Deck 11: Political Crime and Terrorism

Question 1

The _________________,passed in 2001,gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight terrorism.This legislation expanded all traditional tools of surveillance.

Answer 1

Patriot Act

Question 2

The term ______________ is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.

Answer 2

political crime

Question 3

__________________ are armed military bands,typically located in rural areas,that attack military,police and government officials in an effort to destabilize the existing government

Answer 3

Guerillas

Question 4

The ___________________ of terrorist motivation describes the typical terrorist as an emotionally disturbed individual who acts out his or her psychoses within the confines of violent groups.

Question 5

The motivations behind political crimes may stem from ________ or ideological sources.

Question 6

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism;they truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in order to achieve what they see as social improvement.As such,their goal is:

A)revolution
B)conviction
C)pseudo-conviction
D)profit

Question 7

In the "__________" stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal,the individual concludes that the undesirable condition is a product of injustice - that is,it does not apply to everyone.

A)"It's not right."
B)"You're evil."
C)"It's your fault."
D)"It's not fair."

Question 8

If one engages in the crime of _____________,that person obtains information about a government,organization,or society that is considered secret or confidential and does so without the permission of the holder of the information.

Question 9

_________________ is illegal interference with the process on an election.

Question 10

As the only crime contained therein,the United States Constitution defines _________ as levying war against the United States or "…adhering to their Enemies,giving them Aid and Comfort."

Question 11

_______________________ involves groups that engage in violent actions to protect the environment.

Question 12

Some political criminals conceal conventional criminal motivations behind a mask of conviction and altruism.These criminals are particularly dangerous because they convince followers to join them without fully revealing their true motivations.This type of motivation is termed __________________.

Question 13

_________________ is directed at people or groups who oppose the terrorists' political ideology or who the terrorists define as "outsiders" who must be destroyed.

Question 14

Randy Borum's cognitive stages of becoming a political criminal seem similar to what social process theory?

A)differential association theory
B)social bond theory
C)social learning theory
D)neutralization theory

Question 15

Some political criminals are motivated by ______________.They want to threaten an opponent who does not share their political orientation or views.

Question 16

__________________ involves immobilizing a person on his or her back and pouring water over the face and into the breathing passages producing an immediate gag reflex and an experience akin to drowning;the subject believes their death is imminent.

Question 17

What goals do political criminals hope to achieve?

A)profit,respect,and control
B)intimidation,conviction,and revolution
C)equality,acceptance,and respect
D)acceptance,power,and authority

Question 18

__________________ are individuals who take part in a civil war against a sovereign power that holds control of the land or over issues of ideology and power who may rely on violence or nonviolence.

Question 19

Because the concept of political crime is highly subjective,people who some label as terrorists may be viewed by others as:

A)oppressors
B)freedom fighters
C)saviors
D)visionary leaders

Question 20

When spying involves corporations and involves the bribing of employees to reveal trade secrets,the crime is referred to as _____________________.

Question 21

Industrial espionage does not involve:

A)spying on a commercial organization to determine the new direction of a product line
B)bribing employees to reveal trade secrets
C)recruiting agents and inserting them into a target company
D)giving enemies of the U.S.aid and comfort

Question 22

The _____________ view suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of ______________ and failure to maintain the tools to compete in a post-technological society.These terrorists believe a suicide mission will cleanse them of the corruption of the modern world.

A)socialization;disconnection
B)psychological;inadequacy
C)alienation;alienation
D)ideological;self-sacrifice

Question 23

________________________ is an example of a right-wing political group,while _______________________ is a left-wing political group.

A)Ku Klux Klan;Aryan Nation
B)Black Panther Party;The Weathermen
C)Aryan Nation;Black Panther Party
D)The Weathermen;Ku Klux Klan

Question 24

Armed military bands that attack military,police and government officials in an effort to destabilize the existing government are known as:

A)revolutionaries
B)terrorists
C)insurgents
D)guerillas

Question 25

While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably,a terrorist has a/an _______focus and a guerilla has a/an ________ focus.

A)ideological - political
B)urban - rural
C)political - ideological
D)rural - urban

Question 26

When a repressive government regime forces its citizens into obedience,oppresses minorities,and stifles political dissent,it is considered:

A)retributive
B)nationalist
C)revolutionary
D)state-sponsored

Question 27

______________________ are perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve in an effort to maintain governmental power or to uphold the race,class,and gender advantages of those who support the government.

A)Industrial espionage and treason
B)Insurgencies
C)State-corporate crimes
D)State political crimes

Question 28

An act is considered __________________ when it carries with it the intent to disrupt and change the government and emphasizes violence as a mechanism to promote change.

A)terrorism
B)espionage
C)treason
D)revoluntionary

Question 29

This type of terrorist group uses violence to frighten those in power with the aim of replacing the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A)nationalist terrorists
B)political terrorists
C)revolutionary terrorists
D)retributive terrorists

Question 30

Which of the following is not true with regard to revolutions?

A)Some revolutions rely on armed force,while others can be nonviolent.
B)It is a civil war fought between nationalists and a sovereign power.
C)The Bolsheviks failed in their mission to overthrow the Czarist government in Russia in 1917.
D)Revolutions have occurred in many countries throughout history.

Question 31

Which of the following is used to produce an immediate gag reflex and an experience akin to drowning in the interrogation of suspected terrorists?

A)eco-terrorism
B)waterboarding
C)rendition
D)Chinese water torture

Question 32

According to _____________________,torture can be justified in order to force a political criminal to reveal the location of an explosive device before it can go off and kill many people.

A)the ticking bomb scenario
B)the U.S.Constitution
C)the USA Patriot Act
D)pseudo-conviction

Question 33

____________ terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious groups,such as the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO),that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland.

A)retributive
B)cult
C)nationalist
D)state-sponsored

Question 34

According to this motivational view,terrorists have been raised to hate their opponents and learn at an early age that they have been victimized by some oppressor.

A)socialization view
B)alienation view
C)psychological view
D)ideological view

Question 35

?????????????????????_______________ involves obtaining information illegally by covert means,or through threat or payoff people who know the information and will divulge it.
A)Espionage
A)Terrorism

A)Treason
B)Insurgency

Question 36

Election fraud is ___________________ the process of an election.

A)violent disruption of
B)premeditated obstruction of
C)illegal interference with
D)intentional tampering with

Question 37

Under English common law,treason was punishable by being "drawn and quartered." How do many nations punish treason today?

A)by life in prison
B)by imposing the death penalty
C)by deportation
D)by taking away one's citizenship

Question 38

The Earth Liberation Front (ELF)and the Animal Liberation Front (ALF)are examples of what type of terrorist group?

A)retributive terrorists
B)cult terrorists
C)nationalist terrorists
D)eco-terrorists

Question 39

Regardless of what organizational structure is used,most terrorist groups subdivide their affiliates into _________________ for both organizational and security purposes.

A)terror cells
B)insurgents
C)guerillas
D)renditions

Question 40

Insurgents,unlike terrorists,require the support of:

A)a significant portion of the population
B)a country or region's military forces
C)rural guerillas and their militias
D)religious leaders favorable to their cause

Question 41

The USA Patriot Act does all but which of the following?

A)Allows enforcement agencies to monitor cable operators and obtain access to their records and systems.
B)Expands the definition of "terrorism" and enables the government to monitor more closely those people suspected of "harboring" and giving "material support" to terrorists.
C)Gives greater power to the FBI to check and monitor phone,Internet,and computer records without first needing to demonstrate that they were being used by a suspect or target of a court order
D)Provides detainees,enemy combatants and terror suspects greater Constitutional protection.

Question 42

The process of holding and physically abusing enemy agents in secret prisons around the world without the benefit of due process is known as

A)detainment
B)rendition
C)torture
D)terrorism

Question 43

In some third world dictatorships,electoral fraud is the norm and it is common for the ruling party to announce that,after party members counted the votes,that they were returned to office with an overwhelming majority.

Question 44

Which of the following is not a specifically assigned mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?

A)preventing terrorist attacks within the United States
B)reducing America's vulnerability to terrorism
C)expanding surveillance of cyber space to identify terrorists
D)minimizing the damage and recovery from terrorist attacks that occur

Question 45

Which of the following federal level actions was not taken after the attacks of September 11^th?

A)The FBI realigned its priorities
B)A Director of National Intelligence was created.
C)The Department of Homeland Security was created.
D)The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)was dismantled.

Question 46

Robert Hanssen,like Aldrich and Rosario Ames,engaged in the political crime of espionage.

Question 47

Which of the following is not an explanation as to how retributive terror groups use violence to achieve their goals?

A)Terrorists use violence to cause pain,notably casualties to frighten countries and bend their will.
B)Terrorists want to improve the U.S.economy to strengthen its ability to deteriorate international affairs.
C)Violence is used to attract the attention of potential recruits and supporters.
D)Some use violence to pursue their own,often local,goals and only receive some support and encouragement from international terrorist organizations.

Question 48

The crime of treason is the practice of obtaining information about a government,organization,or society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.

Question 49

Which of the following is not among the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission?

A)Create a single agency to screen border crossings.
B)Creation of an investigative agency to monitor all aliens in the United States and to gather intelligence on the way terrorists travel across borders.
C)Tag people who want passports with biometric measures to make them easily identifiable.
D)The expansion of the U.S.Patriot Act to monitor all calls and the Internet for surveillance purposes.

Question 50

The USA Patriot Act,enacted after the terrorist attacks of September 11^th:

A)gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies
B)provided funding for increased military presence in the Middle East
C)outraged the majority of American citizens who demanded its immediate repeal
D)failed to include provision to allow for the monitoring of cable-based records and systems

Question 51

Critics of the USA Patriot Act are concerned that it erodes:

A)international support
B)economic stability
C)military operations
D)civil rights

Question 52

What characteristic is false when describing retributive terrorists?

A)The true target of the terrorist act extends far beyond those directly affected by the attack.
B)Victims are usually selected for their maximum propaganda value.
C)Unconventional military tactics are used,especially secrecy and surprise.
D)Violent actions are undertaken to replace the existing government and for an independent homeland.

Question 53

Among the arguments against the use of torture,which is inaccurate?

A)There is little empirical evidence suggesting that torture provides any real benefits,but much more that suggests it creates serious problems.
B)The use of torture can damage civil rights and democratic institutions.
C)There is a danger that such state-sponsored violence would become calculated and premeditated.
D)The use of torture may cause the general public to sympathize with those who must engage in such behavior to gain information and knowledge to thwart evil intentions.

Question 54

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or their convictions.

Question 55

Which of the following does not fall under the category of political terrorists?

A)Black Panthers
B)Jemaah Islamiyah
C)Aryan Nation
D)Posse Comitatus

Question 56

Policy experts suggest that an effective way to deal with terrorism is to:

A)Increase military presence in countries known to harbor terrorists.
B)Undermine support for terrorism by being a benevolent nation-builder that gives aid to nations housing terror groups.
C)Cut terrorist access to the internet and other forms of communications and message dissemination.
D)Make greater use of military law to convict and sentence apprehended terrorists.

Question 57

The first terrorist activities were committed by members of minority religious groups who engaged in violence to accomplish all but which of the following?

A)Gain the right to practice their own form of religion.
B)Establish the supremacy of their own religion over others.
C)Meet the requirements of the blood-thirsty gods they worshipped.
D)Promote subservience to governmental entities.

Question 58

Political crime undermines existing governments and threatens their survival.

Question 59

Of the many components of the Department of Homeland Security,which does not fall under its responsibilities?

A)Securing our nation's borders and transportation systems.
B)Reducing the loss of life and property and protecting institutions from all types of hazards through an emergency management program.
C)Coordinating intelligence collection with the Border Patrol,Secret Service,and the CIA.
D)Analyzing information from multiple available sources,including the CIA and FBI,in order to assess the dangers facing the nation.

Question 60

The term terrorist first became popular during what event?

A)The French Revolution
B)The assassination of Julius Caesar
C)The American Revolution
D)War of 1812

Question 61

Describe three ways the FBI and Homeland Security have responded to the threat of terrorism.

Question 62

Define what political crime is and provide three reasons why political crime is so subjective in its nature.

Question 63

Identify and explain the four competing views of what motives a terrorist.

Question 64

The use of torture would be an example of a state political crime.

Question 65

The ideological view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of alienation and failure to maintain the tools to compete in a post-technological society.

Question 66

The 1979 transformation of Iran from a constitutional monarchy into an Islamic republic or theocracy is considered an insurgency.

Question 67

Of all state political crimes,the use of torture to gain information from suspected political criminals is perhaps the most notorious.Discuss its justification and the Constitutional arguments of critics who oppose the use of torture and detainment.

Question 68

After the terrorist attacks of September 11^th,the Federal Bureau of Investigation realigned its priorities making the protection of the United States from future terrorist attack its number one priority.

Question 69

The USA Patriot Act constrains all four traditional tools of surveillance - wiretaps,search warrants,pen/trap orders,and subpoenas.

Question 70

When explaining retributive terrorism,it is believed that people who are willing to kill or maim their fellow citizens are likely to be highly susceptible to unquestioning submission to authority.

Question 71

The socialization view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists have been raised to hate their opponents and learn at an early age that they have been victimized by some oppressor.

Question 72

Contemporary terrorism encompasses many different behaviors and goals.Identify and explain the behaviors and goals of three types of contemporary terrorist groups.

Question 73

Terrorists typically have an urban focus and operate in small bands or cadres.

Question 74

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)is an example of criminal terrorism in which what appears to be a politically motivated action may turn out to be merely a crime for profit.

Question 75

Define and explain at least three differences between terrorists,guerillas,insurgents,and revolutionaries.

Question 76

Present and explain the five primary goals of political criminals.

Question 77

Discuss how the recommendation of the 9/11 Commission to centralize intelligence gathering took place.

Question 78

Describe what espionage involves and then distinguish between traditional espionage,industrial espionage,and foreign industrial espionage.

Question 79

Distinguish between treason and espionage.Provide an example of each to demonstrate your understanding of the nuances.

Question 80

Cult terrorists find modern society too complex to understand,they engage in doomsday drills,and may stockpile weapons as a last resort when the hostile world starts closing in and the leader's authority is threatened.