Deck 2: The Systems of the Body

Question 1

The gene for has been identified. This allows for at-risk individuals to be tested to ascertain whether they are carriers of this hereditary disorder characterized by chronic physical and mental deterioration due to damaged brain cells.

A) epilepsy
B) Huntington's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) myasthenia gravis
E) multiple sclerosis

Answer 1

Huntington's disease

Question 2

The nervous system is chiefly responsible for body; whereas the endocrine system governs mainly _ responses to changes in the
______ responses.

A) fast-acting, short-duration; slow-acting, long-duration
B) slow-acting, long-duration; fast-acting, short-duration
C) complementary; antagonistic
D) slow-acting, short-duration; fast-acting, long-duration
E) fast-acting, long-duration; slow-acting, short-duration

Answer 2

fast-acting, short-duration; slow-acting, long-duration

Question 3

Regulation of the autonomic nervous system occurs via the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The prevalence of is expected to rise to affect over 100 million people worldwide by the year 2050.

A) AIDS
B) heart disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
E) arthritis

Question 5

The nervous system as a whole consists of the ________ and the _.

A) sensory nervous system; motor nervous system
B) brain; spinal cord
C) sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
D) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
E) somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system

Question 6

John does not have smooth motor coordination. His rigid, slow movements are accompanied with tremors. John's condition is known as _.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) epilepsy
C) cerebral palsy
D) multiple sclerosis
E) Alzheimer's disease

Question 7

The endocrine system is responsible for fast-acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body.

Question 8

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with impaired

A) speech recognition.
B) muscular coordination.
C) visual acuity.
D) respiration.
E) speech production.

Question 9

The peripheral nervous system consists of the ________ and the _.

A) somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system
B) central nervous system; somatic nervous system
C) central nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
D) brain; spinal cord
E) central nervous system; sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Type I diabetes

A) typically occurs after age 40.
B) disproportionately affects white males.
C) is primarily managed through dietary and exercise regimens.
D) is a condition that occurs when the body fails to produce enough insulin.
E) is a condition that occurs when the body is not sufficiently responsive to insulin.

Question 11

The structures of the limbic system play an important role in stress and emotional responses.

Question 12

Catecholamines are

A) specific genes.
B) neural receptors.
C) found only in the central nervous system.
D) secretions of the limbic system.
E) neurotransmitters.

Question 13

Secretion of catecholamines

A) regulates sodium retention.
B) increases heart rate and blood pressure.
C) stimulates digestion.
D) increases protein and fat mobilization.
E) dilates blood vessels.

Question 14

The release of steroids via the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

A) glucocorticoids.
B) thyrotropic hormone (TSH).
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D) vasopressin.
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 15

Mark has been preparing for his graduate school entrance exam for several weeks and is very nervous about how he will perform. In addition to this stress, his girlfriend Jasmine is getting concerned that Mark has not been able to perform in the bedroom lately either. Mark's sexual difficulties due to stress are likely due to the involvement of his _ in the stress response.

A) parietal lobe
B) limbic system
C) adrenal medulla
D) pituitary gland
E) hypothalamus

Question 16

The is an important transition centre between the thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex of the brain and their impact on internal organs.

A) hindbrain
B) medulla
C) forebrain
D) primary somatic sensory cortex
E) hypothalamus

Question 17

Blood supply to Marsha's brain was interrupted during her birth because of which she lacks control of her muscles. Marsha has _ _.

A) myasthenia gravis
B) cerebral palsy
C) multiple sclerosis
D) Parkinson's disease
E) epilepsy

Question 18

The nervous system connects the central nervous system with all internal organs.

A) peripheral
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) parasympathetic
E) autonomic

Question 19

is a chronic, nonprogressive disorder of the nervous system that is marked by lack of muscle control.

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Multiple Sclerosis
C) Epilepsy
D) Myasthenia gravis
E) Parkinson's disease

Question 20

The ________ nervous system mobilizes the body in response to stress; the ________ nervous system controls the activities of the visceral organs under normal conditions.

A) sympathetic; parasympathetic
B) sympathetic; peripheral
C) autonomic; peripheral
D) somatic; autonomic
E) parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 21

is chest pain which occurs because the muscle tissue of the heart must continue its activity without a sufficient supply of oxygen or adequate removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A) Arteriosclerosis
B) Angina pectoris
C) Aneurysm
D) Myocardial infarction
E) Phlebitis

Question 22

Arteriosclerosis results when elasticity of arteries decreases making them rigid and hard.

Question 23

Approximately % of Canadians aged 12 and over have hypertension.

A) 14
B) 22
C) 26
D) 10
E) 18

Question 24

Antigens are proteins produced in response to stimulation by antibodies.

Question 25

During ________, blood is pumped out of the heart, and blood pressure _. During ________, blood is taken into the heart, and blood pressure _.

A) systole; increases; diastole; decreases
B) diastole; increases; systole; decreases
C) diastole; decreases; systole; decreases
D) diastole; decreases; systole; increases
E) systole; decreases; diastole; increases

Question 26

Jamie had an outbreak of measles. Her body has now built immunity for measles.

A) specific
B) natural
C) acquired
D) nonspecific
E) artificial

Question 27

Hypertension is caused by

A) being underweight.
B) high cardiac output.
C) consuming a diet rich in protein.
D) exercising too much.
E) meditation.

Question 28

The course of infection follows a specific sequence; that is

A) incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, acute phase, period of decline.
B) acute phase, incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, period of decline.
C) period of nonspecific symptoms, incubation period, acute phase, period of decline.
D) incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, period of decline, recovery.
E) incubation period, acute phase, period of decline.

Question 29

A localized infection

A) is confined to a particular site and does not spread.
B) affects several different areas.
C) is confined to a particular area and sends toxins to other parts of the body.
D) is confined to a particular site at first and then starts spreading to other parts of the body within 48 hours.
E) occurs when the body's resistance is lowered from fighting a primary infection.

Question 30

Nonspecific immunity may be mediated by

A) consuming a healthy diet.
B) antimicrobial substances.
C) having vitamins regularly.
D) vaccinations.
E) inoculations.

Question 31

Atherosclerosis is

A) a type of blood disorder.
B) characterized by a hardening and reduced elasticity of the arterial walls.
C) a nervous system disorder.
D) associated with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
E) a hereditary disease rather than a disease of lifestyle.

Question 32

Humoral immunity is mediated by

A) helper and suppressor T cells.
B) B cells.
C) B cells and helper and suppressor T cells.
D) phagocytosis.
E) T cells.

Question 33

Angina pectoris is most likely to occur when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel and blocks the flow of blood to the heart.

Question 34

Approximately 55% of blood volume is composed of

A) platelets.
B) white blood cells.
C) plasma.
D) hemoglobin.
E) red blood cells.

Question 35

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by

A) NK cells.
B) TC and TH cells.
C) B cells and helper and suppressor T cells.
D) interferon.
E) B cells.

Question 36

Some individuals are unable to produce thromboplastin and fibrin. This condition is associated with a clotting disorder called

A) leukopenia.
B) erythrocytosis.
C) anemia.
D) hemophilia.
E) arteriosclerosis.

Question 37

Conditions associated with diabetes include

A) loss of hair.
B) colour blindness.
C) skeletal system damage.
D) deafness.
E) coronary heart disease.

Question 38

Amy contracted influenza from school where many children in her class have also had the disease. This is an example of transmission.

A) indirect
B) direct
C) chemical
D) mechanical
E) biological

Question 39

Lymphocytes play an important role in fighting infection and disease by

A) producing antibodies that destroy substances through the antigen-antibody reaction.
B) secreting digesting enzymes that dissolve foreign particles.
C) secreting platelets that engulf foreign particles so they may be excreted.
D) producing monoblasts that increase the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
E) carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Question 40

The

A) ventricles
B) arteries
C) atria
D) veins carry blood from the heart to oxygenate other organs and tissues.
E) capillaries

Question 41

Autoimmunity

A) is a condition in which a specific humoral or cell-mediated immune response attacks the body's own tissue.
B) is a viral disorder marked by an unusually large number of monocytes.
C) involves the progressive, chronic enlargement of lymphatic tissue.
D) is acquired through measures such as vaccination.
E) is a condition seen only in women.

Question 42

The spleen

A) produces plasma cells.
B) secretes insulin and bile into the bloodstream.
C) produces red blood cells.
D) aids in the production of B and T cells and filters the blood.
E) produces neurotransmitters and corticosteroids.

Question 43

Compared to women, men are at greater risk of contracting autoimmune disease.

Question 44

The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis most closely resembles the model of stress.

A) primary appraisal
B) fight or flight
C) tend and befriend
D) general adaptation syndrome
E) sympathetic arousal

Question 45

Systemic lupus erythematosus is _.

A) a birth-related disorder
B) an autoimmune disorder
C) an infectious disorder
D) a genetic disorder
E) an age-related disorder

Question 46

The adrenal cortex produces in response to stress.

A) oxytocin
B) ACTH
C) glucocorticoids
D) endogenous opioids
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 47

Autoimmunity may be implicated in

A) typhoid.
B) diabetes.
C) jaundice.
D) arthritis.
E) hypertension.

Question 48

Describe the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Include in your answer the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress.

Question 49

Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress. Support your answer with a
diagram.

Question 50

Inflammation is also implicated in

A) hemophilia.
B) strokes.
C) asthma.
D) leukemia.
E) renal failure.

Question 51

Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Include in your answer the internal and external factors influencing heart rate and their impact on heart functioning.

Question 52

Infectious disorders

A) are not linked to the development of any chronic diseases.
B) that are kept in control through hygiene may have paradoxically increased the rates of these disorders.
C) are acute problems that end when their course has run.
D) are genetic.
E) attack only lymphatic tissue.

Question 53

Infectious disorders

A) do not cause chronic diseases.
B) do not strike in developed nations.
C) may be a result of advanced sanitation and refrigeration.
D) are genetic.
E) can be treated effectively with overdoses of antibiotics.

Question 54

Compare and contrast nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms. Provide at least two examples of each.