Deck 29: A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

Question 1

A central aspect of globalization since 1945 has been the:

A) expansion of capital,which had been freed for other investment following World War II.
B) rapid expansion in the late 1940s of technology to every corner of the world.
C) population explosion,which created a vast pool of unskilled labors in the Third World.
D) free flow of labor,particularly between former colonies and imperial powers.
E) free flow of information that has allowed for the decrease in political tensions.

Answer 1

free flow of labor,particularly between former colonies and imperial powers.

Question 2

By the late twentieth century,health officials' worries that a disease would spread to epidemic proportions much more quickly due to accelerated rates of travel were confirmed by:

A) SIDS.
B) AIDS.
C) SARS.
D) TARRS.
E) TARP.

Answer 2

AIDS.

Question 3

The internal civil strife of Zaire in the 1990s tempted its neighbors to intervene to get material resources and to settle ethnic differences in their own borders in what has been dubbed:

A) Africa's Open Wound.
B) "Africa's world war."
C) the long night of African agony.
D) the Black man's burden.
E) Africa's Sorrow.

Answer 3

"Africa's world war."

Question 4

The post-World War II arrangements reached by the Allies at Bretton Woods steadily eroded in the late 1960s and effectively ended in 1971,when the United States:

A) refused to endorse the establishment of the World Bank.
B) defaulted on a loan it had guaranteed through the International Monetary Fund.
C) withdrew from membership in NATO following France's lead.
D) withdrew its support for the financial policies of the G-7 countries.
E) abandoned the postwar gold standard and allowed the dollar to range freely.

Question 5

Although there is a sharp divide between the most successful global players and the poorer,disadvantaged states and cultures,the poorer states have been able to respond to a very profitable market in the West in one area of manufacture,that of:

A) illegal drugs.
B) steel.
C) software.
D) motion pictures.
E) pharmaceuticals.

Question 6

The development of the Internet has given rise to a new meaning for the expression:

A) "one world."
B) "global culture."
C) "world culture."
D) "global village."
E) "small world."

Question 7

Although South Africa made a relatively easy transition from apartheid to majority rule,other African countries had a much bloodier path to follow.For example,in the former Belgian colony of _________,over 800,000 Tutsis were slaughtered by the Hutus in a brutal display of ethnic violence.

A) Rhodesia
B) Rwanda
C) Zaire
D) the Congo
E) Zambia

Question 8

During the 1980s,the countries of the Pacific Rim that had developed robust economies and that appeared to have great staying power earned the collective nickname of:

A) "The Elephants."
B) "The Bulls."
C) "The Bears."
D) "The Tigers."
E) "The Pythons."

Question 9

The "neoliberal" economics of the 1970s stressed:

A) budget deficits and free markets with restraints on profit incentives and social welfare programs.
B) free markets and social welfare programs with restraints on budget deficits.
C) profit incentives and social welfare programs with restraints on budget deficits and free markets.
D) profit incentives and budget deficits with restraints on social welfare programs.
E) free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs.

Question 10

Globalization has generated discussions concerning:

A) the nature of citizenship.
B) transnational corporation accountability.
C) the environment.
D) the human cost involved in globalization.
E) all of these

Question 11

To what does the term postcolonial refer?

A) diplomatic efforts by the superpowers to play the interests of newly independent states off those of their former colonizers
B) the vehement nationalism of independence movements in Europe's Asian colonies
C) the many legacies of colonial rule,which have extended well beyond independence
D) the emergence of political and cultural philosophies rejecting the legacies of colonialism
E) the decade following independence when a new nation establishes itself economically

Question 12

Demographic studies indicate that the world's population is:

A) growing rapidly in North America and Europe while shrinking elsewhere.
B) growing rapidly on all continents with isolated pockets of shrinkage.
C) shrinking in North America and Europe while rapidly expanding elsewhere.
D) generally shrinking with isolated pockets of growth.
E) steadily increasing at a fairly constant rate across all continents.

Question 13

How were South African politics decisively transformed in and after 1990?

A) by the brutal spillover of civil wars in neighboring Angola and Zaire
B) by the dramatic example of Rhodesia's transition to minority rule as Zimbabwe
C) by the return to the politics of apartheid that had been eliminated in the 1960s
D) by the cumulative economic effects of sanctions imposed on South Africa by the United States and the Commonwealth during the 1980s
E) by the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela and the legalization of the African National Congress

Question 14

"Globalization" and "internationalization" are not synonymous,as globalization can occur:

A) only between countries with a common language and culture.
B) quite independently of national control.
C) between two or more groups of people,but only in the cultural realm.
D) only under the control of established nation-states.
E) only within a single geographical area.

Question 15

By the late twentieth century,electronic devices had revolutionized the lives of individuals,but none to the degree of:

A) personal computers.
B) mobile phones.
C) handheld organizers.
D) portable CD players.
E) iPods.

Question 16

At its most basic,globalization means:

A) unity and peace.
B) equality of nations and prosperity.
C) sameness.
D) integration.
E) common means of communication.

Question 17

The central aspect of globalization is:

A) the uncertainty of life in the twenty-first century.
B) rapid advances made in medical science toward the end of the twentieth century.
C) the relative free flow of people,money,and ideas around the world.
D) paintings by Salvador Dali and the surrealist school.
E) monetary policy set by the World Bank to allow currency values to float relative to each other.

Question 18

By the turn of the twenty-first century,the largest heavy industrial producer in the world was:

A) China.
B) Germany.
C) Japan.
D) Russia.
E) the United States.

Question 19

One of the major influences in the postcolonial world prior to 1990 was:

A) the availability of capital to develop a country's native industries.
B) a declining birthrate among the developing countries.
C) denial of European markets to their emerging industries.
D) full support by the old colonial powers in their colony's development.
E) the Cold War with its attendant superpower patronage.

Question 20

Although many countries suffered from declining populations in the late twentieth century,the country that took a very sudden and potentially dangerous move in this direction was:

A) Finland.
B) Russia.
C) Great Britain.
D) Germany.
E) the United States.

Question 21

In 1990,Saddam Hussein attempted to restore Iraq's influence and prestige by invading its neighbor:

A) Syria.
B) Kuwait.
C) Iran.
D) Afghanistan.
E) Pakistan.

Question 22

By the 1970s,the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes was:

A) the Cementer,or Fourth Communist International,which had gained a great many followers among the poor in the Middle East.
B) the group of intellectuals and middle-class businesspeople who had been inspired by the United States and its stand against communism.
C) the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasser Arafat and its struggle against Israel.
D) an emerging form of radical Islam,which wanted to see the establishment of religious states.
E) the example set by the Democratic-Islamic of Iran that sent its students to universities throughout the Arab world.

Question 23

Ethnic conflicts that had been dampened for some time were reignited in the 1990s in Indonesia due to:

A) a rapid increase in its standard of living.
B) inflation and unemployment.
C) the conversion of most of the population to Catholicism.
D) prosperity and violent state repression.
E) Christian missionary activity.

Question 24

The two nations that led the world in their economic recovery following World War II were:

A) France and Great Britain.
B) Germany and France.
C) Germany and Japan.
D) Japan and Great Britain.
E) Great Britain and Japan.

Question 25

The Iran-Iraq War was the result,at least indirectly,of:

A) rapidly rising oil prices.
B) the defeat of the Iranian revolution by the shah.
C) the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
D) a failed invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.
E) the end of the Cold War.

Question 26

In the postcolonial world of the 1960s,many in the Islamic world,led by the cleric _________,laid the blame for the moral failure of the Arab world at the feet of the West and centuries of colonial contact.

A) Osama bin Laden
B) Ayman al-Zawahri
C) Raiay ak-Henaten
D) Sayyid Qutb
E) Sayyid al Sistani

Question 27

Egypt and Israel brokered a peace agreement between themselves in 1978 with help from the American president:

A) Ronald Reagan.
B) Jimmy Carter.
C) Gerald Ford.
D) Richard Nixon.
E) George H.W.Bush.

Question 28

One of the first Islamic groups in the 1970s to profess anticolonial politics mixed with works of charity and violently fundamentalist Islam beliefs was:

A) the Islamic Jihad.
B) al Fatah.
C) the Pan-Arab Fundamentalist Movement.
D) al-Qaeda.
E) the Muslim Brotherhood.

Question 29

Prior to the outbreak of the intifada,the Arab nations and Israel had fought _________ wars.

A) four
B) three
C) two
D) one
E) none

Question 30

The Middle East has drawn more attention in recent years due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) the Arab-Israeli conflict.
B) the creation of OPEC.
C) radical Islamic organizations like al Qaeda.
D) Iraq's Islamic Revolution.
E) the invasion of Kuwait.

Question 31

In 1979,twenty-five years after he came to power in a coup,Iran's _________ simply retired from public life and left his country in a power vacuum.

A) Shah Reza Pahlavi
B) Shah Ibn Kampala
C) President Anwar Sadat
D) President Yasser Arafat
E) Prime Minister Menachem Begin

Question 32

In the 1990s,the Islamic government of Iran found its strongest opposition coming from:

A) students and disfranchised service workers.
B) former royalists who wished to see a return of the monarchy.
C) converts to Christianity as a result of missionary work during the 1980s.
D) communists who had remained active after their overthrow in 1979.
E) the fifth column of Iraqis who had infiltrated the country during the Iran-Iraq War.

Question 33

The Islamic cleric,the Ayatollah _________,stepped into the 1979 power vacuum in Iran left by the resignation of the Western-friendly shah.

A) Bashir Gemayel
B) Sayyid al Sistani
C) Shlomo Argov
D) Yitzhak Rabin
E) Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 34

Many of the oil-producing countries of the world organized themselves into a cartel to regulate the production and the pricing of oil: this cartel is called the:

A) Organization of Oil Producing Countries (OOPC).
B) Oil Producing Countries United (OPCU).
C) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
D) Petroleum Producing Countries United (PPCU).
E) Association of Petroleum Exporting Countries (APEC).

Question 35

During the economic prosperity of the 1980s in the Pacific Rim,many countries treated the creation of general economic wealth and prosperity as:

A) a patriotic duty.
B) the right of the wealthiest citizens.
C) the province of private industry.
D) an obligation of the government.
E) an opportunity for all people.

Question 36

The Israeli leader who negotiated the 1978 peace accord was:

A) Menachem Begin.
B) Ariel Sharon.
C) David ben Gurion.
D) Yitzhak Rabin.
E) Benjamin Netanyahu.

Question 37

The Mujahidin were religious fighters who gained their reputation in fighting against:

A) the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
B) the United States in Afghanistan.
C) the British in India.
D) France in Indochina.
E) Iran in the Iran-Iraq War.

Question 38

In the mid-1970s,a long recessionary period in Western economies was triggered by:

A) a collapse of U.S.stock market prices,which was second only to the Crash of 1929.
B) an oil embargo inspired by hardliners among the oil-producing states.
C) a spike in the wholesale price index in the United States.
D) a series of poor harvests in the United States,Western Europe,and the Soviet Union.
E) the collapse of the gold market that resulted in the devaluing of the world's currencies.

Question 39

A good example of the early kind of terrorist organizations formed in the 1960s would be:

A) the Ara Pacis.
B) the Shining Path.
C) the Red Brigades.
D) the Irish Brotherhood.
E) Solidarity.

Question 40

Since 1987,Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank have been carrying on a low-level fight against the Israeli security forces known as the:

A) Mujahidin.
B) Al-Quds.
C) Quemoy.
D) Intifada.
E) al Fatah.

Question 41

Only after the 1980s did terrorist tactics become part of an organized and sectarian warfare.

Question 42

Although an attempt was made following World War I to safeguard individuals against nation-states,nothing was accomplished until the United Nations published the:

A) Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
B) Universal Proclamation on Human Rights.
C) Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Responsibilities.
D) Universal Proclamation of Human Liberty.
E) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Question 43

Globalization is not a new concept; it is merely at a new stage.

Question 44

In reality,very little has changed in the last century for the people of former colonies.

Question 45

Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country with a long tradition of tolerance and pluralism inside the faith.

Question 46

The United States was one of four Western powers to support and aid Saddam Hussein in the war against Iran.

Question 47

Poorer postcolonial regions have found a profitable market in the West through the adoption of illegal forms of commerce.

Question 48

Several international organizations have been founded to monitor the rights of individuals,and among these is:

A) Amnesty International.
B) Greenpeace International.
C) Reporters sans Frontières.
D) the Sierra Club.
E) Médecins sans Frontières.

Question 49

The reclamation of Hong Kong from the British in 1997 was part of a plan to establish semicapitalist commercial zones around major cities in China.

Question 50

Egypt was denounced by Qutb as being morally corrupt due to its high population of Jews,illustrating that anti-Semitism,even in the 1960s,was far from absent in the Arab world.

Question 51

The term checkerboard of poverty and affluence refers to the presence of wealthy countries among poverty-stricken ones.

Question 52

Many young Palestinians turned away from the secular PLO to radical Islam in anger over their elders' failures to provoke revolution and end the continued stalemate in Israel.

Question 53

The powers of the Pacific Rim were given the nickname "the Tigers" for their aggressive economic policies and ability to "pounce" upon open contracts for Western goods due to their cheap labor.

Question 54

On September 11,2001,one of the new terrorist organizations,_________,carried out an attack on the symbolic seat of "globalization," the United States.

A) al-Sistani
B) al-Quds
C) al-Qaeda
D) al-Taliban
E) al- Zawahri

Question 55

Rwanda was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo in order to distance itself from the atrocities committed in that country between the Hutus and the Tutsis.

Question 56

The decisive difference between the "early" terrorist organizations of the 1960s and those that developed in the 1980s and 1990s was that the newer ones were:

A) dedicated to goals aimed at ethnic separatism and purity.
B) committed to the establishment of revolutionary governments in specific countries.
C) committed to a world-ending conflict that would eliminate their enemies and grant themselves martyrdom.
D) dedicated to the establishment of a world government based on the ideas of Karl Marx.
E) wholly committed to the establishment of secular governments in all countries with religious toleration.

Question 57

The contemporary language of human rights is anchored in a tradition of political thought that reaches back to the political philosophy of:

A) Karl Marx.
B) Giuseppe Mazzini.
C) Thomas Jefferson.
D) Edmund Burke.
E) John Locke.

Question 58

In 1979,militant students stormed the American embassy in Iran,taking fifty-two hostages.The deaths of the hostages during the negotiation process resulted in a policy on non-negotiation for all future hostage situations.

Question 59

The terrorist organization al-Qaeda was created by Islamic military leaders who had fought against the foreign occupation of:

A) Pakistan.
B) Uzbekistan.
C) Iran.
D) Iraq.
E) Afghanistan.

Question 60

The recent global economic crisis has sparked new debates in the past few years that have centered on a belief in:

A) free market capitalism.
B) self-regulating markets.
C) private home ownership.
D) centralized national banks.
E) government economic planning.

Question 61

In what ways did the Internet share the features of earlier print revolutions?

Question 62

Explain the evolution of the concept of human rights during the 20th century.

Question 63

Much of the United States' success in Afghanistan in 2001 was due to the collapsed state of the country as a result of the war with Russia and much local hostility to the country's leaders who were unable to restore the nation in the subsequent thirty years after the Soviet withdrawal.

Question 64

How did Cold War politics and divisions impact the Middle East?

Question 65

Al-Qaeda was created by the leaders of the Mujahidin.

Question 66

In what ways were the September 11,2001,attacks on the United States the product of a new brand of terror born from globalization?

Question 67

In what ways did oil give power to the former colonies of the West?

Question 68

How has globalization changed health and medicine in the twenty-first century?

Question 69

What is globalization?

Question 70

What were the effects of independence from colonialism in Africa?

Question 71

How has globalization promoted human rights?

Question 72

Can historians predict the future by studying the past?