Deck 1: The Human Body: an Orientation

Question 1

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

A)Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two.
B)Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart,and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.
C)Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
D)Serosa are very thin,double- layered structures.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains .

A)the lowest possible energy usage
B)a relatively stable internal environment,within limits
C)a dynamic state within an unlimited range
D)a static state with no deviation from preset points

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _ .

A)blood calcium level regulation
B)body temperature regulation
C)regulating glucose levels in the blood
D)enhancement of labor contractions

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability.This refers to .

A)the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
B)the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
C)indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
D)sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Question 5

What is a vertical section through the body,dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

A)median
B)frontal
C)sagittal
D)transverse

Question 6

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis,then the wall thermostat would be the _ _.

A)control center
B)effector
C)receptor
D)variable

Question 7

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane .

A)lining the thoracic cavity
B)covering individual lungs
C)covering the heart
D)lining the abdominal cavity

Question 8

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be an).

A)complex tissue
B)organ
C)complex cell
D)organ system

Question 9

What is the specific name for the hip region?

A)pedal
B)manus
C)coxal
D)inguinal

Question 10

Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following?

A)gross,regional,dissection,and surface
B)gross,macroscopic,visual,and microscopic
C)gross,regional,systemic,and surface
D)regional,surface,visual,and microscopic

Question 11

Which body cavity protects the nervous system?

A)dorsal
B)thoracic
C)vertebral
D)cranial

Question 12

An oblique cut is one that is cut .

A)vertical right and left
B)perpendicular to vertical and horizontal
C)diagonally between the vertical and horizontal
D)horizontal right and left

Question 13

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

A)two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
B)any sagittal plane except the median
C)a transverse cut just above the knees
D)any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior

Question 14

The anatomical position is used .

A)as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
B)as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen
C)rarely,because people don't usually assume this position
D)only when a body is lying down

Question 15

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

A)liver
B)intestines
C)stomach
D)appendix

Question 16

What is a vertical section through the body,dividing it into left and right,called?

A)sagittal
B)regional
C)transverse
D)frontal

Question 17

cavities are spaces within joints.

A)Orbital
B)Nasal
C)Oral
D)Synovial

Question 18

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

A)maintenance of boundaries
B)decay
C)responsiveness to external stimuli
D)movement

Question 19

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

A)brain
B)liver
C)intestines
D)lungs

Question 20

The term pollex refers to the .

A)calf
B)thumb
C)great toe
D)fingers

Question 21

The heart lies in the cavity.

A)dorsal
B)superior mediastinal
C)pericardial
D)pleural

Question 22

Average body temperature is _ degrees centigrade.

A)37
B)47
C)98
D)68

Question 23

What is the main,general purpose of negative feedback?

A)to control all body system tissues
B)to keep the body's sugar high
C)to maintain homeostasis
D)to regulate excretion

Question 24

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

A)thoracic cavity
B)vertebral cavity
C)cranial cavity
D)spinal cord

Question 25

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli?

A)muscular
B)nervous
C)lymphatic
D)immune

Question 26

What is the posterior side of the patella called?

A)popliteal
B)antecubital
C)crural
D)sural

Question 27

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1.molecules
2)atoms
3)tissues
4)cells
5)organ

A)2- 1- 4- 3- 5
B)2- 1- 3- 4- 5
C)1- 2- 4- 3- 5
D)1- 2- 3- 4- 5

Question 28

Which term means toward or at the back of the body,behind?

A)anterior
B)distal
C)dorsal
D)lateral

Question 29

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of _ _.

A)responsiveness
B)maintaining boundaries
C)excretion of metabolic waste
D)metabolism

Question 30

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

A)cardiovascular anatomy
B)systemic anatomy
C)cardiovascular physiology
D)systemic physiology

Question 31

In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A)right lower
B)left upper
C)right upper
D)left lower

Question 32

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

A)Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
B)It is considered the cause of most diseases.
C)Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
D)The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Question 33

Select the most correct statement.

A)Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues,but not both.
B)The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
C)The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
D)Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.

Question 34

Histology would be best defined as a study of .

A)the gross structures of the body
B)cell chemistry
C)tissues
D)cells

Question 35

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body,accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight,is .

A)hydrogen
B)protein
C)water
D)oxygen

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

A)Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
B)Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
C)Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
D)Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.

Question 37

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is anatomy.

A)gross
B)developmental
C)systemic
D)microscopic

Question 38

In which cavities are the lungs located?

A)mediastinum,thoracic,and ventral
B)pericardial,ventral,and thoracic
C)pleural,dorsal,and abdominal
D)pleural,ventral,and thoracic

Question 39

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except .

A)body erect
B)palms turned posteriorly
C)thumbs pointed laterally
D)arms at sides

Question 40

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

A)Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
B)Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C)Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
D)Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

Question 41

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable in an automobile accident?

Question 42

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

Question 43

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

Question 44

is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Question 45

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Question 46

Why is anatomical terminology necessary?

Question 47

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Question 48

Similar cells that have a common function are called .

Question 49

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range?

Question 50

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called .

Question 51

What does gross anatomy study?

Question 52

The cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear.

Question 53

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Question 54

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

Question 55

Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life- sustaining rates?

Question 56

The term that describes the back of the elbow is .

Question 57

The five cavities of the head are cranial,oral,nasal,middle ear,and .

Question 58

What is the function of the serous membranes?

Question 59

The elbow is ___________ to the wrist.

Question 60

The term that describes the heel region is .

Question 61

physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.

Question 62

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?

Question 63

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Question 64

What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

Question 65

Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.

Question 66

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.

Question 67

Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?

Question 68

Which cavity contains the bladder,some reproductive organs,and the rectum?

Question 69

The higher we go in the mountains,the greater the atmospheric pressure,which causes a loss of oxygen.Comment on this statement.