Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

The function of the root hair plexus is to _ .

A)allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
B)serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed
C)bind the hair root to the dermis
D)cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sudoriferous sweat)glands are categorized as two distinct types.Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

A)sebaceous and merocrine
B)holocrine and mammary
C)eccrine and apocrine
D)mammary and ceruminous

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is _.

A)fatty substances,proteins,antibodies,and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins
B)primarily uric acid
C)metabolic wastes
D)99% water,sodium chloride,trace amounts of wastes,and vitamin C

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In addition to protection physical and chemical barrier),the skin serves other functions.Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

A)It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
B)The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
C)It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
D)It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.

Question 5

The dermis .

A)lacks sensory corpuscles and glands
B)has two layers
C)is an avascular connective tissue layer
D)is where melanocytes are found

Question 6

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot,which cells would be damaged?

A)basale
B)lucidum
C)spinosum
D)granulosum

Question 7

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes .

A)maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature
B)provide the melanocyte with a protective shield against abrasion
C)accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion,forming a UV- blocking pigment layer
D)maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules

Question 8

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

A)Basal cell carcinoma
B)Adenoma
C)Squamous cell carcinoma
D)Melanoma

Question 9

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

A)Krause's end bulbs
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Meissner's corpuscles
D)free nerve endings

Question 10

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

A)free nerve ending
B)Pacinian corpuscle
C)Meissner's corpuscle
D)Ruffini body

Question 11

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except .

A)cortex
B)medulla
C)cuticle
D)external root sheath

Question 12

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well- being.Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

A)The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum,as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments.
B)The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it.
C)Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum,a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.
D)Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.

Question 13

The gland is a modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax.

A)eccrine
B)mammary
C)apocrine
D)ceruminous

Question 14

Although the integument is a covering,it is by no means simple,and some of its functions include .

A)cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high- temperature conditions
B)resident macrophage- like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
C)epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir
D)the dermis providing the major mechanical barrier to chemicals,water,and other external substances

Question 15

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels.The superficial surface has structures called:

A)dermal papillae.
B)hair follicles.
C)reticular papillae.
D)ceruminous glands.

Question 16

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance.Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

A)It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin.
B)The skin appears to have an abnormal,yellowish tint.
C)The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.
D)Black- and- blue marks become evident for no apparent cause.

Question 17

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

A)the size and number of hair follicles
B)nutrition and hormones
C)age and glandular products
D)sex and hormones

Question 18

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells,each layer with a distinct role to play in the health,well- being,and functioning of the skin.Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

A)stratum corneum
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum lucidum
D)stratum basale

Question 19

Apocrine glands,which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence,seem to play little role in thermoregulation.Where would we find these glands in the human body?

A)in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
B)beneath the flexure lines in the body
C)in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis
D)in the axillary and anogenital area

Question 20

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.

A)Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant.
B)Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.
C)Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum.
D)Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Question 21

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

A)the reticular layer
B)the hypodermal layer
C)the papillary layer
D)the subcutaneous layer

Question 22

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?

A)Kinky hair has flat,ribbonlike hair shafts.
B)Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin.
C)Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair.
D)Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair.

Question 23

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that .

A)the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus
B)it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock
C)it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock
D)the major part of its makeup is adipose,which serves as an effective shock absorber

Question 24

An epidermal dendritic cell is a specialized _.

A)melanocyte
B)squamous epithelial cell
C)phagocytic cell
D)nerve cell

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are?

A)Fingernails are derived from osseous tissue.
B)Fingernails are extensions of the carpal bones.
C)Fingernails are a separate tissue from the skin,formed from a different embryonic layer.
D)Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis.

Question 26

What is the first threat to life from a massive third- degree burn?

A)infection
B)unbearable pain
C)loss of immune function
D)catastrophic fluid loss

Question 27

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because .

A)the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one- tenth that of the head hair follicle
B)eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months
C)hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length
D)they grow much slower

Question 28

Male pattern baldness has a genetic switch that turns on in response to .

A)size
B)weight
C)age
D)male hormones

Question 29

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin epidermis)through the process of .

A)utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis
B)filtration
C)diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis
D)absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin

Question 30

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

A)levator folliculi
B)arrector pili
C)arrector integument
D)arrector folliculi

Question 31

A summertime golden bronze tan may not be a tan at all,especially if the skin appears almost metallic bronze; it may be the result of disease.

Question 32

Acne is a disorder associated with .

A)ceruminous glands
B)sebaceous glands
C)Meibomian glands
D)sweat glands

Question 33

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints,footprints,and fingerprints.Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges?

A)Identical twins do not have the same pattern of ridges.
B)They are genetically determined,therefore unique to each person.
C)Because we are constantly shedding epithelial cells,these ridges are changing daily.
D)Every human being has the same pattern of ridges.

Question 34

burns injure the epidermis and the upper regions of the dermis.

Question 35

Keratinocytes are an important epidermal cell because they .

A)are a powerful defense against damaging UV rays
B)are able to reproduce sporadically as needed
C)produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties
D)are able to transform from living cells to plasma membranes and still function

Question 36

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

A)The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color.
B)Carotene,which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue,is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.
C)Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion,which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.
D)The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells,which help to activate the immune system.

Question 37

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum.The secretion of sebum is stimulated .

A)by hormones,especially androgens
B)as a protective coating when one is swimming
C)by high temperatures
D)when the air temperature drops

Question 38

Sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body.Which of the following is correct?

A)Eccrine are the most numerous,being found primarily in the axillary regions.
B)Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen,which is thought to deter insects.
C)Mammary glands are not considered a modified sweat gland.
D)Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine,and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin.

Question 39

The integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis.Which of the following cells serve this function?

A)cells found in the stratum spinosum
B)tactile cells
C)macrophages called epidermal dendritic cells
D)keratinocytes,because they are so versatile

Question 40

The dermis is a strong,flexible connective tissue layer.Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

A)goblet cells,parietal cells,and Kupffer cells
B)fibroblasts,macrophages,and mast cells
C)monocytes,reticulocytes,and osteocytes
D)osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and epithelial cells

Question 41

are pigment- producing cells in the epidermis.

Question 42

Why are the apocrine sweat glands fairly unimportant in thermal regulation?

Question 43

Why is skin not considered a heat barrier for the body?

Question 44

Cradle cap in infants is called .

Question 45

Name the layers of the epidermis in order from the surface down.

Question 46

There are several reasons other than genetics for hair loss.Identify some of these other factors.

Question 47

The coarse hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called hair.

Question 48

Why is profuse sweating on a hot day good,and yet a potential problem?

Question 49

What complications might be anticipated from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces?

Question 50

Why should incisions be made parallel to cleavage lines produced by collagen fiber bundles rather than perpendicular to the lines?

Question 51

The only place you will find stratum is in the skin that covers the palms,fingertips,and soles of the feet.

Question 52

The layer of the epidermis immediately under the stratum lucidum in thick skin is the stratum _ .

Question 53

The are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause goose bumps.

Question 54

The white crescent portion of the nail is called the _ _.

Question 55

What is the function of skin dermal folds and deep skin creases?

Question 56

Billions of consumer dollars are spent for deodorants and antiperspirants each year.Explain the production of body odors frequently associated with axillary skin.

Question 57

Balding men have tried all kinds of remedies,including hair transplants,to restore their lost locks.Explain the cause of male pattern baldness.

Question 58

In addition to the synthesis of vitamin D,keratinocytes are able to carry out some other biologically important functions.Name at least two of these other functions.

Question 59

How are burns classified? Give an example.

Question 60

What are vellus hairs?

Question 61

The dermis is composed of the reticular and _ layers.