Deck 7: Cognitive Development Ii: Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities

Question 1

Amy is age 5 and about to be given the Stanford-Binet. At what age level would she begin?

A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 4 years
D) 5 years
E) 6 years

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A nine-month-old baby is asked to put cubes in a cup and a 17-month-old baby is asked to stack three cubes. These children are probably being given the

A) Stanford-Binet.
B) WISC-IV.
C) PPVT.
D) Bayley Scales.
E) KABC.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following individuals created the first modern intelligence test?

A) Flavell and Piaget
B) Sternberg
C) Terman
D) Binet and Simon
E) Gardner

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following subtests of the WISC-IV is a perceptual reasoning test?

A) digit span
B) vocabulary
C) general information
D) similarities
E) block design

Question 5

A one-year-old child is delayed in her motor development. Which test would be most appropriate for this child?

A) KABC
B) WISC-IV
C) Bayley Scales of Infant Development
D) Stanford Binet
E) Raven's Progressive Matrices

Question 6

Which of the following would be taken by 17-year-old Kelly?

A) KABC
B) PPVT
C) WISC IV
D) WPPSI-III
E) SAT

Question 7

Which of the following resembles the type of questions found on the test developed by Binet and Simon?

A) "Can you touch your nose?"
B) "Do you like school?"
C) "Are you happy or sad?"
D) "Do you like your brother or sister?"
E) "What do you want to be when you grow up?"

Question 8

Who translated and revised Binet and Simon's test for use in the United States?

A) Simon
B) Terman
C) Wechsler
D) Piaget
E) Sternberg

Question 9

All of the following are types of questions on the Wechsler tests EXCEPT

A) vocabulary.
B) perceptual reasoning.
C) processing speed.
D) working memory.
E) emotional stability.

Question 10

Mariano has been shown a rectangle with a pattern covering all but a small part of it. He is asked to choose from six different patterned pieces the one that will fill in the rectangle. Mariano is taking which test?

A) WISC-IV
B) Stanford Binet
C) Denver Developmental Screening Test
D) Raven's Progressive Matrices
E) Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Question 11

Anita has an IQ of 65. This indicates that she is

A) mildly retarded.
B) severely retarded.
C) dull normal.
D) superior.
E) gifted.

Question 12

Frank has an IQ of 97. He would be classified as

A) learning disabled.
B) gifted.
C) mentally retarded.
D) average.
E) superior.

Question 13

The intelligence tests used most frequently by psychologists are the revised versions of the

A) Denver Developmental Screening Test, WPPSI-III, and the WISC IV.
B) Terman Tests of Intellect, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
C) Stanford-Binet, the WPPSI-III, and the WISC IV.
D) Denver Developmental Screening Test, the Terman Tests of Intellect, and the WPPSI-III.
E) Bayley Scales of Infant Development, WPPSI-III, and Stanford-Binet.

Question 14

Which child would be tested with the WISC-IV?

A) 3-year-old Brian
B) 5-year-old Lucinda
C) 9-year-old Fran
D) 17-year-old Jonathan
E) 19-year-old Willie

Question 15

It is important for test makers to restandardize the intelligence tests periodically because

A) the contents of the tests vary widely from year to year.
B) IQ test scores have been rising steadily over the past 50-60 years.
C) the average child today can solve fewer problems.
D) the emphasis on rote learning has increased.
E) children are less responsive to the test than in the past.

Question 16

An IQ score of 90 for a ten-year-old girl means that she

A) scored 90 percent correct on the test.
B) is better than 90 percent of all nine-year-olds taking the test.
C) would be considered to be of average intelligence.
D) has an IQ in the 90th percentile.
E) is below average.

Question 17

The formula that was originally used to calculate the IQ was

A) (CA/MA) × 100 .
B) (MA/CA) × 100.
C) MA × (CA/100).
D) (CA × MA) × 100.
E) IQ-MA/CA × 100.

Question 18

Who created the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence?

A) Simon
B) Terman
C) Wechsler
D) Piaget
E) Sternberg

Question 19

Binet and Simon's test of intelligence included tasks involving all of the following EXCEPT

A) vocabulary.
B) comprehension of facts.
C) mathematical reasoning.
D) verbal reasoning.
E) emotional maturity.

Question 20

Ninety-six percent of all children will achieve IQ scores between

A) 10 and 100.
B) 70 and 130.
C) 85 and 115.
D) 95 and 105.
E) 100 and 115.

Question 21

Which of the following indicates whether a test is measuring what it is intended to measure?

A) validity
B) reliability
C) standardization
D) norm
E) consistency

Question 22

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are used to

A) predict later IQ.
B) predict future school success.
C) identify developmental delays.
D) identify giftedness.
E) measure emotional development.

Question 23

IQ tests are reasonably good measures of

A) creativity and street smarts.
B) the ability to read social cues.
C) underlying competence.
D) skills needed for success in school.
E) interpersonal skills.

Question 24

At the end of the school year, Theresa takes a test to measure how much she has learned. What type of test is this?

A) aptitude
B) screening
C) IQ
D) perceptual
E) achievement

Question 25

Correlations between adjacent year Binet or WISC-IV IQ scores in middle childhood are in the range of

A) .20 to .30.
B) .30 to .40.
C) .50 to .60.
D) .65 to .80.
E) .90 to 1.00.

Question 26

College aptitude tests, such as the SAT, were designed to measure ________ but actually measure ________.

A) intelligence; aptitude
B) achievement; aptitude
C) developed abilities; performance
D) inherited competencies; performance
E) aptitude; intelligence

Question 27

It is most realistic to say that IQ tests measure a child's ________ at the time the test is taken.

A) performance
B) basic capacity
C) underlying competence
D) metacognition
E) consistency

Question 28

A study of middle class children found that the average IQ score of children rises as the education of ________ rises.

A) both parents
B) the father
C) the mother
D) siblings
E) all family members

Question 29

The intelligence test developed by Binet and all subsequent IQ tests have been designed to

A) measure achievement.
B) evaluate inherited traits.
C) predict emotional status.
D) predict school performance.
E) measure innate aptitude.

Question 30

Your child has been administered the Bayley Scales and has achieved a very high score. What can you predict about your child's adolescent IQ based on her score on the Bayley Scales?

A) It will be well above average.
B) It will be approximately one-half of the Bayley score.
C) Little can be predicted from the Bayley score.
D) Your child will be below average in intelligence.
E) It will be double the Bayley score.

Question 31

Rey's IQ scores have fluctuated over the years. At what age will his IQ scores be most stable?

A) age 3
B) age 5
C) age 7
D) age 9
E) age 12

Question 32

Infant IQ scores on tests like the Bayley, given at 12 months of age, ________ with IQ scores on the Binet at 4 years of age.

A) are strongly and positively correlated
B) show correlations of about .20 to .30
C) correlate negatively in the range of -.70 to -.90
D) show zero correlation
E) are in exact agreement

Question 33

The original idea behind the development of the IQ test was to measure a child's

A) actual learning.
B) physical performance.
C) nonverbal processing.
D) basic capacity.
E) behavioral tendencies.

Question 34

Intelligence tests were intended to measure ________, while achievement tests were designed to measure ________.

A) competence; performance
B) knowledge; aptitude
C) performance; competence
D) aptitude; competence
E) competence; knowledge

Question 35

According to the results of a French study of adopted children, we would expect the highest IQs in children from parents of ________ social class adopted by parents of ________ social class.

A) low; moderate
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) high; high
E) moderate; high

Question 36

Billy took the WISC IV when he was age 8 and again at age 9. The correlation between these two scores is most likely to be around

A) .20.
B) .30.
C) .60.
D) .80.
E) 1.00.

Question 37

Children born to poverty-level parents who were adopted into middle-class families typically have IQs that are

A) identical to those of their natural parents.
B) 10 to 15 points higher than their adoptive mothers.
C) 10 to 15 points higher than their birth mothers.
D) identical to those of their adoptive parents.
E) not related to either set of parents.

Question 38

Carrie's intelligence test score should correlate with her grades in school or performance on other school tests between

A) .20 and .30.
B) -.10 and -.30.
C) -.45 and -.60.
D) .45 and .60.
E) .60 and .85.

Question 39

Research on the effect of social class on IQ has shown

A) a cumulative deficit; social class differences widen with age.
B) a social class effect on infant scales only.
C) no difference in IQ based on social class.
D) a decreasing effect of social class after the grade school years.
E) no specific social class effects.

Question 40

Research on intelligence across ethnic and social class within the United States indicates that

A) IQ predicts performance only among middle-class children.
B) intelligence adds to a child's resilience.
C) there are genetically programmed differences in IQ.
D) intelligence is a poor predictor of academic performance.
E) social class and ethnicity determines intelligence.

Question 41

Which child's family is most likely to emphasize academic achievement?

A) LaShawn, who is African American
B) Sue Lin, who is Japanese American
C) Mikki, who is German American
D) Diana, who is Caucasian
E) Juanita, who is Hispanic

Question 42

The reaction range for IQ is estimated to be about ________ points.

A) 10 to 12
B) 15 to 20
C) 10 to 20
D) 20 to 25
E) 30 to 35

Question 43

Characteristics of a family that affect one child but not others in the household is termed the ________ environment.

A) shared
B) nonshared
C) heredity range
D) reaction range
E) sibling

Question 44

The view that IQ scores are largely a function of heredity but supported by the environment reflects Aslin's concept of

A) maintenance.
B) facilitation.
C) attunement.
D) induction.
E) accommodation.

Question 45

One lasting effect of Head Start is

A) children believe in their ability to reach educational goals.
B) sustained increase in IQ scores well into adolescence.
C) improved parent-child interaction.
D) increased community involvement in adolescence.
E) decreased incidence of ADHD.

Question 46

Research has shown that ____________________ is more important than family income in determining a child's IQ.

A) sibling's IQ.
B) good nutrition.
C) limited television viewing.
D) quality of parent-child interactions.
E) activity level.

Question 47

Studies show that when children who attend Head Start programs are compared during elementary school or high school with children from similar backgrounds who did not attend Head Start, the children with the special preschool experience are more likely to

A) be assigned to regular classes in school.
B) be held back at least a year in elementary school.
C) have lower mathematics scores.
D) drop out of school.
E) fail to graduate from high school.

Question 48

Research into racial differences in intellectual performance has shown consistently higher performance on achievement tests, particularly math and science, by children who are

A) Puerto Rican and Cuban.
B) Asian and Asian American.
C) African American.
D) of European heritage.
E) Native American.

Question 49

Which of the following 8-year-old children is most likely to have the highest IQ?

A) Charlie, who is Asian American
B) Rex, who is from France
C) Jorge, who is Mexican American
D) Juanita, who is Puerto Rican
E) Marietta, who is Italian American

Question 50

Differences in average IQ test scores between African American and Caucasian children become apparent at about the age of ________ years.

A) 1 or 1-1/2
B) 2 or 3
C) 4 or 5
D) 6 or 7
E) 13 or 14

Question 51

Results of early intervention studies with children from poverty-level families whose mothers had low IQ scores support the conclusion that

A) at least 50 percent of IQ is inherited.
B) heredity has a significant effect on IQ.
C) environment has no real effect on IQ.
D) early intervention is only effective when children have well-educated mothers.
E) intervention must provide consistent frequent stimulation.

Question 52

The success of infant intervention programs such as Ramey's is attributed in part to the

A) inclusion of many middle-class families.
B) consistent, frequent stimulation provided.
C) emphasis on doing well on achievement tests.
D) emphasis on memory and attentional tasks.
E) educational level of the teachers.

Question 53

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the impact of Head Start?

A) There is a gain of about ten points during the year of Head Start.
B) The impact becomes greater each year throughout grade school.
C) There is no noticeable gain in IQ, but social skills improve.
D) Head Start children tend to drop out of school because they expect failure.
E) The label of being a Head Start child carries a negative affect throughout school.

Question 54

A family is made up of four children (James, Jennifer, John, and Jane). Which child is likely to have the lowest IQ?

A) James, who is the oldest
B) Jennifer, who was born one year after James
C) John, who was born four years after Jennifer
D) Jane, who was born one year after John
E) They will all have similar IQs.

Question 55

Jesse attended Head Start; therefore we would expect that he will be

A) more likely placed in a special education class.
B) more likely to repeat at least one grade.
C) less likely to graduate from high school.
D) less well adjusted to school.
E) healthier and have all his immunizations.

Question 56

When compared to non-preschool peers, poor children with preschool experience

A) function better in school.
B) test dramatically higher.
C) differ at least 10 points in IQ.
D) exhibit more aggressive behaviors.
E) have unrealistic expectations.

Question 57

Although the IQs of African American children are 10 to 12 points lower than those of Caucasian children, the difference is within the reaction range of IQs. This indicates that the difference could be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) low birth weight.
B) inadequate nutrition.
C) high blood levels of lead.
D) parents who do not read to their children.
E) genetic programming.

Question 58

Even though intelligence is heritable, the person's score within the ________ is determined by the environment.

A) cumulative deficit
B) reaction range
C) heredity range
D) mental operation
E) intelligence quotient

Question 59

The results of the Perry Preschool Project in Milwaukee indicate that as young adults, those who had attended the Project

A) had a lower high school graduation rate.
B) had higher rates of unemployment.
C) were more likely to be on welfare.
D) had poorer social skills.
E) had lower rates of criminal behavior.

Question 60

Given the recent research in racial differences in math and science achievement test scores, we would expect which child to have the highest score?

A) Keith, who is Caucasian
B) Kim, who is Asian-American
C) Consuela, who is Mexican American
D) Takeesha, who is African-American
E) Natasha, who is Eastern European

Question 61

Informing children about the purpose of an intelligence test and allowing them to practice on each type of problem-solving task before testing them is called

A) culture fair testing.
B) stereotype threat.
C) reliability testing.
D) validity assessment.
E) dynamic assessment.

Question 62

If you were to visit classrooms in the United States, Japan, and Taiwan, you would expect to see teachers in which country spending 91 percent of the time on group instruction?

A) United States
B) Japan
C) Taiwan
D) both Japan and Taiwan
E) both Taiwan and the United States.

Question 63

Studies of adopted African American children show that those who are adopted into white families, compared to those adopted into middle class African American families, have

A) higher average IQs.
B) lower average IQs.
C) equivalent IQs.
D) equivalent IQs, but do better in school.
E) a wide range of IQs.

Question 64

Boys show greater coherence in brain functions in areas devoted to spatial tasks. This supports which explanation of sex differences in spatial abilities?

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) learning
D) cultural
E) social

Question 65

Which of the following individuals developed a triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Binet
B) Gardner
C) Skinner
D) Sternberg
E) Piaget

Question 66

Tests of mental rotation given to preschool children indicate that the sex difference

A) is substantial and becomes larger with age.
B) decreases with age.
C) favors girls up until high school.
D) favors boys until adolescence, when girls catch up.
E) is very slight and decreases with age.

Question 67

When Julie gets high grades in math class, her parents are most likely to attribute her success to

A) natural ability.
B) good luck.
C) inherited skills.
D) competence.
E) hard work.

Question 68

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of teachers in the United States and Asian countries?

A) Asian teachers shift tasks more frequently.
B) U.S. teachers spend the least time in group instruction.
C) Asian teachers emphasize innate ability.
D) U.S. teachers have higher expectations for children.
E) Asian teachers give more concrete rewards.

Question 69

Planning, organizing, and remembering facts to apply to new situations is characteristic of which type of intelligence?

A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) experiential
E) componential

Question 70

US parents and teachers tend to emphasize _______________, while Asian teachers and parents emphasize ________________.

A) innate ability; effort
B) effort; innate ability
C) luck; hard work
D) hard work; luck
E) intellectual skills; social skills

Question 71

Compared to elementary school girls, boys

A) are better at verbal tasks.
B) have lower scores on tests of spatial visualization.
C) perform poorly on mental rotation measures.
D) are better at mathematical reasoning.
E) are more skilled in reading and writing.

Question 72

Which of the following components of Sternberg's triarchic theory is correctly matched with the skills it includes?

A) creative - "street smarts"
B) componential - adapting, modifying, and figuring out one's environment
C) analytical - skills measured on IQ and achievement tests
D) practical - insight, creativity
E) experiential - skills related to IQ test results

Question 73

Kanisha and Terrence are African American children. Kanisha was adopted into a middle class white family, and Terrence was adopted into a middle class black family. Research on adopted African American children would predict all of the following EXCEPT

A) Kanisha will stay more focused on tasks.
B) Terrence would be more willing to try a difficult task.
C) Kanisha will have a higher IQ score.
D) Terrence will ask for help more often.
E) Terrence will give up more easily on difficult tasks.

Question 74

Which individual is most likely to experience stereotype threat?

A) Dorothy, who is 14 and taking a history test
B) Terrell, who is African American and playing football
C) Roberto, who is 70 and taking a memory test
D) Roger, who is 19 and taking a science course
E) Margo, who is 17 and applying for college

Question 75

Research on speed of information processing has found that it is

A) negatively related to IQ.
B) linked to central nervous system functioning.
C) related to higher IQs in children but not adults.
D) a function of better athletic performance.
E) not related to IQ.

Question 76

Which of the following researchers has argued that the differences between Asian and American children in performance on mathematics achievement tests result from cultural emphasis on the importance of academic achievement?

A) Sternberg
B) Zajonc
C) Maccoby
D) Stigler and Stevenson
E) Ramey

Question 77

A mother who emphasizes effort, expects high academic achievement, and finds ways to motivate her child to do schoolwork is MOST likely to be

A) Asian.
B) Caucasian.
C) African American.
D) Native American.
E) Hispanic.

Question 78

Max has scored high on a traditional IQ test, therefore he would be most likely to score high on a test of ________ intelligence.

A) practical
B) analytical
C) creative
D) contextual
E) experiential

Question 79

Research by DeLoache as well as Campione and Brown indicates that a key dimension of individual differences in intelligence is

A) race.
B) gender.
C) flexibility.
D) age.
E) persistence.

Question 80

In the industrialized world, tests of intelligence look very much like

A) projective tests.
B) unreliable tests.
C) invalid tests.
D) aptitude tests.
E) achievement tests.