Deck 2: Chemistry Comes Alive

Question 1

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?

A)Fe
B)P
C)I
D)Na

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?

A)promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
B)prevent accidental,premature,or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains
C)aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
D)act as a biological catalyst
E)help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living systems.

A)glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
B)glucose to CO2 and H2O
C)H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
D)ADP + Pi to make ATP

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
B)Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions.
C)Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.
D)Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.

Question 5

An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of _ electrons.

A)3
B)8
C)17
D)13

Question 6

Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?

A)protein
B)nucleic acid
C)monosaccharide
D)polysaccharide

Question 7

Select the statement about mixtures that is correct.

A)Suspensions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more components.
B)Suspensions can change reversibly from liquid to solid.
C)A solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities.
D)Solutions contain particles that settle out in time.

Question 8

What happens in redox reactions?

A)the reaction is always easily reversible
B)the electron donor is reduced
C)both decomposition and electron exchange occur
D)the electron acceptor is oxidized

Question 9

An example of a coenzyme is .

A)iron
B)zinc
C)riboflavin vitamin B2)
D)copper

Question 10

Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell- O® and .

A)urine
B)toenails
C)blood
D)cytosol

Question 11

Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?

A)catalytic proteins
B)regulatory proteins
C)molecular chaperones
D)structural proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

A)NH3 + H+ -NH4+2
B)HCl -H+ + Cl-
C)NaOH -Na+ + OH-
D)HCl + NaOH -NaCl + H2O

Question 13

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

A)TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA.
B)Three forms exist: DNA,RNA,and tDNA.
C)RNA is a long,single- stranded molecule made up of the bases A,T,G,and C.
D)DNA is a long,double- stranded molecule made up of A,T,G,and C bases.

Question 14

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3- .

A)a bicarbonate ion
B)a proton donor
C)common in the liver
D)a weak acid

Question 15

What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

A)primary structure
B)tertiary structure
C)secondary structure
D)quaternary structure

Question 16

Salts are always .

A)single covalent compounds
B)hydrogen bonded
C)double covalent compounds
D)ionic compounds

Question 17

The chemical symbol O=O means _ .

A)both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit
B)this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons
C)zero equals zero
D)the atoms are double bonded

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

A)Some types are called enzymes.
B)Their function depends on the three- dimensional shape.
C)They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.
D)They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.

Question 19

In general,the lipids that we refer to as oils have .

A)a high water content
B)a high degree of unsaturated bonds
C)long fatty acid chains
D)a high degree of saturated bonds

Question 20

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being _ .

A)basic
B)acidic
C)neutral
D)slightly acidic

Question 21

is fat soluble,produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation,and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

A)Vitamin K
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin A
D)Cortisol

Question 22

What does CH4 mean?

A)This was involved in a redox reaction.
B)This is an inorganic molecule.
C)There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
D)There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

Question 23

What is a chain of 25 amino acids called?

A)polypeptide
B)protein
C)starch
D)nucleotide

Question 24

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of an)reaction.

A)reversible
B)synthesis
C)decomposition
D)exchange

Question 25

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are .

A)carbon,oxygen,phosphorus,calcium
B)sodium,potassium,hydrogen,oxygen
C)nitrogen,hydrogen,calcium,sodium
D)carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen

Question 26

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?

A)2:1
B)1:1
C)3:1
D)4:1

Question 27

Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction?

A)time
B)temperature
C)particle size
D)concentration

Question 28

Which statement about enzymes is false?

A)Enzymes are composed mostly of protein.
B)Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
C)Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
D)Enzymes are organic catalysts.

Question 29

The single most abundant protein in the body is .

A)glucose
B)collagen
C)hemoglobin
D)DNA

Question 30

Which of the following is not an electrolyte?

A)H2O
B)HCl
C)NaOH
D)Ca2CO3

Question 31

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

A)All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
B)Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.
C)Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
D)All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.

Question 32

Heat shock proteins hsp)are a type of protein called .

A)cofactors
B)coenzymes
C)eicosanoids
D)chaperones

Question 33

Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.

A)are very stable and insoluble in water
B)are cellular catalysts
C)are usually called enzymes
D)rarely exhibit secondary structure

Question 34

In a DNA molecule,the phosphate serves .

A)to hold the molecular backbone together
B)to bind the sugars to their bases
C)as nucleotides
D)as a code

Question 35

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first,second,and third energy levels,respectively.On this basis,which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

A)2
B)2,8,8
C)2,8
D)2,8,1

Question 36

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of .

A)triglycerides
B)glucose
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen

Question 37

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

A)There are 6 calcium,12 hydrogen,and 6 oxygen atoms.
B)There are 12 hydrogen,6 carbon,and 6 oxygen atoms.
C)The substance is a colloid.
D)The molecular weight is 24.

Question 38

Atom X has 17 protons.How many electrons are in its valence shell?

A)7
B)10
C)3
D)5

Question 39

Sucrose is a .

A)disaccharide
B)monosaccharide
C)polysaccharide
D)triglyceride

Question 40

Which of the following describes coenzymes?

A)metal ions
B)enzymes that work together
C)organic molecules derived from vitamins
D)two enzymes that perform the same function

Question 41

What is a dipole?

A)a type of bond
B)a type of reaction
C)a polar molecule
D)an organic molecule

Question 42

A holoenzyme is composed of an apoenzyme and an).

Question 43

Weak acids and bases make good _ .

Question 44

What advantages does ATP have in being the energy currency molecule?

Question 45

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

A)sodium
B)hydrogen
C)potassium
D)nitrogen

Question 46

What does the polar end of a phospholipid contain?

Question 47

What properties does water have that make it a very versatile fluid?

Question 48

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with .

A)the release of energy
B)the consumption of energy
C)forming a larger molecule
D)a synthesis

Question 49

Are all chemical reactions reversible? If not,why aren't they all reversible?

Question 50

Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.

A)Exergonic reactions release more energy than they absorb.
B)A key feature of the body's metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic reactions by the body.
C)Endergonic reactions absorb more energy than they release.
D)In chemical reactions,breaking old bonds requires energy and forming new bonds releases energy.

Question 51

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

A)37 protons and 37 electrons
B)37 electrons
C)74 protons
D)37 protons and 37 neutrons

Question 52

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

A)reactivity
B)cushioning
C)high heat capacity
D)high heat of vaporization
E)polar solvent properties

Question 53

An amino acid may act as a proton acceptor or donor.Explain.

Question 54

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

A)NaCl
B)CH4
C)H2O
D)NaOH

Question 55

Which of the following is true regarding the concentration of solutions?

A)Percent solutions are parts per 1000 parts.
B)To calculate molarity,one must know the atomic number of the solute.
C)To calculate molarity,one must know the atomic weight of the solvent.
D)Molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution.

Question 56

How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?

Question 57

In liquid XYZ,you notice that light is scattered as it passes through.There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker,though it has been sitting for several days.What type of liquid is this?

A)solution
B)mixture
C)colloid
D)suspension

Question 58

Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three- dimensional shape?

A)Oxygen
B)Amino acid
C)Hydrogen
D)Carbon

Question 59

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the .

A)arrangement of the histones
B)three- dimensional structure of the double helix
C)sequence of the nucleotides
D)regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules

Question 60

Which of the following does not describe the ATP molecule?

A)pigments
B)chemical work
C)transport
D)mechanical work

Question 61

Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy.

Question 62

A chemical bond never occurs in a mixture.Discuss this.

Question 63

How can phospholipids form a film when mixed in water?

Question 64

When a set of electrodes connected to a lightbulb is placed in a solution of dextrose and a current is applied,the lightbulb does not light up.When the same unit is placed in HCl,it does.Why?

Question 65

Protons and electrons exist in every atom nucleus except hydrogen.Is this statement true or false and why?

Question 66

What is the major difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Question 67

In the compound H2CO3,what do the numbers 2 and 3 represent?

Question 68

The atomic number is equal to the number of .

Question 69

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants,while is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

Question 70

Describe the factors that affect chemical reaction rates.

Question 71

In a DNA molecule,guanine would connect to _.

Question 72

Explain why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible.

Question 73

Hydrogen bonds are more like a type of weak than true bonds.

Question 74

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible.Comment on this statement.

Question 75

An atom with three electrons would have a valence of .

Question 76

What happens when globular proteins are denatured?

Question 77

AB -A + B is an example of an)reaction.