Deck 8: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Question 1

Individuals with bulimia nervosa are typically

A) within 10% of their "normal" wieght.
B) very overweight.
C) very underweight.
D) overweight during the development of the disorder but become underweight as the disorder progresses.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most common reason that anorexic individuals generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

A) are ashamed of their disorder.
B) fear that they will be hospitalized.
C) do not truly believe that they are too thin.
D) have little desire for food.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

A) a desire to purge.
B) an overwhelming drive to eat.
C) an overwhelming urge to be thin.
D) a desire to starve oneself.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A common medical complication found in both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is .

A) brittle hair
B) downy hair on limbs
C) electrolyte imbalance
D) cessation of menstrual cycle

Question 5

The most serious medical consequence of bulimia nervosa is potential .

A) electrolyte imbalance
B) salivary gland damage
C) starvation
D) tooth erosion

Question 6

Which of the following diagnoses would require the noticeable loss of weight?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 7

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 8

The most significant feature of bulimia nervosa is .

A) purging
B) overeating
C) overeating followed by an urge to vomit
D) binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

Question 9

When individuals with anorexia nervosa are evaluated over long periods of time, it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is .

A) 20%
B) 5%
C) 2%
D) 40%

Question 10

Approximately of anorexia nervosa deaths are due to suicide.

A) 5-10%
B) 10-15%
C) 20-30%
D) 40-45%

Question 11

Recent research (Eddy, et al., 2002) suggests that the restricting and bingeing/purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa

A) are really different disorders.
B) have completely different causes.
C) show few differences in severity of symptoms.
D) are useless distinctions of the same disorder.

Question 12

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan

A) might be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
B) should be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
C) will not be diagnosed with any disorder because she is of normal weight.
D) cannot be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa because she is not purging.

Question 13

People with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly and ________.

A) body dysmorphic disorder; substance disorders
B) mood disorders; sexual disorders
C) anxiety disorders; mood disorders
D) obsessive compulsive disorder; sexual disorders

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Eating disorders are a way of expressing depression.
B) Eating disorders have a high comorbidity with stress disorders.
C) Depression may be a reaction to bulimia nervosa.
D) 20-40% of all people with bulimia nervosa meet the criteria for a mood disorder during the course of their eating disorder.

Question 15

The strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorders seem to be .

A) genetic
B) psychological
C) somatogenic
D) sociocultural

Question 16

Between 1960 and 1995, most Western countries experienced a dramatic

A) decrease in the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
B) increase in the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
C) increase in the incidence of anorexia nervosa but a decrease in the incidence of bulimia nervosa.
D) increase in the incidence of bulimia nervosa and no change in the rate of anorexia nervosa.

Question 17

After engaging in an extended session of binge eating, Thomas goes to the bathroom and makes himself vomit. He thinks that he has removed all of the food he consumed from his stomach, but in fact he will only have removed around percent of the calories he consumed.

A) one-third
B) one-quarter
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 18

The death rate (including suicide) due to anorexia nervosa is

A) higher than for any other psychological disorder except depression.
B) lower than that of most psychological disorders.
C) higher than that any psychological disorder reviewed in your text.
D) the highest of all of the psychological disorders.

Question 19

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know. You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing. In order to determine this, you would have to know

A) the caloric intake of the foods.
B) whether she is eating junk foods.
C) whether eating gets to be out of her control.
D) the situations under which she eats a great deal.

Question 20

Amy is a young woman who is very competitive and comes from a high achieving, wealthy family. She is very social and likes the fact that she is quite popular. She believes that her popularity is dependent on the weight and shape of her body. Amy has a boyfriend but worries that she may care more about their relationship than he does. The feature that puts Amy most at risk for an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa is her

A) belief that her weight and body shape influence her popularity.
B) belief that her boyfriend cares less about the relationship than she does.
C) successful family.
D) competitive nature.

Question 21

The best evidence that binge-eating disorder (BED) may not just be a special case of bulimia nervosa is that

A) more males than females suffer from BED.
B) no genetic component has been identified for BED.
C) there is a greater likelihood of remission and a better response to treatment for BED.
D) the average age of onset is much younger for BED than it is for bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa.

Question 22

When men are asked to identify the ideal male body, they typically select a body weight that is about

A) equal to their own.
B) 28 pounds more muscular than their own.
C) equal to the average male of their age.
D) 15 pounds lighter than their own.

Question 23

The families of anorexia nervosa patients are typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) open communication.
B) high achievement.
C) perfectionism.
D) concern with external appearances.

Question 24

Studies of foreign-born students who are attending Western universities show that

A) anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa do not occur in students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
B) anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
C) anorexia nervosa, but not bulimia nervosa, has been observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
D) bulimia nervosa, but not anorexia nervosa, has been observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.

Question 25

Dietary restraint studies suggest that people who are starved

A) stop caring about food.
B) may become preoccupied with food and eating.
C) lose interest in food over time.
D) gradually adjust to starvation diets.

Question 26

Which of the teenage girls described below is at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

A) Alice is currently on a diet; her friends also diet aggressively.
B) Sue is of average to slightly above average weight but wants to lose a few pounds.
C) Megan's friends are concerned about the weight she has lost since she began working out with the swim team.
D) Jean has always been fairly thin despite the fact that she eats quite normally.

Question 27

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is

A) lower than the weight identified by men.
B) the same as the weight identified by men.
C) higher than the weight identified by men.
D) 20% lower than their own body weight.

Question 28

Weight reduction efforts by girls tend to result in .

A) overall weight loss
B) overall weight gain
C) no change in weight
D) stunted growth

Question 29

Which of the following might help to explain the vast differences in the incidence of eating disorders among men and women?

A) The influence of behavioral genetics
B) The fact that boys are encouraged to play sports and girls to be active in social functions
C) The fact that puberty brings boys' bodies closer to the societal ideal and girls' bodies further from the societal ideal
D) The differences in the way boys and girls tend to gain weight from overeating

Question 30

Studies suggest that young males would often prefer to be than they are.

A) thinner
B) heavier
C) taller
D) shorter

Question 31

.Mothers of girls with anorexia nervosa tend to be .

A) perfectionistic
B) dieting themselves
C) less satisfied with their families
D) all of the above

Question 32

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa is

A) male homosexuals.
B) female body builders.
C) ballet dancers.
D) female track stars.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Anorexia nervosa typically occurs at a much earlier age than bulimia nervosa.
B) Once bulimia nervosa develops, it tends to be chronic if untreated.
C) Bulimic individuals eventually shift to symptoms of other eating disorders.
D) Bulimia nervosa is more resistant to treatment than anorexia nervosa.

Question 34

The median age of onset for all eating disorders is years of age.

A) 13 to 19
B) 18 to 21
C) 20 to 26
D) 10 to 14

Question 35

The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa are those who are .

A) overweight
B) depressed
C) homosexual
D) only children

Question 36

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that

A) people have become too dependent on media determinations of beauty.
B) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.
C) dieting has become a fad that has been taken to an extreme.
D) society has no business telling us how to define beauty.

Question 37

Binge-eating disorder is characterized by .

A) laxative use
B) purging
C) a lack of compensatory behaviors
D) emaciation

Question 38

Which of the following young women appears to be at the highest risk for developing an eating disorder?

A) Linda, whose mom and dad recently divorced
B) Carla, whose family members always seem to be fighting with each other
C) Sandy, whose family emphasizes achievement, support, and communication
D) Bonnie, whose family is perfectionistic, successful, and eager to maintain harmony

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true about the relationships between the media and attitudes about body shape?

A) Prime-time situation comedies often feature women dieting or complaining about their weight.
B) Most magazine models are thinner than average women.
C) Men on TV are more likely to be overweight than women.
D) The media has no impact on body image.

Question 40

Studies have found that adolescent girls of which race/ethnicity had less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive body image when compared to Caucasian adolescent girls?

A) African Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Native Americans
D) Asians

Question 41

Many clinicians suggest that the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia nervosa, and the part of treatment where many anorexic individuals are not successful, is

A) initial weight gain.
B) admitting that there is a problem and agreeing to begin treatment.
C) changing their attitudes regarding body shape and addressing interpersonal disruptions in their lives.
D) when they become bulimic.

Question 42

An early stage of Phoebe's cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa will likely involve

A) antidepressant medication.
B) family therapy.
C) small, frequent meals.
D) in-patient treatment.

Question 43

With regard to the biological influences of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the most accurate statement is

A) anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are culturally determined and not biologically influenced.
B) the biological influences of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have not been studied.
C) although the studies are still limited, there appears to be some biological influence in the development of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
D) although the studies are limited, there does appear to be a large biological influence for anorexia nervosa and a very small biological influence for bulimia nervosa.

Question 44

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa is that

A) well-controlled studies have not found medication more effective than a placebo.
B) the beneficial effects of the medication may be short-term.
C) side effects make most patients discontinue the medication.
D) patients refuse to take their medication.

Question 45

With respect to eating disorders, drug treatments

A) have not been found to be effective in the treating of anorexia nervosa.
B) had no benefit in preventing relapse in patients with anorexia nervosa.
C) do not have long-lasting effects on bulimia nervosa.
D) all of these

Question 46

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past two months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means

A) her prognosis for a full recovery is very good.
B) she is probably in need of little if any more treatment.
C) she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment.
D) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

Question 47

Matilda has had anorexia nervosa for several years. She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds. A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding

A) attitudes toward body shape and image distortions.
B) negative communications in the family regarding food and eating.
C) dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating.
D) all of these

Question 48

A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nervosa indicates that one year after treatment,

A) CBT was superior to IPT.
B) IPT was superior to CBT.
C) CBT and IPT had equivalent rates of helping clients improve.
D) Neither therapy was successful at helping clients improve.

Question 49

Studies of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa have demonstrated

A) significant short-term gains in reduction of purging, but little change in binge-eating behavior.
B) significant short-term gains in reduction of binge eating but no long-term gains.
C) a few short-term gains in reduction of binge eating and purging but no long-term gains.
D) significant short- and long-term gains in reduction of binge eating and purging.

Question 50

An important aspect of the cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of bulimia nervosa involves

A) changing patients' dysfunctional thoughts regarding their weight and previous weight control strategies.
B) helping the patient's family learn new ways of interacting with each other and with the patient.
C) changing the type and frequency of reinforcement associated with being an identified patient.
D) making sure that the patient has a lot of quiet time where she can be alone.

Question 51

. Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa?

A) Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
B) Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
C) Anti-anxiety medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
D) Anti-psychotic mediations have been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the treatment of binge-eating disorder?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-help appear to be effective.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy appears to be effective but self-help does not.
C) Neither cognitive-behavioral nor self-help appears to be effective.
D) Antidepressant medication is the only proven treatment.

Question 53

Outcome research regarding the long-term success of treatment for eating disorders indicates that

A) anorexia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than bulimia nervosa patients.
B) bulimia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa patients.
C) both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa patients almost always make a full and long-term recovery after treatment.
D) neither anorexia nervosa nor bulimia nervosa patients tend to make long-term recoveries, with most patients going through repeated bouts of these disorders throughout their lives.

Question 54

Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

A) a specific gene for each actual eating disorder.
B) inherited personality traits that may make development of an eating disorder more likely.
C) multiple genes interacting in ways not yet determined that directly produce eating disordered behavior.
D) recessive genes.

Question 55

One intriguing result from the studies comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for bulimia nervosa is the finding that

A) IPT is more effective in the short term but CBT is more effective when we look at how well patients are doing one year following treatment.
B) IPT and CBT appear to be indistinguishable in terms of their effectiveness in the short and long term, despite their very different approaches.
C) IPT is always more effective than CBT.
D) CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment.

Question 56

With regard to drug treatments for bulimia nervosa patients, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Medications have not been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
B) Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
C) Benzodiazipine medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
D) Anti-psychotic medications have been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is TRUE about individuals with an eating disorder?

A) They have a diminished sense of personal control.
B) They may manifest as strikingly low self-esteem.
C) They display more perfectionistic attitudes.
D) All of these statements tend ot be accurate.

Question 58

Research reported in your text conducted by Grilo, Masheb, & Wilson (2006) found that patients with binge-eating disorder who responded rapidly to cognitive-behavioral therapy (by the fourth week) tended to

A) have good responses to therapy both in the short long term.
B) have good short-term responses but show higher rates of long-term relapse.
C) have a difficult time in the short-term but show good long-term responses.
D) relapse almost immediately after treatment was discontinued.

Question 59

With regard to treatment for eating disorders, Prozac is considered to be an effective treatment in the long term for

A) anorexia nervosa but not bulimia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa.
C) both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa .
D) neither anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Question 60

The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with anorexia nervosa is ________________.

A) family acceptance of the problem
B) weight gain
C) balanced diet
D) resolution of family issues

Question 61

The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n) evaluation.

A) polysomnographic
B) actigraphic
C) electromyographic
D) electroencephalographic

Question 62

Bariatric surgery is

A) effective at any weight.
B) more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese.
C) less successful than diet for the very obese.
D) always successful.

Question 63

Seriously obese adolescents are most likely to lose weight with

A) the use of medications.
B) the use of behavioral treatments.
C) the combination of medications and behavioral treatments.
D) the use of surgery.

Question 64

Average weight loss on diet programs such as Atkins and Weight Watchers is .

A) 4-7 pounds
B) 10-15 pounds
C) 20-25 pounds
D) 30 or more pounds

Question 65

Programs that have the best chance of success for preventing eating disorders

A) should be administered to all girls under 15 years of age to prevent the disorder from developing.
B) should be administered to girls under 15 yrs, of age who are concerned about being overweight.
C) should be administered to all girls 15 years of age or older to prevent the disorder from developing.
D) should be administered to girls 15 years of age or older who are concerned about being overweight.

Question 66

As of 2008, the percentage of the adult population of the United States with a body mass index in the obese range was about _.

A) 12%
B) 17%
C) 26%
D) 34%

Question 67

Obesity is the major factor in .

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) anorexia nervosa
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 68

Which of the following genetic factors does NOT contribute to obesity?

A) Number of fat cells
B) Likelihood of fat storage
C) Activity levels
D) Fat cell shape

Question 69

Of the following, the correct pairing is .

A) dyssomnia - sleepwalking
B) dyssomnia - inability to fall asleep
C) parasomnia - waking up after 3 or 4 hours of sleep and then being unable to fall back to sleep
D) parasomnia - lack of REM sleep

Question 70

Sleep research suggests that

A) REM sleep is related to depression.
B) sleep abnormalities follow clinical depression.
C) sleep problems don't predict who is at risk for later mood disorders.
D) sleep deprivation has permanent antidepressant effects on some people.

Question 71

Sleep studies suggest that around 28% of Americans

A) get more than 6 hours of sleep a night.
B) report feeling excessively sleepy during the day.
C) have insomnia.
D) need less than 5 hours of sleep a night.

Question 72

The most successful weight loss programs are

A) commercial self-help plans that limit carbohydrates or calories.
B) self-directed diet plans based on diet books.
C) professionally directed behavior modification programs.
D) hypnosis-based plans.

Question 73

Individuals who feel tired and cranky all day despite falling asleep at a normal hour and awakening at their usual time are most likely suffering from a(n) .

A) parasomnia
B) dyssomnia
C) type of REM sleep deprivation
D) anxiety problem

Question 74

In studies of Internet-based eating disorder prevention programs (Winzelberg et al., 2000) such as the "student bodies program,"

A) the participants showed no beneficial effects.
B) participants reported improvement in body image and decreased drive for thinness.
C) not a single participant has developed symptoms of an eating disorder.
D) the drop-out rate has been extremely high.

Question 75

Surgical treatments are likely to be the

A) first line of treatment for the very obese.
B) last line of treatment for the very obese.
C) treatment of choice for anyone who wants to lose weight.
D) most rare of weight loss treatments.

Question 76

The proposal that we should discuss taxing high calorie, fat, or sugar foods to control obesity has

A) been adopted nationwide.
B) been viewed as a means of deterring unhealthy eating and raising money to combat obesity.
C) been rejected outright as having no possibility of decreasing obesity.
D) thought to benefit the poor more than the well-to-do.

Question 77

One method of preventing obesity that has been suggested is

A) instituting a "Twinkie tax" on all food with a high sugar content.
B) reducing the cost of health foods.
C) taking soda and junk food vending machines out of schools.
D) all of these

Question 78

Individuals with night eating syndrome

A) consume a third of their daily intake after their evening meal.
B) binge during the night.
C) do not wake up while eating during the night.
D) often purge after eating.

Question 79

The intent of taxing the purchase of unhealthy foods would be to

A) make unhealthy foods less attractive to consumers.
B) punish the poor.
C) raise general government revenue.
D) Increase profits for food manufacturers.

Question 80

Lack of adequate sleep has a negative effect on .

A) health
B) productivity
C) clarity of thought
D) all of these choices