Deck 2: Ancient and Contemporary Compositional Theories of Personality

Question 1

Which of these is not one of Hippocrates' four qualities that the universe is made up of?

A) Cold
B) Hot
C) Saturated
D) Dry

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When Galen updated his four humors to the four temperaments, which of these was NOT included?

A) Melancholic
B) Despondent
C) Choleric
D) Sanguine

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cloninger's model of personality suggested that personality traits are based on levels of three neurotransmitters. These are all of the below except

A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) melatonin.
D) norepinephrine.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Hebb, a group of neurons that develop into a functioning unit through repeated stimulation is referred to as what?

A) Cell assembly
B) Neurotransmitters
C) Genomes
D) Telemetry

Question 5

Hamilton suggested inclusive fitness, while Darwin suggested which less broadly defined term?

A) Reclusive fitness
B) Exclusive fitness
C) Individual fitness
D) Group fitness

Question 6

We can reasonably conclude that a dog has a personality, and an amoeba

A) does not.
B) also does.
C) has multiple personalities.
D) shows weak personality traits.

Question 7

Which of these did Wilson NOT use in composing his sociobiology theory of personality?

A) Cultural universals
B) Genes and chromosomes
C) Exclusive fitness
D) Leash principle

Question 8

A person who says that the cause for their alcoholism is in their genes is using which theory of personality?

A) Naturalism
B) Behaviorism
C) Sociobiology
D) Determinism

Question 9

Someone whose personality is described as aloof, apathetic, and cold is demonstrating which temperament?

A) Melancholic
B) Choleric
C) Sanguine
D) Phlegmatic

Question 10

Brain activity has traditionally been measured using

A) non-invasive sensors.
B) telemetry.
C) Electroencephalograms.
D) Autonomic Nervous System.

Question 11

According to Galen, a humor is which of the following?

A) A good joke producing laughter
B) A bodily fluid producing a behavioral trait
C) A bodily fluid producing private responses in the brain
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which of these is not part of Galen's theory of four humors?

A) Black bile
B) Yellow bile
C) Red bile
D) Phlegm

Question 13

When someone is talking about "the total number of genes carried by a species," they are referring to

A) chromosomes.
B) genome.
C) nuclei.
D) None of the above

Question 14

Sociobiology attempts to explain social behaviors in terms of

A) limbic resonance.
B) cell assemblies.
C) cultural universals.
D) genes.

Question 15

Which of these has nothing to do with Edward Wilson?

A) Visual impairment
B) Intellectually animated
C) Walking in straight lines
D) Sensation seeking

Question 16

Researchers can directly measure changes in one's body with a weak electrical current, and measuring changes in conductance when is activated.

A) MRI
B) Electroencephalogram
C) PET
D) Autonomic Nervous System

Question 17

Hebb and Edelman subscribed to the theory of person as neuronal circuits, while Wilson subscribed to

A) person as chromosome carrier.
B) person as neuronal group selector.
C) person as non-invasive sensors.
D) person as cultural universal.

Question 18

Sensation seeking is

A) seeking activities in order to have a sensation.
B) seeking activities in order to avoid work.
C) seeking activities in order to avoid boredom.
D) seeking sensations in order to have an activity.

Question 19

Among sociobiologists, the Leash Principle means

A) a genetic basis for culture that provides everyone a capacity for social behavior.
B) genes set the boundaries for culture.
C) favoritism toward relatives.
D) symbols or behaviors found in every society.

Question 20

A sociobiologist focuses primarily on

A) how people process social situations.
B) how people propagate genes.
C) how people process thoughts and information.
D) how people are motivated to seek an optimal level of arousal.

Question 21

When a mother gives a better piece of fruit to her child instead of the neighbor child, sociobiology would say it is because

A) she wants to propagate her genes into the future.
B) this is what culture says is acceptable for her to do.
C) she doesn't want her child to be mad at her since she has to live with him.
D) she dislikes the neighbor child.

Question 22

Someone who displays nepotism

A) is seeking exciting activities in order to avoid boredom.
B) is showing a melancholic temperament.
C) is showing favoritism toward relatives.
D) is showing individual fitness.

Question 23

Where social psychologists study how people process social situations, sociobiologists focus on

A) thought and information.
B) how persons propagate genes.
C) the uniqueness of the neural structures of the brain.
D) motivating by future goals.

Question 24

Wilson believed that our body's primary function is to do what?

A) To hold our brain and mind
B) To interact with the outside world
C) To pass on our genes
D) All of the above

Question 25

Which of these terms did sociobiologists use to describe how genes set the boundaries for culture?

A) Cultural Universals
B) Biogrammar
C) Leash principle
D) Cultural hyperextension

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of compositional theory?

A) A cork floats because it is less dense than water.
B) Fish live in water because they have gills and fins.
C) Birds fly because they have feathers and light bones.
D) All of the above

Question 27

The term for the capacity to learn language as a universal social behavior is

A) leash principle.
B) cultural universal.
C) cultural hyperextension.
D) biogrammar.

Question 28

According to sociobiologists, what is the purpose for the existence of man?

A) To contribute genes to the gene pool
B) To evolve and improve sociological circumstances
C) To evolve as far as possible
D) To create a perfect social environment

Question 29

Inclusive fitness is defined as maximizing the transmission of one's genes into subsequent generations by

A) producing offspring.
B) assisting relatives to survive.
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A or B

Question 30

Practicing spiking a volleyball directly to the inside of the side-line makes you more likely to get a good hit in a game because

A) the neuronal groups that function when you hit just inside have been strengthened by use.
B) the neuronal groups that function when you hit the ball badly have been pruned by non-use.
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 31

In the sociobiology theory, nepotism is explained by inclusive fitness while wearing clothing is explained by

A) cultural universals.
B) inbuilt customs.
C) leash principle.
D) individual fitness.

Question 32

Ancient Egyptians attributed female personality disorders to be caused by

A) the movements of the sun and moon causing fluctuating moods.
B) the movements of the uterus throughout the body.
C) an imbalance of the four humors.
D) dehydration.

Question 33

The fact that a newborn kitten, which is blind at birth and has never crawled before, is able to memorize the path to its mother's belly to eat can be explained by theories of

A) cultural learning.
B) prepared learning.
C) evolutionary biology.
D) tabula rasa.

Question 34

Telemetry is a system whereby recordings made at the body are sent by radio waves to

A) a central data processor.
B) a central records-keeping unit.
C) non-invasive sensors that respond.
D) a genome.

Question 35

What perspective says that rape is the "product" of a male who can't get a girlfriend?

A) Sociobiological
B) Person as neuronal circuits
C) Person as biochemical ingredients
D) All of the above

Question 36

Hebb called the neurons that work together a cell assembly, but Edelman updated this concept to follow natural selection and renamed them

A) neuronal groups.
B) synaptic fellows.
C) a cell community.
D) inclusive neurons.

Question 37

Genes are

A) the chemical building blocks of our bodies.
B) special proteins that activate thousands of chemical reactions.
C) tiny threadlike structures that form into pairs of rods just before a cell divides.
D) infinitely small units of DNA that determine which features living organisms inherit from their parents.

Question 38

Sociobiologists view the driving force towards "nepotism" as

A) devotion to family.
B) unification of family.
C) favoritism towards relatives.
D) propagation of one's genes.

Question 39

Modern research is similar to the ancient Greek thought in that

A) they both use blood letting techniques to solve constipation problems.
B) they both trace our personalities or problems back to our composition.
C) both accept the idea of clinical causality.
D) Both B and C

Question 40

Cultural hyperextension refers to the idea of

A) behavior found in every society because universal must be genetically transmitted.
B) genetic basis for culture.
C) culture is limited to genes.
D) culture sometimes amplifies our inclinations.