high in _____ intelligence.

A)creative
B)intrapersonal
C)kinesthetic
D)interpersonal

Question 15

All of these forces help explain the reasons that impoverished children tend to enter school academically behind their more affluent counterparts EXCEPT that:

A)they have fewer books at home.
B)they are less apt to have home computers.
C)their parents show them less affection.
D)they rarely go to museums.

Question 16

Approximately two out of every _____ U.S.families with children are categorized as "two-parent" families.

A)three
B)five
C)seven
D)nine

Question 17

Paul,a 10-year-old,is the envy of his classmates because he does not have a set bedtime and is free to stay up as late as he wants on most nights,as long as he gets enough sleep.Paul is a well-adjusted child,who feels that his parents love him very much.Paul's parents are MOST likely to be considered _____ parents.

A)authoritarian
B)permissive
C)authoritative
D)rejecting-neglecting

Question 18

Barbara has recently shown interest in helping her mother with chores.She asks to put the dishes away and water the plants.Her mother notices that she seems to really enjoy doing these things,and decides to give Barbara one dollar for every chore she completes.According to the research on extrinsic rewards,you may predict that Barbara:

A)soon will not like doing chores,and will only perform them if she receives money.
B)will like doing the chores even more because she is getting paid.
C)will feel much more competent at the chores than before.
D)will really love doing the chores for their own sake if she receives money for more than a month.

Question 19

Paula's IQ is 114.Yet,in the seventh grade,Paula reads on a third-grade level.Paula is MOST likely:

A)intellectually disabled.
B)badly taught.
C)dyslexic.
D)unmotivated.

Question 20

Victor enjoys playing the guitar and practices for hours at a time.He says that practicing is a very pleasurable activity for him,and he does not do it for any tangible reward.Regarding his guitar playing,Victor is:

A)intrinsically motivated.
B)extrinsically motivated.
C)identity foreclosed.
D)unmotivated.

Question 21

According to Judith Harris,peers are the main force determining how children turn out as adults.

Question 22

In a significant number of countries,spanking is illegal.

Question 23

Which represents Howard Gardner's main agenda in developing his concept of multiple intelligences?

A)Standard intelligence tests are not accurate;let's get rid of them.
B)Let's focus on measuring a child's unique talents and gifts.
C)A person's intelligence can be encapsulated by a single number.
D)There are three types of intelligences: analytic,creative,and practical.

Question 24

Which kinds of intelligences would be measured on a test devised by Howard Gardner?

A)interpersonal,intrapersonal,musical,and kinesthetic
B)vocabulary,creativity,practical,and success-orientation
C)social skills,creativity,practical,and analytic
D)spiritual,social,artistic,and historical

Question 25

Resilient children thrive in the face of growing up in dysfunctional or difficult environments.

Question 26

When parents provide consistent rules,children tend to thrive.

Question 27

Incredibly sensitive parenting is vital when children are biologically at risk.

Question 28

Resilience is determined solely by the presence of a loving attachment figure.

Question 29

All are tips for teachers described in the text EXCEPT:

A)fostering student autonomy by providing children with choices.
B)praising children for brilliance in order to boost their self-esteem.
C)developing a secure attachment with each child.
D)not relying on intelligence test scores,especially with low-income children.

Question 30

Developmentalists all agree that corporal punishment is NEVER acceptable.

Question 31

Elementary schools that are exceeding expectations based on the socioeconomic status of their pupils tend to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)provide worksheet drills to help students pass state standardized tests.
B)offer high-level conceptual work.
C)have teachers who expect children to succeed.
D)do not "dumb down" the curriculum.

Question 32

An authoritarian parenting style tends to work best in Chinese American families.

Question 33

Developmentalists all agree that spanking an infant is wrong.

Question 34

The worst kind of parenting inconsistency occurs when parents have different discipline styles.

Question 35

Studying only in order to raise your grade point average is an example of:

A)extrinsic motivation.
B)intrinsic motivation.
C)physiological reinforcement.
D)psychological manipulation.

Question 36

Rates of child maltreatment are easy to assess.

Question 37

Child maltreatment is caused only by parents' personality problems.

Question 38

Single-mother headed families are far more likely to live in poverty than two-parent families.

Question 39

According to the parenting-style approach,authoritarian parents provide warmth and consistent discipline or rules.

Question 40

From the age of 3,Sam has been raised by his mother who works 50 hours per week at a minimum-wage job.Sam goes to a "failing" school.According to statistics,Sam's intelligence test scores MOST likely will reflect _____ more than _____.

A)environmental forces;genetically based abilities
B)genetically based abilities;environmental forces
C)verbal skills;math skills
D)math skills;verbal skills

Question 41

Which U.S.child is most likely to live in poverty?

A)Alicia,whose parents are gay
B)Andrew,who is being raised by a single mom
C)Audrea,who has a stepdad
D)Asli,whose parents had her relatively late in their lives

Question 42

In the United States,economically disadvantaged children are typically given special enriched services at school.

Question 43

Cedro and Margaret have clear rules and expectations.When a child breaks a rule,they listen to their son or daughter's side of the story before deciding on a consequence.According to Baumrind's parenting-style framework,Cedro and Margaret have a(n)_____ parenting style.

A)permissive
B)authoritarian
C)authoritative
D)neglecting

Question 44

Identify each parenting style: (1)The Smith's provide incredible love,but no discipline; (2)The Jones's are very strict,and don't allow deviations from the rules; (3)The Johnson's home is chaotic,with parents absent in their children's lives.

A)(1)authoritative; (2)authoritarian; (3)permissive
B)(1)permissive; (2)authoritarian; (3)rejecting-neglecting
C)(1)rejecting-neglecting; (2)authoritarian; (3)permissive
D)(1)permissive; (2)authoritative; (3)rejecting-neglecting

Question 45

Heather is being raised by a single mother.Heather's odds of living in poverty are roughly _____ times greater than for Hillary,who is growing up in a married two-parent family.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)10

Question 46

According to Spearman's "g," the intelligence quotient (IQ)test taps into a general intelligence that is apparent in all situations.

Question 47

There are important differences between intelligence tests and achievement tests.

Question 48

The Common Core State Standards are now proven to enhance student learning.

Question 49

Parents should never allow children to provide input into custody arrangements,as it would be too stressful for the children.

Question 50

Alicia is being raised in a blended family.This means that Alicia's parents:

A)adopted children.
B)divorced and remarried,so Alicia has step-siblings.
C)are a gay couple.
D)are multiracial.

Question 51

Howard Gardner believes that humans have eight or possibly nine distinct forms of intelligence.

Question 52

Successful schools nurture both students and teachers.

Question 53

Today,being raised in a traditional two-parent family is _____ in the United States.

A)almost universal
B)very common
C)rare
D)less common than before

Question 54

Mick and Katsumi require their children to do homework right after school.If a child asks,"Can you make an exception today,as I have a party?," they always say "No." According to Baumrind's parenting styles framework,Mick and Katsumi have a(n)_____ parenting style.

A)authoritative
B)permissive
C)rejecting-neglecting
D)authoritarian

Question 55

According to Sternberg,there are three basic types of intelligence,only one of which is measured by the standard intelligence quotient (IQ)test.

Question 56

Intrinsic motivation tends to increase as students move through school.

Question 57

Sternberg's ideas are proven to promote better learning.

Question 58

A child who scores below 70 on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC),but is in the middle of the class on achievement tests and schoolwork,is classified as having a specific learning disability.

Question 59

Intelligence test scores are a good measure of genetic potential for all school-aged children.

Question 60

According to the parenting-styles framework,parents are classified along two dimensions of providing:

A)rules;being child-centered.
B)food and clothes;being permissive.
C)safety;being playful.
D)care;being child-centered.

Question 61

Who is LEAST likely to adopt an authoritarian parenting style?

A)Andrea,who is raising a child in a dangerous environment
B)Pippa,who lives in a rural area of the United States
C)Augustin,who is living in a harsh,dictatorial society
D)Shoichi,who is raising a child with ADHD

Question 62

In general,children do BEST when:

A)parents adopt a single discipline style.
B)parents have consistent rules.
C)dads leave the disciplining to moms.
D)moms leave the disciplining to dads.

Question 63

Which child raised under difficult conditions is most likely to have a successful adult life?

A)Oscar experienced a series of tragedies;his mother died,then his family lost all their money within a few years.
B)Petronella's parents are alcoholic.But Petronella is a mellow,optimistic child who spends her days with a loving grandmother.
C)Quincy's parents give all their attention to their eldest daughter,so they have very little time for Quincy.
D)Rhonda doesn't handle stress well and she gets very upset with change.Now that she is in fourth grade,Rhonda,has attended a total of eight schools.

Question 64

According to Baumrind's framework,which parent has an authoritarian parenting style?

A)Malik allows his daughter free reign of the house.
B)Ping has rigid household rules,and allows no exceptions.
C)Olivero rarely knows where his daughter is.
D)Sofia's rules vary,depending on the situation.

Question 65

The text author believes contemporary parents should offer children lots of _____.

A)love
B)rules
C)discipline
D)instruction

Question 66

Which is NOT a bottom-line message of the text's parenting-styles discussion?

A)Parenting styles can vary from child to child.
B)Parenting styles differ,depending on the environment.
C)Authoritarian parents are happy with their childrearing.
D)In the United States today,it's best to offer children lots of love.

Question 67

"Children's temperament shapes parenting styles." This statement would be made by a(n)_____.

A)psychoanalyst
B)behaviorist
C)behavioral-genetics researcher
D)Eriksonian

Question 68

In determining a person's parenting style,all of these questions are relevant EXCEPT:

A)What is this child's temperament?
B)Is this child growing up in a dangerous society?
C)Is this child growing up in India?
D)Is this child growing up in a two-parent family?

Question 69

Which is NOT a take-home message from the text's parenting-styles discussion?

A)Parents vary their styles from child to child.
B)Parenting styles vary,depending on the environment.
C)Understand the parents' situation and thinking before judging their childrearing.
D)Never make judgments about parents' childrearing styles.

Question 70

According to Baumrind's framework,which parent is LEAST likely to have a well-adjusted child?

A)Morty allows his daughter complete freedom,but offers unconditional love.
B)Nadine is extremely strict,allowing no deviation from "the rules."
C)Oswald rarely knows where his 9-year-old daughter is;when she comes home,he doesn't care.
D)Daphne requires her son to call if he is going to be home late,and wants homework done before dinner.

Question 71

Professor Adachi is giving a lecture on the qualities that promote resilience.Which statement is she LEAST likely to make?

A)"It helps to be optimistic and be able to regulate your emotions."
B)"It helps to have a caring relationship with at least one adult."
C)"It helps to have superior intellectual skills or a special talent."
D)"It helps to have brothers and sisters."

Question 72

Carla grew up in a war-torn country,witnessed violence,and lost her beloved father when she was 10 years old.Which is NOT a quality that might help promote resilience in Carla?

A)She is mellow and can regulate her emotions.
B)Carla is extremely close to her mom.
C)This child has many siblings.
D)Carla is genetically "immune" to stress.

Question 73

According to the research,which family is MOST likely to adopt a permissive parenting style?

A)the Raga's,who live in India
B)the Smith's,whose child has a chronic disease
C)the Sullivan's,whose daughter has serous emotional problems
D)Mellissa,who is a single parent

Question 74

Which child is MOST likely to be resilient?

A)Eloise,whose parents abandoned her,but who has close,caring relationships with relatives
B)Francois,who frequently gets into fights,has alienated the class
C)Gemma,who has lived through a series of tragedies within a short time
D)Hasad,who has trouble managing his emotions,frequently changes schools

Question 75

Talia grew up in an impoverished home and was abused as a child.Yet now,she has a loving,successful marriage,and a middle-class life.The developmental science label for Talia is _____.

A)responsible
B)resolved
C)resilient
D)resourceful

Question 76

According to Baumrind's parenting-styles framework,which is the authoritative parent?

A)Martin allows his daughter to set her own bedtime,interrupt conversations,and to take a bath only when she "feels dirty."
B)Ning sets firm rules,makes no exceptions,and wears a shirt that says,"Because I'm the mommy."
C)Salil rarely knows where his 10-year-old daughter is;when she comes home,he doesn't care.
D)Petula insists on bedtime at 10;but she relaxes the rules for special occasions,and offers lots of love.

Question 77

If a family is moving to a dangerous area of the world,the text suggests that it is be BEST to:

A)adopt a more rigid,rule-oriented parenting style.
B)adopt a more laid back,permissive parenting style.
C)keep one's parenting style the same.
D)change one's parenting style with daughters,but not with sons.

Question 78

Which is NOT a valid criticism of Baumrind's parenting-styles framework?

A)Parenting styles can vary from child to child.
B)Parenting styles can differ by culture.
C)Authoritarian parenting styles are need more in dangerous environments.
D)There is no correlation between parenting styles and a child's success.

Question 79

All are "take-home messages" from the resilience research EXCEPT:

A)People are genetically prone to be either more (or less)resilient.
B)People can be resilient in the face of totally overwhelming life stress.
C)Resilience depends on both internal qualities and the environment.
D)Resilience depends on having at least one loving attachment figure.

Question 80

Which parenting inconsistency is the WORST for children's well-being?

A)Mom is strict and dad is permissive (or vice versa).
B)The parents' household rules unpredictably change.
C)Parents are strict in certain areas and permissive in others.
D)Each inconsistency is equally "bad" for children.