Deck 13: Later Life: Cognitive and Socioemotional Development

Question 1

The _____ age at which half the population is younger and half is older,is rapidly rising in the industrialized world.In Germany,Italy,and Japan,it will soon be well into middle age.

A)mean
B)median
C)average
D)modal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sarah is trying to remember what she ate for dinner last Friday when her husband took her to a restaurant.According to the memory-systems perspective,this information is in Sarah's _____ memory.

A)episodic
B)semantic
C)declarative
D)short-term

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sean is 82-years old.Developmentalists classify Sean as:

A)old-old.
B)young-old.
C)elderly.
D)frail.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Rajivini's husband of 50 years has recently died.Her children have been encouraging her to attend temple,and she has agreed.If she is like many widows,Rajivini may:

A)attend temple more often during the first months of widowhood,and then decrease to her former level.
B)attend temple more and more frequently for the rest of her life.
C)stop attending temple after a couple of visits.
D)search for a new religion.

Question 5

Glen,age 65,is convinced that at his age,he is destined to have neural loss and brain deficits,so he stops trying to remember new names.Glen has problems with:

A)memory self-efficacy.
B)genetic entities.
C)motivational interviewing.
D)socioemotional selectivity.

Question 6

According to the information-processing perspective,older people have all of the following problems EXCEPT:

A)difficulty in selectively attending to information.
B)deficits in working memory.
C)frontal lobe impairments.
D)deterioration of procedural memory.

Question 7

In Erik Erikson's model of psychosocial development,the final milestone,_____,occurs when a person reviews and makes peace with life.

A)industry
B)integrity
C)autonomy
D)basic trust

Question 8

Jeannie has always been someone who could divide her attention very well.For example,she could talk on the telephone while preparing dinner,and do half a dozen other things at the same time.Jeannie is now in her elderly years.According to the text,Jeannie MOST likely has:

A)maintained this ability.
B)permanently lost this ability.
C)forgotten how to do most of these activities.
D)temporarily lost this ability,but can regain it if she practices daily.

Question 9

The elevated risk of death that occurs among men after a spouse dies is called the _____ effect.

A)continuing bonds
B)widowhood mortality
C)morbidity
D)irreversibility

Question 10

Which memory system is preserved the longest,even into Alzheimer's disease?

A)semantic memory
B)procedural memory
C)episodic memory
D)periodic memory

Question 11

Given recent advances in life expectancy,as of 2015,people who live to be 65 years old can expect to live about _____ more years.

A)6
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 12

_____ are most vulnerable to suicide.

A)Old-old widowed men
B)Old-old widowed women
C)Young-old married men
D)Young-old married women

Question 13

The brain's "master planner," responsible for executive functions such as selective attention,is located in the _____ lobes.

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 14

Compared to younger people,older people tend to:

A)be better at shutting out upsetting stimuli.
B)have trouble regulating their emotions.
C)focus on sad events instead of happy events.
D)perform poorly at emotion management tasks.

Question 15

Longitudinal research suggests that widowed people:

A)initially turn to family,and then later reach out to friends for support.
B)initially turn to friends,and then later reach out to family for support.
C)typically withdraw from the world.
D)rarely turn to religion for support.

Question 16

The idea that the amount of time that a person has left to live changes priorities and social relationships is the basic premise of _____ theory.

A)self-efficacy
B)immediacy
C)prioritization
D)socioemotional selectivity

Question 17

A psychologist is evaluating Karl.As part of the evaluation,the psychologist asks Karl some basic factual questions such as "Who was the first U.S.President?" The psychologist is testing Karl's _____ memory.

A)episodic
B)declarative
C)procedural
D)semantic

Question 18

A widowed person's sense of the deceased spouse's presence "in spirit" is called:

A)continuing bonds.
B)emerging bonds.
C)medium spouse.
D)spousal presence.

Question 19

Which group could use interventions to improve memory self-efficacy?

A)young people only
B)older people only
C)people of any age
D)mostly women

Question 20

In Erik Erikson's model of psychosocial development,the consequence of a failure to reach _____,when a person has serious regrets about his or her life.

A)integrity is despair
B)generativity is shame
C)integrity is isolation
D)generativity is despair

Question 21

The vast majority of people in their eighties are unhappy and socially isolated.

Question 22

People over 65 selectively focus on depressing events.

Question 23

According to socioemotional selectivity theory,older adults are highly motivated to meet interesting strangers and make new friends.

Question 24

Soon,people can expect the average age of retirement to decline.

Question 25

The key to improving memory is to continually go over material in one's mind.

Question 26

Older adults perform better on memory tasks when they have to recall information quickly.

Question 27

Developmentalists now divide elderly people into the young-old,people who are still working,and the old-old,people who are retired.

Question 28

Most people who retire go back to work for at least some time.

Question 29

The average baby boomer has enough assets to retire at age 65.

Question 30

Social Security provides an ample financial cushion for older people.

Question 31

According to socioemotional selectivity theory,when people realize their future is limited,they focus on making the most of every moment.

Question 32

Procedural memory-the ability to "remember" to perform well-learned skills-can be retained even into Alzheimer's disease.

Question 33

Age discrimination is rare since laws forbid that practice at work.

Question 34

Most people who retire at age 66 get depressed.

Question 35

The median age of the population is rising in most of the developed world.

Question 36

A widowed woman's family relationships determine how well she copes with losing a spouse.

Question 37

After being widowed,sadness and depression are the primary emotions people feel.

Question 38

According to the text,all of the following are recommendations for ways to respond to a bereaved person EXCEPT:

A)expressing care and concern.
B)listening openly.
C)providing a great deal of advice.
D)giving emotional support.

Question 39

Memory of basic facts is called semantic memory.

Question 40

Memory of the ongoing events in life is called episodic memory.

Question 41

Which quality does NOT differentiate the young-old from the old-old?

A)health
B)wealth
C)happiness
D)U)S.location

Question 42

Every bereaved person benefits from joining a widowhood support group.

Question 43

The stereotype that people treated the elderly better in the past is:

A)false.
B)true,worldwide.
C)true,but only in China.
D)true,but only in hunter-gatherer societies.

Question 44

Which three nations have the "oldest" populations?

A)Italy,Japan,and Germany
B)China,the United States,and Russia
C)Sweden,China,and Russia
D)China,Japan,and India

Question 45

Which is the oldest nation,population-wise?

A)China
B)the United States
C)Italy
D)Egypt

Question 46

Which is NOT an explanation for why the median age (the age at which half the population is older and half is younger)has increased dramatically in the developed world?

A)Life expectancy has risen.
B)People have children at younger ages.
C)Birth rates are declining.
D)The baby boom generation has entered later life.

Question 47

Negative ideas about older adults are:

A)normal worldwide.
B)only held by the young.
C)a sign of emotional problems.
D)only apparent in the United States.

Question 48

If an elderly person describes old age as a time of physical and mental loss,this person MOST likely:

A)is always seriously depressed.
B)has the same feelings as many older adults.
C)is usually wrong.
D)has a serious chronic disease.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a contradiction about old-age?

A)The young-old are very different from the old-old.
B)Some older people are active and healthy,while others are frail and impaired.
C)While we equate aging with mental and physical decline,we also gravitate to the elderly for positive traits.
D)Ageism exists only among the young,not the old.

Question 50

In polls,most adults see the elderly as _____.

A)wise
B)angry
C)unhappy
D)mean

Question 51

If a 70-year-old says,"I won't be as happy in five years as I am today," this person MOST likely is:

A)seriously depressed.
B)reacting like many people that age.
C)lying.
D)suffering from a chronic disease.

Question 52

The young-old are in their sixties,and the old-olds are _____.

A)over 68
B)over 70
C)in their late 70s and older
D)over 90

Question 53

In Sarasota,Florida,a visitor might find all of the following EXCEPT:

A)more residents in their seventies and above.
B)people who say those in their sixties are relatively young.
C)residents who see "later life" as starting at an older age.
D)mostly midlife adults.

Question 54

Widowed men who live alone are at high risk for suicide.

Question 55

Italy has an especially high proportion of _____.

A)large families
B)older people
C)people in their twenties
D)babies

Question 56

Estrela asks,"Why are there so many older people in the United States?" When answering Estrela,which is NOT a force that a developmentalist should mention?

A)"Life expectancy has risen."
B)"The baby boomers are entering later life."
C)"Fertility rates are dropping."
D)"Minorities now live just as long as whites."

Question 57

Which stereotype about the elderly is TRUE?

A)People treated the elderly better in the "good old days."
B)People see the elderly as wise.
C)In China,people feel much better about old age than do people in the West.
D)Young people are especially negative about old age.

Question 58

Who is guilty of ageism?

A)Western adults
B)young people
C)old people
D)everyone

Question 59

Why is the median age (the age at which half the population is older and half is younger)rising in the developed world?

A)The baby boom generation is dying off.
B)Fertility is declining and the baby boomers have entered later life.
C)Birth rates are going up.
D)Life expectancy is decreasing.

Question 60

If Dr.Demography is discussing the median age,she means the age at which:

A)half the population is older and half is younger.
B)people reach middle age.
C)the number of people in the middle of the population.
D)half the population is richer and half is poorer.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a good memory tip for older people?

A)Avoid situations where you need to remember something fast.
B)Avoid getting depressed.
C)Assume that your memory is just as good as when you were young.
D)Use mnemonic techniques such as conjuring up a visual image.

Question 62

Most people begin to worry that their memory has significantly declined when they reach their _____.

A)thirties
B)fifties
C)seventies
D)eighties

Question 63

Which question should appear on an "intensity of ageism" questionnaire?

A)Are you terrified of physical and mental decline?
B)Are you below age 35?
C)What is your ethnicity?
D)Were you raised in a collectivist culture?

Question 64

Age differences in performance are SMALLEST when young and elderly people take _____.

A)multiple-choice tests
B)short-answer tests
C)fill-in-the-blank tests
D)timed tests

Question 65

Victor says,"In the past,people revered the elderly." After reading this chapter,how should a student respond?

A)"Wrong! Every culture looks down on people who have the frailties of old age."
B)"Wrong! Every culture looks down on people once they reach a certain age."
C)"That depends on the society."
D)"Yes,that's absolutely correct."

Question 66

All are difficult memory challenges EXCEPT:

A)memorizing material while talking on a cell phone.
B)remembering where you heard some bit of information.
C)memorizing material under a time limit.
D)recognizing the correct answer on a multiple-choice test.

Question 67

If a friend posts photos on-line of some guests at recent party,it is easiest to remember:

A)having seen those specific people at the party.
B)the names of those people at the party.
C)what time at the party you saw those people.
D)what those specific people were talking about at the party.

Question 68

If a classmate brags that she can be on social media during lectures and never miss anything the teacher says,she is:

A)mistaken.
B)correct,but only if she really has practiced that skill.
C)correct,but only if she is under 25.
D)correct,but only if she is particularly gifted intellectually.

Question 69

On easy memory tasks,older people perform:

A)almost as well as the young.
B)far worse than the young.
C)better than the young.
D)better or worse than the young,depending on the test.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a good memory suggestion for older people?

A)Don't tax your brain by trying to memorize material.
B)Avoid situations where you have to remember something fast.
C)Try not to memorize something while you are doing something else.
D)Avoid distractions when you need to remember something.

Question 71

Neuroscientists find that when older adults memorize easy material,they activate _____ regions of the brain.

A)larger
B)smaller
C)curvier
D)no

Question 72

Age losses on the most difficult memory tests begin in the _____.

A)late twenties
B)forties
C)fifties
D)sixties

Question 73

Which memory task is virtually impossible for older people?

A)memorizing something while simultaneously monitoring something else
B)recognizing faces
C)memorizing names
D)following directions

Question 74

Which memory situation is easiest?

A)recognizing a person in a picture
B)remembering where you met a person in a picture
C)remembering the name of a person in a picture
D)remembering on what day you met a person in a picture

Question 75

Tasks involving divided attention impair memory _____.

A)at every age
B)by middle age
C)in old age
D)unless people practice multitasking

Question 76

In giving difficult,timed memory tasks to older adults,neuroscientists find _____ activation.

A)intense frontal-lobe
B)minimal frontal-lobe
C)very intense parietal-lobe
D)minimal parietal-lobe

Question 77

When a 30-year-old and 70-year-old make a memory mistake,what do people tend to think?

A)The older adult is "mentally declining";the young person has too much on his or her mind.
B)Both adults are mentally declining.
C)Both adults have too much on their mind.
D)The 30-year-old is "mentally declining";the 70-year-old has too much on his or her mind.

Question 78

According to the information-processing perspective,which is NOT an age-related force that impairs memory?

A)The executive processor doesn't work as well.
B)Poor focusing ability causes irrelevant thoughts to intrude.
C)Neural deterioration has occurred in the frontal lobes.
D)Mnemonic techniques don't work.

Question 79

Regularly texting and checking the Internet during class lectures make test performance:

A)worse.
B)unchanged,as multitasking is "easy" for kids who have grown up in the digital age.
C)better,as it helps to focus the mind.
D)unchanged if students have already practiced that ability.

Question 80

Which memory task does NOT involve divided attention?

A)memorizing this chapter in Experiencing the Lifespan while talking on a cell phone
B)memorizing this chapter in Experiencing the Lifespan while watching TV
C)memorizing this chapter in Experiencing the Lifespan while taking notes in a biology lecture
D)daydreaming about something you read in Experiencing the Lifespan while driving home